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Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Juliana Kelmy Macário de Faria Daguano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, 2016. / Alterações associadas ao envelhecimento e algumas doenças podem afetar o controle postural influenciando de maneira negativa a qualidade de vida das pessoas. Há muitos testes que podem ser utilizados para descrever o controle postural do ser humano, entretanto, ainda não há um consenso de quais são os melhores testes a serem empregados durante a avaliação para extrair informações relevantes da condição de equilíbrio do Vitrocerâmicas do sistema Li2O.SiO2, contendo como fase majoritária o dissilicato de lítio, têm sido utilizadas clinicamente como biomateriais quase inertes na área de reparação óssea, devido à boa resistência mecânica, apesar de, por vezes, não apresentarem biocompatibilidade e biofuncionalidade completamente satisfatórias. Assim, vitrocerâmicas bioativas à base de Li2O.SiO2 surgem como uma alternativa promissora. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a biocompatibilidade in vitro de um vidro base e duas vitrocerâmicas ¿ contendo metassilicato de lítio e dissilicato de lítio, visando à aplicação como reparador ósseo. Amostras dos três grupos foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X (DRX). Após análise das fases, os materiais foram submetidos aos testes in vitro de bioatividade e biodegradação, bem como ao de citotoxicidade e de adesão e proliferação em meio celular. O teste de bioatividade avaliou a formação de hidroxiapatita carbonatada (HCA) na superfície dos materiais após imersão em solução simuladora de fluído corpóreo (SBF) por períodos de até 14 dias, com o auxílio da técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), e o teste de biodegradação foi utilizado para quantificar a liberação de lítio (pela técnica de espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama - FAAS) e a perda de massa do material em solução tampão TRIS-HCl, por períodos de imersão de até 28 dias. Após os diversos períodos de imersão, as amostras foram analisadas por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Surpreendentemente, apenas a vitrocerâmica contendo majoritariamente a fase dissilicato de lítio (índice de cristalinidade ~ 79%) se mostrou bioativa após 14 dias de imersão em SBF. Em relação à avaliação da biodegradação, houve maior perda de massa para o vidro após 28 dias, e somente este grupo apresentou a concentração de íons Li+ na solução dentro da faixa considerada tóxica, após 14 dias de imersão em TRIS-HCl. Acerca da citotoxicidade, nenhum dos grupos se mostrou citotóxico. Em relação à adesão e à proliferação celular, o dissilicato de lítio apresentou os melhores resultados, podendo se verificar a formação de matriz mineralizada após 21 dias. Os resultados mostram que dentre os materiais analisados, a vitrocerâmica à base de dissilicato de lítio apresenta grande potencial para uso como biomaterial na área de regeneração óssea. / Glass-ceramics based on Li2O.SiO2 system, containing lithium disilicate as major phase, have already been used clinically as almost inert biomaterials due to good mechanical strength, although sometimes they do not have completely satisfactory biocompatibility and biofunctionality. Therefore, bioactive Li2O.SiO2 glass-ceramics appear as a promising alternative. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of three experimental groups: a base glass and glass-ceramics - containing lithium metasilicate and lithium disilicate, looking for bone repair. Samples of the three experimental groups were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). After analyze the phases, these materials were subjected to in vitro bioactivity and biodegradation tests as well as cytotoxicity and adhesion and proliferation in cellular medium tests. The bioactivity test evaluated the formation of hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) on the surface of the material after immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) for periods up to 14 days with the aid of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and the biodegradation test was used to quantify the release of lithium (for Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - FAAS) and the weight loss of the material in TRIS-HCl buffer solution, for periods up to 28 days. After several periods of immersion, the samples were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Surprisingly, only the glass ceramic containing lithium disilicate as majoritary phase (Crystallinity Index ~ 79%) proved to be bioactive after 14 days of immersion in SBF. Regarding the evaluation of biodegradation, there was a greater weight loss for glass after 28 days and only this group showed the concentration of Li+ ions in the solution within the range considered toxic, after 14 days of immersion in TRIS ¿HCl. About the cytotoxicity, none of the groups showed to be cytotoxic. Regarding cellular adhesion and proliferation, the lithium disilicate showed the best results, being able to verify the formation of mineralized matrix after 21 days. The results showed that between the 3 experimantal groups analyzed, the lithium disilicate glass-ceramic have great potencial to be used as biomaterial for bone repair.

