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Well-being and human development are two concepts within the development debate that are often used as different but defined and operationalised in very similar ways. This has led to a diffuse differentiation between them, where it is unclear what we include in either concept, which can cause validity problems in e.g. research, as it is not clear what we are really studying. This is the motivation for my thesis, to examine how similar these concepts are in practice to determine if they can be conceptualised as they have been previously, or if more effort must be made to differentiate between them. I do this by examining three dimensions which are central to both concepts (Health, Education, and Material standard of living) to see how the concepts correlate within each dimension. These correlations I then control for both GDP per capita and level of democracy. My results show that there is no significant correlation between well-being and human development when controlling for GDP per capita and level of democracy, showing that the concepts are in fact not as similar as they are treated in the literature thus far. In conclusion, this means that the concepts cannot be conceptualised as similarly as they have been before, but instead, more effort must be made to sufficiently differentiate between them.

The process of integration has been shown to be intricate and particularly detrimental to immigrant women. In examining the Swedish labour market more closely, it is evident that immigrant women are disproportionately affected by unemployment. The aim of this study was to critically assess the various obstacles identified by immigrant women themselves, as well as professionals involved in integration, with a specific focus on the local context of Jönköping municipality through semi-structured interviews. Additionally, the study sought to explore the initiatives undertaken by the municipality and the local region to address these challenges. Prior research has acknowledged the lack of accessibility of assistance sources for immigrant women, the non-recognition of their educational credentials from their home countries, the potential hindrance of domestic gender traditions in job applications, the difficulty of language proficiency, and the prevalence of discrimination as barriers for women in obtaining employment. These findings align with the results obtained from the interviews conducted. Additionally, the interviews mentioned lack of fundings to integrate women, women not receiving important information, gender stereotypes and systematic factors as factors that hinders immigrant women’s labour integration. The study emphasizes how the implementation of intersectionality theory can offer policy makers and municipality workers a deeper understanding of immigrant women.

No / Enterprise strategies, governance structure and performance: a comparative study of global integration, Regional Studies. This paper is positioned within a voluminous body of literature exploring the processes of global integration. The research presented here broadens the scope of scholarly inquiry through a process of constructive and critical engagement with the Global Commodity and Value Chain approaches. This is achieved by focusing on the enterprise as a purposive agent that is contextualized in chains and localities; and exploring the broad spectrum of strategies that can result to robust performance. This argument is supported with the findings of a survey of 755 firms in the United Kingdom, Greece, Poland, Estonia, and Bulgaria.

