The thesis investigates methods of examining corneal biomechanics using non-contact tonometry and introduces novel techniques to investigate corneal material properties in vivo. A comprehensive systems analysis of the CorvisST (CST) and Ocular Response Analyser (ORA) was performed. Pressure sensors were used to characterisation the airflow produced by the CST and the ORA. Distinct differences were observed between the central airflow pressures between the two devices: the CST pressure was higher and of shorter duration. Scheimpflug high-speed imaging via the CST allowed components of the corneal deformation to be investigated and the development of a 3D deformation matrix (time, depth and spatial resolution) through tracing of the anterior and posterior corneal surface. Measures of whole eye movement (WEM) with CST were found to be robust. WEM demonstrated an asymmetric profile and a correction method was developed to address the corneal deformation matrix for this asymmetry. Novel methods for characterisation of intrinsic material characteristics of the cornea were developed using numerical and graphical analytical procedures. Application of these parameters was tested on enucleated porcine eyes across a wide range of manometry internal ocular pressure (MIOP). The dynamic E-Modulus was found to be most affected by MIOP change. To investigate the in vivo distribution and heterogeneity of the corneal biomechanics, a novel set-up allowed the mapping of corneal biomechanics across the cornea using the CST (central, paracentral, peripheral) and ORA (central, peripheral). Biometric and demographic grouping of subjects allowed detection of discriminating factors between individuals. The results suggest that the in vivo cornea of healthy human adults can be characterised as a viscoelastic, damped system for longitudinal strain and a highly oscillating system for lateral strain. The cornea is approximately homogenous for measures of rigidity and dynamic E-Modulus but other corneal material characteristics (longitudinal and lateral strain, hysteresis, damping and compressibility) demonstrated regional differences. The experimental design employed allowed for strict control of biometric and biomechanical intersubject variables, based on gold-standard techniques as well as newly-developed methods, thereby creating a normative database for future use.

This study consisted of a qualitative analysis of articles from two Canadian newspapers related to North America’s only safe injection facility for drug users, Vancouver’s Insite, and examined the texts for latent themes derived from a review of harm reduction and governmentality literature. The investigation asked “In what ways are Insite and its clients represented in the media and what implications do those portrayals have in terms of Insite’s operation as a harm reduction practice as well as a governmental strategy designed to direct the conduct of drug users who visit the site?” The analysis revealed conflicting representations, some which have positive potential in terms of Insite’s adherence to the fundamental principles of harm reduction and others that undermined those principles and suggested that the site may have traditional governmental functions, perhaps indicating less distance between the harm reduction and governmentality philosophies in the discourse surrounding the SIS than expected.

This study consisted of a qualitative analysis of articles from two Canadian newspapers related to North America’s only safe injection facility for drug users, Vancouver’s Insite, and examined the texts for latent themes derived from a review of harm reduction and governmentality literature. The investigation asked “In what ways are Insite and its clients represented in the media and what implications do those portrayals have in terms of Insite’s operation as a harm reduction practice as well as a governmental strategy designed to direct the conduct of drug users who visit the site?” The analysis revealed conflicting representations, some which have positive potential in terms of Insite’s adherence to the fundamental principles of harm reduction and others that undermined those principles and suggested that the site may have traditional governmental functions, perhaps indicating less distance between the harm reduction and governmentality philosophies in the discourse surrounding the SIS than expected.

This study consisted of a qualitative analysis of articles from two Canadian newspapers related to North America’s only safe injection facility for drug users, Vancouver’s Insite, and examined the texts for latent themes derived from a review of harm reduction and governmentality literature. The investigation asked “In what ways are Insite and its clients represented in the media and what implications do those portrayals have in terms of Insite’s operation as a harm reduction practice as well as a governmental strategy designed to direct the conduct of drug users who visit the site?” The analysis revealed conflicting representations, some which have positive potential in terms of Insite’s adherence to the fundamental principles of harm reduction and others that undermined those principles and suggested that the site may have traditional governmental functions, perhaps indicating less distance between the harm reduction and governmentality philosophies in the discourse surrounding the SIS than expected.