This thesis deals with a dream. It is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part consists of basic knowledge of the dream in terms of physiological and psychological. There is also mention the phenomenon of dreams as a source or subject in the historical development of visual arts. The theoretical part also discusses author?s personal relationship to dreams, the choice of materials, techniques and rationale for selection of space for indoor installation. Practical part of the author's realization of spatial stained glass plate combined with concrete. Workflow is completed the drawing designs and photographs.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar, in vitro, a resistência à compressão de 30 raízes bovinas, tratadas endodonticamente, divididas em 3 grupos com 10 raízes cada e restauradas com pino metálico fundido (Grupo 1), pino pré-fabricado de fibra de vidro (Grupo 2) e pino anatômico (Grupo 3). Todas as raízes, com comprimentos de 15mm, foram preparadas internamente para que a espessura dentinária cervical ficasse com 1,5mm, com o objetivo de aumentar a largura do canal radicular. O espaço para o pino foi preparado com 10mm de comprimento. O diâmetro do pino de fibra de vidro escolhido foi o número 2, do sistema utilizado, para que houvesse um espaço entre ele e a estrutura radicular. O Grupo 1 recebeu pino e núcleo metálico fundido cimentado com cimento de fosfato de zinco. O Grupo 2 recebeu pino préfabricado de fibra de vidro cimentado com cimento resinoso Panavia F e núcleo de resina composta Z100. O Grupo 3 recebeu um pino de fibra de vidro modelado no interior do canal com resina composta Z100, cimentado com cimento resinoso Panavia F e núcleo de resina composta Z100. Em todas as raízes dos grupos, um coping metálico foi cimentado com cimento de fosfato de zinco. As raízes foram incluídas em resina acrílica quimicamente ativada, previamente inserida no interior de tubos de PVC e submetidas a testes de compressão em máquina de ensaio Kratos, modelo k2000MP. A carga de compressão foi aplicada a um ângulo de 135 graus ao longo eixo do dente, na face palatina, até que ocorresse uma trinca ou and analysed. The results revealed a statistical difference among groups. Group 1 presented a stronger resistance to fracture than the other groups, which did not present statistical difference. The roots restored with post and cast metallic core were the only ones that presented radicular fracture in the apical root third. The roots that were restored with fibre glass posts presented similar fractures, from the cervical root third to the middle root third. / The aim of this study was to compare, in vitro, the resistance to compression strength of 30bovine roots among canines and incisors endodontically treated, divided into 3 groups with 10 roots each and restored with cast metallic post (Group 1), prefabricated fibre glass post (Group 2), and anatomical post (Group 3). All the roots, with a length of 15mm, were internally prepared so as to their cervical dentin wall thickness would be of 1,5mm, in order to enhance the width of the radicular canal. The space for the post was prepared with 10mm. The diameter of the glass fibre post chosen was the number 2, of the adopted system, so as to create a space between the glass fibre post and the radicular structure. Group 1 received post and cast metallic core cemented with zinc phosphate cement. Group 2 received prefabricated fibre glass post cemented with resin cement Panavia F and composite resin core Z100. Group 3 received a fibre glass post modeled inside the canal with composite resin Z100, cemented with resin cement Panavia F and composite resin core Z100. In all groups, all the roots were cemented with a metallic coping with zinc phosphate cement. The roots were mounted inside pvc pipes with chemically activated acrylic resin, and submitted to compression tests in a universal testing machine Kratos, model k2000MP. The compressive load was done in an angle of 135o in relation to the long axes of the roots, until the occurrence of failure or fracture. The amount of load correspondent to the occurrence of failure or fracture was statistically registered and analysed. The results revealed a statistical difference among groups. Group 1 presented a stronger resistance to fracture than the other groups, which did not present statistical difference. The roots restored with post and cast metallic core were the only ones that presented radicular fracture in the apical root third. The roots that were restored with fibre glass posts presented similar fractures, from the cervical root third to the middle root third.