Le travail de recherche que nous présentons dans ce document porte sur la dynamique des centres de R&D industriels implantés à l'étranger. Comme Ronstadt (1978), Asakawa (2001) et Asakawa & Som (2008), nous constatons que la mission et la position des centres de R&D dans le réseau interne d'innovation de la firme évoluent. Nous avons modélisé cette évolution en quatre phases distinctes : l'implantation du centre, la double phase de la construction de son identité grâce à son intégration au réseau interne d'innovation de la firme et à la construction de son réseau externe d'innovation et enfin la maturité du centre.Nous avons ensuite cherché à comprendre comment le centre passait de sa phase d'implantation,durant laquelle il n'a pas encore d'identité propre, à sa phase de maturité, où il est parvenu à se spécialiser et à devenir un élément clé du réseau interne d'innovation de la firme. Nous avons caractérisé chacun des moments de l'évolution du centre par les types de relations entre le centre,son réseau interne d'innovation et son environnement local. Pour y parvenir, nous nous sommes appuyée sur la littérature sur les clusters qui s'est intéressée aux types de liens nécessaires à l'échange de savoirs et de savoir-faire et à la construction de rapports de confiance entre plusieurs organismes au-delà de la seule considération de leur proximité géographique. Cette littérature apporte un outil peu mobilisé dans la littérature sur la globalisation de la R&D : les proximités (Boschma,2005). Nous avons utilisé six types de proximités pour comprendre et analyser de quelle manière un centre de R&D implanté à l'étranger évoluait : les proximités géographique, institutionnelle organisée, institutionnelle inorganisée, structurelle, cognitive et sociale. Il ressort de nos travaux que chacune des phases de l'évolution du centre se caractérise par une architecture de proximités spécifique entre le centre, son réseau interne d'innovation et son environnement local.Pour parvenir à ces résultats et pour les valider, nous avons combiné plusieurs outils méthodologiques : 1/ nous avons construit et animé pendant deux ans un focus group composé de managers de la R&D industrielle sur le thème de la globalisation de la R&D, 2/ nous avons étudié les centres de R&D implantés à Bangalore de quatre entreprises multinationales : ABB, AkzoNobel,Procter & Gamble et Siemens, 3/ enfin, nous nous sommes appuyée sur un grand nombre de « minicas», recueillis lors d'entretiens informels ou de réunions relatives à la question de la globalisation de la R&D. L'ensemble de ce travail empirique a été fait dans le cadre d'une thèse CIFRE avec l'association européenne pour le management de la recherche industrielle (EIRMA). / This thesis addresses the question of the dynamics of foreign industrial R&D centres.Just as Ronstadt (1978), Asakawa (2001) and Asakawa & Som (2008) did before us, we notice thatthe mission and the position of the R&D centres in their internal innovation network are changing over time. We have identified four different phases in these dynamics: 1/ the setting up of the centre, 2/ the double phase during which the centre builds up its own identity, thanks to its integration into its internal innovation network and the creation of its external innovation network, 3/ its maturity.One of the key questions was then to understand how the centre was able to rise from its first phase, during which it did not have its own identity, to its maturity phase, where it has its own speciality and is recognized as one of the key elements of its internal innovation network. In order to answer this question, we have identified the types of relationships between the centre, its internal innovation network and its local environment during each phase of its dynamics. We used the academic literature on clusters which tried to determine the types of relationships other than geographical proximity that make the exchanges of knowledge and know-how, as well as the creation of confidence between organisms possible. To answer this question, it introduces a concept which is not widely used in the academic literature on the globalisation of the R&D: the concept of proximities (Boschma 2005). Weused six types of proximities in order to understand the dynamics of the foreign R&D centres: the geographical proximity, the formal and informal institutional proximities, the organisational, cultural and social proximities. The results of our study show that each phase of the evolution of the foreign R&D centre can be characterised by an architecture of proximities between the centre, its internal innovation network and its local environment.Our results come from several empirical observations: 1/ we have built and organized a focus groupon the globalisation of R&D during two years. This focus group was made of several industrial R&Dmanagers, 2/ we have studies the Indian foreign R&D centres of four multinational companies: ABB,AkzoNobel, Procter & Gamble and Siemens, 3/ we have used several short case studies gatheredduring informal interviews and professional meetings on the globalisation of R&D. This empirical work has been realized in the framework of a public-private partnership between our laboratory and the European Association for Industrial Research Management (EIRMA).

Le travail suivant tend à retracer la photographie du roman insulaire contemporain. En analysant le thème du retour dans certaines oeuvres sardes, siciliennes, corses et majorquines, nous voudrions souligner en particulier les points de ruptures avec le siècle passé voire remettre en question le concept d'île. / The following work aims at offering an overview of the contemporary insular novel. In particular, by analyzing the theme of the re-emergence in some works of Sardinia, Sicily, Corsica and Majorca, it intends to point out some divergencies from the tradition of the last century, which lead to questioning the concept is “island” itself. / Il seguente lavoro vuole tracciare una fotografia del romanzo insulare contemporaneo. In particolare, analizzando il tema del ritorno in alcune opere di Sardegna, Sicilia, Corsica e Maiorca, vorrebbe evidenziare i punti di rottura col secolo passato, sino a mettere in discus-sione il concetto stesso di ‘isola’.

The authors realized the importance of being flexible in cultural values in the current environment of today’s economy. This environment is called ‘globalization’ that has become an interesting topic in the academic world. Beyond the different challenges, the most important challenge regarding to the thesis topic is the cultural challenge. The authors have combined these elements and  wanted to investigate how these factors influence marketing advertising in the Middle East. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to reach an understanding about how cultural differences in global marketing advertising can be handled by global companies in the Middle East.  The findings of the thesis reflect upon the question of "how global companies can better address cultural differences in marketing advertising in the Middle East" by first understanding and respecting the culture and religion of the region, following the regulations and guidelines for advertising in every specific country, cooperating with local agencies and adapting the marketing advertising strategy with a glocal ‘think global, act local’ approach.