This dissertation investigates managerial leadership and its cultural foundations in Kenya. It discusses the theoretical underpinnings of culturally contingent leadership theories, and examines Sub-Saharan African leadership through existing literature, cultural metaphors, and qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The study replicates the Global Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Effectiveness (GLOBE) methodologies with 267 respondents – managers in the finance and food processing sectors, and the civic sector (education and health). The literature review focuses on leadership issues impeding socio-economic development, complexities such as ethnic heterogeneity, colonial history, customary practices, instability in governance, conflict, corruption, and poverty. The cultural domain is also examined in terms of ethno-linguistic groups and major historical and geo-political influences on these groups. Additional aspects of culture that pose persistent problems to Kenyan leadership are explored: paternalism and patronage, and the legacy of entitlement and bureaucracy –– negative influences on workrelated relations, and managerial and political leadership. Findings on organisational culture and societal culture indicate that Kenyan values and practices are not congruent, thereby creating a unique profile of Kenyan leader attributes and leadership styles. The study identifies Bwana Kubwa (Big Boss) managerial leadership as a norm, political leadership as “a dirty game,” and an “inspirational idealist” as the preferred leader. Lastly, survey results for Kenya are compared against GLOBE dimensions of culture and leadership for Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as against West Africa. / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication Science)

By examining five types of astronomical and celestial phenomena—comets, constellations, the zodiac, planets, and the music of the spheres—this thesis posits not only that early modern dramatists were influenced by established and emerging natural philosophy as habits of thought that manifested in their writing, but also that astronomical phenomena operate within the drama, performance, and in the theatre as elements for creating and developing a distinctly spatial dramaturgy. Using theories from the spatial turn, this thesis maps the positions, edges, disturbances, and motions of celestial properties within the imaginary and physical space of early modern drama and theatre. It argues that the case study plays examined within this thesis demonstrate a period-wide engagement, rather than an authorial-, company-, theatre-, or even genre-specific practice. Dramatists developed techniques using astronomical phenomena as dramatic methods that occasionally underscored early modern astronomical thought. However, in many cases constructed plots, characters, visual and sound effects, and movements transgressed astronomical expectations. Dramatists broke down constellations, inserted new stars in the heavens, created zodiacal females, launched pyrotechnical comets, moved planets unexpectedly across the stage, and played (and refrained from playing) celestial "music" for the audience. Recognising composite and often contradictory astronomical constructions within the drama, this thesis moves the critical discussion away from an intellectual history of natural philosophy and gravitates toward an active astronomical dramaturgy.

Submitted by Juliana Mansur (juliana.kopp@fgv.br) on 2016-02-22T13:14:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JULIANA MANSUR_VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1961862 bytes, checksum: c1bd07a7bcc2dfd3f04c3b85b4581a3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2016-02-25T14:29:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JULIANA MANSUR_VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1961862 bytes, checksum: c1bd07a7bcc2dfd3f04c3b85b4581a3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-02-29T11:47:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JULIANA MANSUR_VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1961862 bytes, checksum: c1bd07a7bcc2dfd3f04c3b85b4581a3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-29T11:47:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JULIANA MANSUR_VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 1961862 bytes, checksum: c1bd07a7bcc2dfd3f04c3b85b4581a3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-03 / Although cross-cultural leadership research has thrived in international business literature, little attention has been devoted to understanding the effectiveness of non-western theories beyond their original contexts. The purpose of this study is to examine the cross-cultural endorsement of paternalistic leadership, an emerging non-western leadership theory, using data from GLOBE project. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses we found measurement equivalence of a scale derived from GLOBE’s data, which enabled us to compare the endorsement of paternalistic leadership dimensions across 10 cultural clusters and 55 societies. Our study revealed that there are significant differences in the importance societies give to each dimension, suggesting that paternalism as leadership style is not universally nor homogeneously endorsed. Furthermore, results suggest that different patterns of endorsement of each of these dimensions give rise to idiosyncratic shades of paternalistic leadership across societies. Implications for theory and future research on international business are discussed. / Paternalistic leadership is a flourishing area in leadership literature, traditionally assumed to be culture bounded. However, empirical evidences have suggested that rather than national cultures, the conditions under which paternalistic leaders are effective can be related to the fit between the style of a leader and that of his or her followers. In the present research, we focus on paternalistic leadership and contrast it with empowering leadership, as two opposite ways on how leaders influence followers, to explore the individual conditions under which both styles can be effective. Adopting a follower-centered approach, we base our arguments on person-supervisor (P-S) fit theory and regulatory focus theory to propose that leadership effectiveness may be contingent to followers’ own values and motivational needs. We expected paternalistic leadership behaviors (e.g, authority, benevolence, support) to supply motivational needs for predominantly prevention-focused followers, and empowering leadership behaviors (e.g. empowerment, encouragement and autonomy) to supply motivational needs for predominantly promotion-focused followers. Using data collected from two experimental studies and a business simulation, we found support for these ideas, showing that fit increased followers’ perception of attitudinal and behavioral outcomes, such as in-role and creative performance.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gomesfilho_js_dr_jabo.pdf: 765540 bytes, checksum: 15848770f797f69a1af286f79d7dc8d4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o efeito do sombreamento artificial e da pintura dos telhados na melhoria do conforto térmico de modelos reduzidos simulando galpões avícolas. Em todos os experimentos foram utilizadas coberturas com telha de fibrocimento, novas, sem cimento amianto, com 4,0mm de espessura. O Experimento 1 foi realizado na Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), câmpus de São Luís, onde foram testados cinco tipos de coberturas: 1- sem tela, sem pintura (STSP – controle); 2- com tela a 0,05m de altura da telha, sem pintura (CT5SP); 3- com tela a 0,05m de altura da telha, com pintura (CT5CP); 4- com tela a 0,08m de altura da telha, sem pintura (CT8SP) e 5- com tela a 0,08m de altura da telha, com pintura (CT8CP). Foram determinados o Índice de Temperatura de Globo Negro e Umidade (ITGU), a Carga Térmica de Radiação (CTR) e a Entalpia Específica (H). As colheitas das variáveis meteorológicas (temperaturas de globo negro, de bulbo seco, de bulbo úmido e velocidade do vento) foram realizadas durante 12 dias experimentais (04 a 15 de nov. de 2009) às 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 e 16:00 horas. O tipo de cobertura CT5SP foi o que apresentou os melhores valores para ITGUcorr (79,81) e H (78,84 KJ.Kg-1 de ar seco). O melhor resultado para CTRcorr foi apresentado pelo tratamento CT5CP (480,12 W.m-2). O Experimento 2 foi realizado na Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), câmpus de Jaboticabal, onde foram testados os mesmos tipos de coberturas do Experimento 1. As colheitas e registro das variáveis meteorológicas foram realizadas por 40 dias (13 de fev. a 24 de mar. de 2010), nos mesmos horários do Experimento 1. O tipo cobertura que proporcionou menor resultado para o ITGU (83,86) e H (86,41 KJ.Kg-1 de ar seco) foi o CT8CP. A menor CTR (549,52 W.m-2) foi verificada na cobertura CT5CP. O Experimento 3 objetivou verificar o efeito de dois tipos de telas... / Four experiments were conducted to assess the effect of shading and painting of roofs improving thermal comfort in reduced models of poultry houses. In all the experiments were used with roofing cement tile, new, no asbestos cement, with 4.0 mm thick. The first experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), campus of São Luís, where were tested five types of coverage: 1 - no shading, no paint (STSP - control), 2 - with shading 0.05 m in height tile, unpainted (CT5SP) 3 - with shading 0.05 m in height tile with painting (CT5CP) 4 - with shading 