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O presente trabalho avaliou a formacao de tecido osseo ao redor de implantes osseointegraveis de titanio, apos realizacao de defeitos osseos, utilizando diferentes tipos de substitutos osseos. Foram utilizados 5 caes de raca indeterminada, os pre molares e molares mandibulares foram extraidos, passados 12 semanas, os caes foram submetidos a um novo procedimento cirurgico aonde foram realizadas as perfurações preconizados pelo fabricante dos implantes, o osso vestibular da mandibula foi desgastado ate que parte da perfuracao fosse exposta, os implantes entao foram colocados nas respectivas perfuracoes, ficando com 4 espiras expostas. Esses defeitos foram preenchidos aleatoriamente com Bioglass® 45S5, Biosilicato® , Osso autogeno, e sem nenhum material de preenchimento. 18 semanas depois da colocacao dos implantes os caes foram mortos e suas hemi-mandibulas contendo os implantes removidas e submetidas aos analises histologiaos e histomorfometricas, os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis. A histologia dos 4 grupos estudados revelaram a presenca de tecido osseo maduro em contato com os implantes, porem sem ralacao direta com os vidros bioativos e osso autogeno. A porcentagem de contato osso implante, matriz ossea mineralizada ao redor da espira, e area de espelho, nao mostraram diferencas estatisticas significantes entre os 4 materiais testados. Os resultados indicam que a presenca de substitutos osseos nao interfere com a formacao ossea ao redor dos implantes nesse modelo experimental. E existe resposta tecidual muito semelhante entre o osso autogeno, Bioglass® 45S5 e Biosilicato. / The aim of the present study was to investigate the amount of bone formation on Ti implants in sites with intra-bony defects filled with different bone substitutes. Mandibular premolars and first molars were extracted from 5 dogs, and after 12 weeks 3 implants were bilaterally placed in sites with intra-bony defects and each implantation site randomly received the following treatment: Biosilicate®, Bioglass® 45S5, aoutologous bone or no treatment. At 18 weeks after implantation, the hemi-mandibles containing the implants were removed and processed for morphological and histomorphometric analysis. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Fishers test. The histological sections of the 4 experimental groups exhibited mature bone tissue in contact with implants, but not related with bioactive glasses or autologous bone used. The percentage of bone-implant contact, mineralized bone matrix between implant threads, and mineralized bone matrix within mirror area in the treated or non-treated sites were not statistically different among the 4 experimental groups. These results indicates that the presence of the bone substitutes evaluated here did not interfere with bone formation on Ti implants in sites with intra-bony defects. In addition, tissue response to Biosilicate® was similar to that of Bioglass® 45S5 and autologous bone.

Orientador: Lygia Arcuri Eluf / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T14:54:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Casari_Fernanda_M.pdf: 7744105 bytes, checksum: 3fc3dc2db4a51a52e20b9fd49e7717dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A relação entre materiais, procedimentos e poéticas desenvolvidas durante o processo de criação artística são questões que me acompanham desde a graduação em Artes Plásticas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo unir estas questões e apresentar o caminho percorrido para a realização de objetos em vidro. Abordo a Alquimia em alguns aspectos históricos, sua relação com o vidro e em como esta temática é inspiradora para o meu processo de criação. Aponto características materiais e poéticas do vidro e a partir da técnica de vitrofusão (fusing), demonstro resultados de experimentações e o procedimento construtivo utilizado na realização dos objetos. Finalizo com a apresentação de