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Människan bidrar med en stor klimatpåverkan som ger upphov till bland annat klimatförändringar vilka har börjat påverka natur, djur och människor. Livsmedelsindustrin orsakar till följd av våra konsumtionsvanor stor klimatpåverkan. Många studier har visat att stor påverkan kommer från kött- och mejeriprodukter. Medan kött- och mejeriprodukter är en källa till protein och vitaminer så finns det andra livsmedel utan dessa positiva egenskaper som också utgör en. Syftet med denna studie var att försöka bestämma den klimatiska påverkan orsakad av konsumtion av godis, chips och läsk och sätta denna i relation till den klimatiska påverkan man får av andra livsmedel. Vidare undersöktes inställning gällande livsmedelsval i förhållande till miljöfrågor hos två studentgrupper (naturvetare och ekonomer). För att undersöka klimatpåverkan användes livscykelanalysprogrammet SimaPro. För att undersöka studenters inställning till miljöskäl i relation till livsmedelsval användes en enkät. Resultatet visade att Sveriges konsumtion av dessa livsmedel gav ett utsläpp på närmare 2 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter. Denna siffra kan jämföras med Sveriges konsumtion av nötkött som ger upphov till 11 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter. Resultatet visar också att de viktigaste faktorerna vid val av livsmedel för studiedeltagarna var att de var hälsosamma och prisvärda. Ungefär 50 % av deltagarna avstod vid enkättillfället från något livsmedel av miljöskäl och vanligast var att de avstod från någon köttprodukt och minst vanligt var godis. De tre vanligaste anledningarna till att de avstod från livsmedel var tillsatser, bekämpningsmedel och utsläpp av växthusgaser. Ungefär 90 % av deltagarna kunde i framtiden tänka sig att avstå från livsmedel för miljön. De viktigaste faktorerna som kunde motivera studenterna att göra mer miljömedvetna val var bekämpningsmedel, utsläpp av växthusgaser och bevarande av regnskog. / Humans contribute with a large environmental impact which has started to affect nature, animals and people. The food industry causes, due to our consumption habits, a large environmental impact. Many studies have shown that a large part of that impact from the food industry can be related to meat- and dairy products. While meat and dairy products are a source to proteins and vitamins there are other food supplies without these positive affects which causes environmental impact. The purpose of this study was to try to determine the climatic impact caused by consumption of candy, chips and soda and put it in relation to the climatic impact of other foods. Further, an investigation regarding students (economic and environmental scientists) attitude according to environmental question related to food choices were performed. To investigate the environmental impact the lifecycle analysis program SimaPro was used. To investigate student’s attitude a survey was established. The result showed that the Swedish consumption of crisps, sweets and soda caused emissions estimated to 2 million tons carbon dioxide equivalents. That is a number that can be compared to the Swedish consumption of beef that causes emissions estimated to 11 million tons carbon dioxide equivalents. The result also shows that the most important factors regarding food choices among the study group were that the food was healthy and priceworthy. About 50 % of the responders refrained from any food of environmental reasons and the most commonly refrained product were meat and the least commonly refrained product were candy. The three most common reasons to the refrain were additives, pesticides and emissions of greenhouse gases. About 90 % of the respondents could consider refraining food to advantage of the environment. The factors that were noted as important were pesticides, greenhouse gas emissions and preserves of the rainforests.

Summary                                                               Overweight and obesity in Sweden and in the rest of the industrialized world continues to increase. This results in increased costs both to society and the healthcare system. Part of this development is the increasing consumption of sugar and that is what should be restricted to tackle this growing social problem. Part of the increased consumption of sugar in Sweden was the launch of pick and mix ingrocery stores.  This study aims to examine how store managers look at their public health responsibilities, and investigate how managers of grocery stores think about health and health aspects in general and about the sugar consumption in particular. Semi-structured "face to face" interviews was used to collect data and seven grocery store managers participated in the study. The interviews were analyzed using concentration of sentences that involves compiling the interviewees' statements into shorter formulations. Results of the study showed that all the store managers claimed to take the health responsibilities that can be expected of them. The health aspects taken into account by the store managers were that they provided good organic and locally produced groceries and that some of them had collaboration with a dietician or people with other professions related to food. It was considered easy to buy good and healthy food by all store managers. The question regarding the introduction of a sugar tax divided the store managers, 4 of them were positive to taxation, while 3 of them were more hesitant about its effects. The conclusion of this study is that store managers are taking some responsibility to the public health by providing healthy alternatives. However there is much more they can do to reduce sugar consumption among the population, thus contributing to an important public health work.

Cette thèse décrit la conception d’un système de dialogue Homme- Machine pour la recherche d’informations capable d’interagir avec l’utilisateur en langue naturelle en utilisant des stratégies coopératives. Pour étudier les processus dialogiques impliqués dans la recherche d’informations, une méthodologie ascendante a été adoptée. Une série d’expérimentations a permis le recueil de corpus de dialogues humains présentant de telles recherches dans le cadre du système de documentation médicale CISMeF. L’analyse des dialogues recueillis a montré que leur structure correspond bien aux structures sémantiques de l’approche « questionsréponses ». Fondé sur un modèle existant nommé GoDIS, notre système y intègre de nombreux ajouts permettant d’améliorer la cohérence du dialogue et de proposer des exemples, des choix, des assistances. Une implémentation de ce modèle est réalisée et des pistes d’évaluation sont proposées. / This thesis describes the design of a computer-human dialog system for information search. This system is able to interact with the user in natural language using cooperative strategies. To study the dialog processes involved during information search, a bottom-up approach was adopted. Experiments have been set up to obtain human dialogs related to such searches in the context of the health information system CISMeF. It turns out that the structure arising from the analysis of the dialogs matches a semantic approach called “issue-based dialog”. Starting from the model GoDIS, our artificial agent model adds several enhancements that allow to propose examples, assistance and choices. The model is implemented and some elements of evaluation are discussed.