0.08 m in height tile, unpainted (CT8SP) and 5 – with shading 0.08 m height of the tile with painting (CT8CP). Were evaluated the index of black globe temperature and humidity (BGTHI), the Heat Load (HL) and the specific enthalpy (H). The readings of meteorological variables (black globe temperature, dry bulb, wet bulb temperatures and wind speed) were measured during 12 experimental days (from nov. 4th to 15th, 2009) at 10:00, 12:00, 14: 00 and 16:00 hours. The type of coverage CT5SP had the lowest values for BGTHI (79,81) and H (78,84 KJ.Kg-1 dry air). The best result for CTRcorr (480,12 W.m-2) was presented by treatment CT5CP. The second experiment was conducted at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), campus of Jaboticabal, where were tested the same types of coverages of Experiment 1. The collection and recording of meteorological variables were performed for 40 days (from feb. 13th to 24th, 2010), at the same times of Experiment 1. The type coverage that provided smaller results for the BGTHI (83,86) and H (86,41 KJ.Kg-1 dry air) was CT8CP. The lower HL (549,52 W.m-2) was verified with the coverage CT5CP. The third experiment aimed at assessing the effect of two types of shading screens (50 and 80%) on the thermal comfort... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:40:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 816611 bytes, checksum: 4117bbf74011ab28c0f0fccd2227f005 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work analyzes Erico Veríssimo as a translator of Point counter point (1928) by Aldous Huxley in Globe Publishing House. His translation, Contraponto (1934), is analyzed in the context of translation and ideology of Vargas Age, a nationalist and authoritarian government. The methodology is developed via cultural transferences, and it intends to comprehend the trajectory of Erico Veríssimo as a translator and remake the translation process of Point counter point. The profile of the translator Veríssimo is initially traced through his first experiences at Globe Magazine, where he published rapid translations, inventing pseudonyms for them. Later on, he published translations of books internationally known and the translation process occurred in an elevated and more elaborated standard. The route and the choice of Contraponto translation initially presented an editorial audacity of Veríssimo, who risked commercially, once the literary work was dense and the author was not known in Brazil. However, it was a decisive point to the translator Veríssimo and to the divulgation of Huxley in Brazil. Contraponto became a best-seller and an editorial milestone. It was published in the Nobel Collection, which brings to the ordinary reader and the intellectuals of that epoch the translation of literary works of international repercussion, raising and enriching culturally its public. The editorial policy of Globe in translating the world classics is linked to the nationalist ideals of Vargas in valuing the role of vernacular language and the education in the search for an identity for the Nation. In a selective textual analysis from the concepts of specific cultural items in translation by Aixelá and the Theory of Polisystems, it is highlighted that translation is marked by conservation strategy (repetition), in a tendency of adequacy. The translation of Veríssimo permits the visualization of marks of foreign culture. Moreover, it does not nationalize cultural specificities, adding new information to the reader. With the concepts of translation and ideology brought by Lefevere, it is understood that rewriting can be inspired by ideological motivations. Therefore, it could be associated that Contraponto approaches ideological questions related to fascism, linking them to Vargas Age, with which had totalitarian similarities. / Este trabalho analisa Erico Veríssimo enquanto tradutor na Editora Globo da obra Point counter point (1928), de Aldous Huxley, intitulada Contraponto (1934), no contexto da tradução e ideologia no Regime Vargas, governo autoritário e nacionalista. A metodologia é desenvolvida via transferências culturais, buscando compreender a trajetória de Erico Veríssimo como tradutor e refazer o processo tradutório da obra de Huxley. O perfil do tradutor Veríssimo é traçado inicialmente através de suas primeiras experiências na Revista do Globo, onde lançava no mercado traduções rápidas, inventando pseudônimos para as mesmas; e, posteriormente, com a publicação de traduções de obras de renome internacional, onde o processo tradutório ocorria num padrão elevado e mais elaborado. O percurso e a escolha da tradução Contraponto representam inicialmente uma ousadia editorial de Veríssimo, arriscando-se comercialmente, uma vez que a obra era densa e o autor desconhecido no Brasil; e, de fato, foi um ponto decisivo para Veríssimo tradutor e para a divulgação de Huxley no Brasil. Contraponto foi sucesso de vendas e um marco editorial, publicado na coleção Nobel, que levava ao leitor médio e aos intelectuais da época as traduções de repercussão internacional, formando e enriquecendo culturalmente seu público. A política editorial da Globo de traduzir os clássicos mundiais coaduna com os ideais nacionalistas de Vargas de valorizar o papel da língua vernácula e da educação na busca da identidade da Nação. Numa análise textual seletiva a partir dos conceitos dos itens culturais específicos em tradução trazidos por Aixelá e da teoria de polissistemas, destacamos que a tradução é marcada pela estratégia de conservação (repetição), numa tendência à adequação. Sua tradução permite a visualização das marcas da cultura estrangeira, não nacionaliza especificidades culturais, acrescentando informações novas ao leitor. Com os conceitos de tradução e ideologia advindos de Lefevere, entendemos que a reescritura pode ser inspirada por motivações ideológicas, logo podemos associar o fato de Contraponto tratar de questões ideológicas ligadas ao fascismo com o Governo Vargas, que possuía semelhanças totalitaristas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanieleEP.pdf: 3484438 bytes, checksum: abb432e59f7bf710af1ca5618f255cda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-22 / The following dissertation has as its main advantage the privilege of visualizing the literacy processes through the angle of the functional perspective, which does not see the literary process as a practice solely based on the decoding of alphabetical codes, and then allows for the opening of ample spaces for the allocation of mathematical skills in the realms of the functional literacy. The main object of this study was to investigate which are the contributions that a sequence of activities and of methodologies developed for the teaching of Geometry could provide for a part of the functional literacy process in mathematics of youngsters and adults of EJA, corresponding to the acquisition or to the improvement of skills related to the orientation capacity. The focus of the analyses consisted in the practice of these activities with the young and adult students of an EJA class belonging to a municipal public school of Natal/RN. The legacies of Paulo Freire about the redimensioning of the role of the teacher, of the students, of the knowledge and of their connections within the teaching-learning process, prevailed in the actions of the methodology implemented in the classroom and, especially, in the establishing of dialogic connections with the students, which directed all the observations and analyses regarding the collected information. The results indicated that the composition of articulations between the teaching of mathematics and the exploration of maps and the earth globe enabled the creation of multidisciplinary learning environments and situations, where we could observe, gradually, the development of procedures and attitudes indicating the evolution of space-visual type skills / A disserta??o que se apresenta tem como pressuposto principal a prerrogativa de visualizar os processos de alfabetiza??o sob o ?ngulo da perspectiva funcional, fato que destitui o alfabetismo de ser uma pr?tica unicamente vinculada ? decodifica??o de c?digos alfab?ticos e permite a abertura de amplos espa?os para a aloca??o de habilidades matem?ticas nos dom?nios da alfabetiza??o funcional. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi investigar quais as contribui??es que uma seq??ncia de atividades e de metodologias elaboradas para o ensino de Geometria poderiam proporcionar a uma parcela do processo de alfabetiza??o funcional em matem?tica de jovens e adultos da EJA, correspondente ? aquisi??o ou ao aprimoramento de habilidades relativas ? capacidade de orienta??o. O foco das an?lises consistiu na efetiva??o dessas atividades junto aos alunos jovens e adultos de uma classe de EJA pertencente a uma escola p?blica municipal de Natal/RN. Prevaleceram os legados de Paulo Freire sobre o redimensionamento do papel do educador, dos educandos, do conhecimento e de suas conex?es dentro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, nos encaminhamentos da metodologia utilizada na sala de aula e, principalmente, no estabelecimento de liga??es dial?gicas com os alunos, as quais direcionaram todas as observa??es e an?lises a respeito das informa??es obtidas. Os resultados indicaram que a composi??o de articula??es entre o ensino de matem?tica e a explora??o de mapas e do globo terrestre favoreceu a cria??o de ambientes e situa??es de aprendizagem multidisciplinares, onde verificamos, gradativamente, o desenvolvimento de procedimentos e atitudes indicativos da evolu??o de habilidades do tipo espa?o-visual