This thesis purpose has been to investigate how the demonetisation in India has affected the political participation and the rural identity in a rural part of Karnataka. The demonetisation in this thesis has been connected to globalisation and show how the globalisation expresses on the rural locality. This has been done by a field study in a rural part of Karnataka that contained direct observations and six focus-group interviews that has been analysed with qualitative methodology. The rural identity has been operationalised to three indicators; caste-identity, family and gender-identity and political-identity. Our results shows that the rural identity has been somewhat affected by the demonetisation and globalisation. The political participation has not been affected. However there are tendencies that the demonetisation might transform the political participation in the future. Our findings also suggest that the urban have moved further away from the rural towards the global due to the demonetisation. Due to the increased distance between the rural and urban, the rural identity has become more independent.

Since the 1980s, growing international recognition for Taiwanese auteurs has placed Taiwan on the map of world cinema. However, in the new millennium popular tastes have gradually become a key concern for Taiwanese filmmakers; in the years since 2008, the dramatic box office success of Cape No.7 has further boosted their commercial production. Through four case studies, this thesis investigates four major filmmaking strategies among Taiwanese filmmakers, seeking to provide a wide-ranging picture of Taiwan cinema since the turn of the century. These case studies represent different approaches to filmmaking and indicate the different audiences that Taiwanese filmmakers may address. Ang Lee’s Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon not only demonstrates that Asian films can achieve international box office success but also raises issues of cultural authenticity and cultural translation. Chapter One describes how the global success of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon has promoted transnational co-production in Asia. The Hollywood-funded project Double Vision and Taiwanese filmmakers’ engagement in intraregional co-production are outlined in Chapter Two, examining the development of pan-Asian co-production in Taiwan cinema. The immense popularity of Cape No.7 in Taiwan reflects Taiwanese viewers’ demand for cultural products with local colour. Chapter Three views this domestically-produced film as a local response to cultural globalisation and revisits the significance of nativist imagination to the production and consumption of contemporary Taiwan cinema. The last chapter examines auteur-oriented filmmaking in this area and underscores the dependence of art cinema in Taiwan on the film festival economy and international niche markets. These case studies highlight the influence of transnational connections on the production, consumption and content of contemporary Taiwan cinema, showing that Taiwan cinema should be understood in a transnational context.

This thesis develops a biopolitical perspective on Western states’ longstanding opposition to the formation of a Tamil state (Tamil Eelam) in the northeastern parts of the island of Sri Lanka (Ceylon). It does so by adopting and applying the concept of biopolitics as developed by Michel Foucault in the 1970s. Foucault used the idea of biopolitics to explain power relations and to consider peace through the matrix of war. He was especially interested in using this to understand power relations that emerged in the eighteenth century and especially in terms of the tensions between military confrontation and commercial expansion. This thesis adopts and applies the idea of biopolitics to the concept of liberal peace and its core principle, the security of global commerce, to offer a new interpretation of the rationale behind the opposition of Western states to the Tamil demand for political independence and their collaboration in Sri Lanka’s biopolitical transformation of the island into a Sinhala-Buddhist ethno-theocracy. As practitioners of the biopolitics of liberal peace, Western states have waged wars and collaborated in the wars of their Southern counterparts, allowing populations, including liberalised ones, to be killed, condoning the subversion of civil liberties, human rights and other democratic freedoms, including the right to selfdetermination of nations, that they simultaneously promote. The thesis explores the extent to which the collaboration of the West with the Sri Lankan state’s racist policies and counterinsurgency efforts is a continuation of the colonial policies of the British Empire in Ceylon. In developing a biopolitical perspective on the liberal state-building practices of the British Empire in colonial Ceylon, Sri Lanka’s adoption of the same practices, and the West’s own efforts to neutralise the Tamils’ armed struggle, the thesis explores the ways that power relations produce the effects of battle, and thus the way that peace becomes a means of waging war. When the power relations of law, finance, politics, and diplomacy produce the effects of battle, they become ways of waging war by other means. As well as being a thesis on Western policy in the war in Sri Lanka, the work is therefore also to some extent an attempt to see how far Foucault’s work on biopolitics might be pushed and developed and thus, at the same time, an attempt to turn the Foucauldian focus to an area thus far unexplored by those who have sought to engage with Foucault’s work.