duas séries de objetos realizados a partir de temáticas alquímicas / Abstract: The relationship between materials, procedures and the poetics developed during the creative artistic process are all issues that have been a constant for me, ever since I got my degree in Fine Art. The purpose of this work is to unify all these issues and to present the path followed towards the creation of glass objects. I approach Alchemy on some historical levels, its relation to glass and in which manner this thematic is inspirational to my creative process. I highlight the characteristics pertaining to the material and poetics of glass and, through the technique of fusing, I demonstrate the results of my experiments as well as the constructive procedure employed in the creation of the objects. I conclude with a presentation of two series of objects created from the alchemical thematic / Mestrado / Artes Visuais / Mestre em Artes

La gestion des déchets produits par l’industrie nucléaire est un enjeu majeur de nos sociétés. En France, l’Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs (Andra), est chargée de la mise en œuvre du projet Cigéo, centre industriel de stockage géologique, un concept de stockage profond en milieu argileux des déchets radioactifs HA et MAVL. Dans ce concept, le verre a été choisi comme matrice de confinement pour les déchets radioactifs de haute activité et la prédiction du comportement du colis de déchet sur le long terme est l’un des éléments essentiels de sureté. Afin d’identifier les mécanismes d’altération du verre en présence de fer issu du conteneur de stockage, différents systèmes verre/fer/argilite ont été altérés dans des conditions proches du probable site de stockage géologique. Un couplage de techniques de caractérisation post-mortem de l’échelle micro à nanométrique a permis de caractériser les systèmes et d’identifier les silicates de fer qui se forment dans la couche d’altération du verre SON68 et dans les produits de corrosion du fer. A 50°C, les smectites dioctaédriques de FeIII (assimilées à de la nontronite) se forment préférentiellement, tandis que des serpentines trioctaédriques riches en FeII (greenalite, berthierine) ne sont détectées que pour une température de 90°C. Ces phyllosilicates nanométriques ont un impact macroscopique sur l’altération du verre nucléaire. En effet les interactions silicium/fer entretiennent l’altération du verre et retardent l’atteinte du régime d’altération en vitesse résiduelle. / Management of waste generated by the nuclear industry is a major challenge for our societies. In France, the French national radioactive waste management agency (Andra) is responsible for the implementation of the Cigéo project, an industrial geological storage center planning to use deep storage in clay medium for high level and intermediate-level long lived waste. Glass has been chosen in this project as a containment matrix for high-level radioactive waste. Understanding the long-term expected evolution of the waste package's behavior is critical for safety purposes.In order to identify the alteration mechanisms of the glass in the presence of iron from the storage container, different glass/iron/argillite systems have been altered under conditions close to those in the probable geological storage site. A coupling of post-mortem characterization techniques from the micrometric to nanometric scale allowed to characterize the systems and to identify the iron silicates formed in the glass alteration layer of the SON68 glass and in the iron corrosion products. At 50°C dioctahedral smectites of FeIII (assimilated to nontronite) are preferentially formed, while FeII-rich trioctaedric serpentines (greenalite, berthierine) are detected only at a temperature of 90°C.These nanometric phyllosilicates have a macroscopic impact on the alteration of nuclear glass. Indeed silicon/iron interactions maintain the alteration of the glass and delay the achievement of the residual rate in its alteration regime.

L'objectif de cette thèse est l'étude de la population de bulles générée entre deux morceaux de verre mis en contact et portés à 1100 °C sans matières premières. Comprendre la transition gaz dissous/gaz est un sujet scientifique majeur, par ailleurs les bulles sont le principal défaut dans les verres industriels et la quantité de verre recyclé introduite dans les fours est destinée à augmenter. Nous étudions la vie d'une bulle de sa nucléation à sa remontée dans le verre fondu en passant par sa croissance. Nous montrons que la nucléation homogène n'existe pas dans un verre car les réactions chimiques ne génèrent pas les sursaturations suffisantes. L'écoulement du verre après la transition vitreuse enferme des poches de gaz qui sont les précurseurs naturels des bulles. Nous modélisons la sursaturation à l'interface entre deux verres et montrons son influence sur le nombre de nuclei stables qui forment des bulles. Nous modélisons la dynamique de croissance des bulles en utilisant la même caractérisation de l'état d'oxydation que pour la nucléation. Nous constatons que la croissance des bulles à l'interface entre un verre réduit et un verre oxydé est plus rapide que celle des bulles situées dans un verre oxydé seul. Nous attribuons cette accélération à l'interaction entre les verres qui décale l'équilibre du soufre vers la formation de SO2 gazeux. Pour finir, nous présentons un montage expérimental qui permet de mesurer des champs de vitesse dans du verre grâce à l'utilisation de rayons X et à un algorithme de flot optique. Cette mesure permet d'évaluer la capacité d'une population de bulles à favoriser le mélange du verre au début de la fusion. / This thesis focuses on the bubbles population that appears between two glass pieces when heated at 1100 °C without any reactive raw materials. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the transition from dissolved gas to gas is still a fundamental issue of materials science. Industrially, bubbles are the major sources of defects in the final glass product and the amount of recycled glass introduced in glass furnaces will likely increase.We have studied the life of a bubble at different times, from its creation to its growth behavior, and to its rise in the molten glass. We show that homogeneous nucleation cannot exist in molten glass because chemical reactions are not able to generate the needed supersaturations by themselves. Thus, right after glass transition, glass flow is responsible for the entrapment of gas pockets, which then become natural precursors of bubbles.We model the supersaturation at the interface between two glasses, and we show its influence over the number of stable nuclei that can form bubbles.We also model the growth dynamic by using the same characterization of glasses' oxidation states than for nucleation. We experimentally show that bubbles located at the interface between a reduced glass and an oxidized glass grow faster than bubbles located in an oxidized glass only. The main effect of the interaction between the two glasses is to move the sulfur equilibrium towards the formation of gaseous SO2.Finally, using X-rays and an optical flow algorithm, we present a new experimental setup which measure velocity fields in an opaque medium to assess bubbles ability to promote glass mixing.

Glass-ceramics are of growing interest due to their enhanced properties compared to the base glasses. More specifically, the control of microstructures is a major challenge as the properties of glass-ceramics are the direct consequences of microstructures. Microstructures can be modified by forming specific crystal phases or by using a prior amorphous phase separation before crystallization. The PhD thesis objectives are to demonstrate that the properties of silicate glasses can be enhanced by controlling their microstructure genesis with composition and thermal process parameters. More specifically, two systems were studied and compared: the BaO-TiO2-SiO2 system and the soda-lime silica Na2O-CaO-SiO2 used industrially. Both systems exhibit a large zone of immiscibility allowing the study of the influence of phase separation on crystallization.<p>The first system BaO-TiO2-SiO2 has gathered interest from the interesting properties of fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8): piezo and pyroelectricity, second harmonic generation and blue/white photoluminescence. Many studies on the stoichiometric composition were conducted to understand and improve those promising properties. However, it was recently suggested that the photoluminescence can be improved with composition exhibiting phase separation. This indicates that the photoluminescence intensity can be improved through a microstructural control. The possible role of a prior amorphous phase separation on the subsequent crystallization has been however the topic of vigorous debates over the last decades and has not yet been clarified, especially regarding the role of the interfaces created by the phase separation. In this PhD, the effect of phase separation on fresnoite crystallization was studied. This had to pass through the calculation of the liquid-liquid immiscibility in the phase diagram in order to select suitable compositions to compare in a systematic study. The systematic study concludes to a surface crystallization mechanism for all non- stoichiometric compositions and shows no influence between amorphous droplets and matrix crystallization. This study was also completed with the investigation of the effect of composition (i.e. SiO2-excess), annealing temperature and prior heat treatment, i.e. heating rate, cooling rate or a prior isothermal step before annealing. It is shown that specific microstructures are obtained depending on the process parameters. Finally, selected compositions and heat treatment show how photoluminescence intensity can be improved by a microstructural control. The highest intensity is obtained with a high crystallization fraction and a maximization of the number of interfaces.<p>The results obtained in the study of the BaO-TiO2-SiO2 system are extended to the soda-lime-silica system in order to study the effect of phase separation on crystallization. It is shown that cristobalite forma- tion from the surface cannot be avoided and that the involved composition shift inhibits phase separation. It is consequently difficult to observe an interplay. Those studies lead to a general discussion about the criteria allowing to observe an interplay between phase separation and crystallization in oxide glasses. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished