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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-09T11:38:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Guilherme Silveira de Almeida Santos - 2013.pdf: 413472 bytes, checksum: 2613ed31d953050394ce6d727fb4ad1e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-09T14:46:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Guilherme Silveira de Almeida Santos - 2013.pdf: 413472 bytes, checksum: 2613ed31d953050394ce6d727fb4ad1e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Guilherme Silveira de Almeida Santos - 2013.pdf: 413472 bytes, checksum: 2613ed31d953050394ce6d727fb4ad1e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-05 / The concept of intentional stance, a very important concept of Daniel Dennett’s philosophical thought, is a central aspect to a naturalized viewpoint of intentionality. There are three levels to predicting the behavior of an object: 1) The physical stance, at this level, the prediction is based on the physical properties or physical laws. 2) The design stance, at this level, the prediction is based on the function of an object. 3) The intentional stance, at this level, the object is considered a intentional agent, that has belief, thinking and intention. More over, from Dennett’s point of view, the naturalization of intentionality is the way to the possibility of construction of computers that will have intentional behavior. Also, the development of intelligent computers is the objective of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research. And also, is important to show the refutations of two skeptical arguments that try to prove the impossibility of machines intentionality. Two arguments against some aspects of AI research are the Gödel’s theorem argument and the chinese room argument. The objective of dissertation is show that the concept pf intentional stance is a possibility to construction of artificial intentional agents. / O conceito de postura intencional, um conceito de suma importância no pensamento filosófico de Daniel Dennett, é um aspecto central para um ponto de vista naturalizado da intencionalidade. Há três modos distintos para predizer o comportamento de um objeto: 1) A postura física, através da qual a predição é feita baseando-se nas propriedades físicas ou leis físicas 2) A postura de projeto, onde consideramos a função de um objeto. 3) A postura intencional, através da qual consideramos um objeto como um agente intencional, dotado de crenças, pensamentos e intenções. Adicionalmente, do ponto de vista de Dennett,em parte, a naturalização da intencionalidade é o caminho para a possibilidade de construção de computadores que apresentarão comportamento intencional. Comparativamente, o desenvolvimento de computadores inteligentes é o objetivo da pesquisa de inteligência artificial ( IA). Ademais, é importante mostrar as refutações de dois argumentos céticos que tentam provar a impossibilidade da intencionalidade em máquinas. Dois argumentos críticos a certos aspectos da pesquisa de IA são o argumento do teorema de Gödel e o argumento do quarto chinês. O objetivo da dissertação é mostrar que o conceito de postura intencional é uma possibilidade para a construção de agentes intencionais artificiais.

In this thesis we have shown that a seemingly complicated mathematical structure can exhibit 'tame behaviour'. The structure we have dealt with is a field (a space in which there are addition and multiplication which satisfy natural properties) together with a dense subset (a subset which has spread in all parts of the this set, as Q does in R) and a discrete subset (a subset comprised of single points which keep certain distances from one another). This tameness is essentially with regards to not being trapped with the 'Godel phenomeonon' as the Peano arithmetic does.

Orientador: Jose Alexandre D. Guerzoni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T17:18:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Medeiros_MariadaPazNunesde_M.pdf: 11561835 bytes, checksum: 796aa2239da6be1c2ac924de8e4f3502 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: Em 1931. GOdel apresentou dois Teoremas de Incompletude que. indiscutivelmente. foram os resultados mais importantes da Lógica no início deste século. Pretende-se. neste trabalho. apresentar uma demonstração detalhada do primeiro teorema, na qual. Essa todas as fórmulas envol vidas sejam explicitadas. demonstração baseia-se na idéi a de auto-referência. Considera-se simultaneamente uma teoria (Teoria formal C Ar i tméti ca de Peano) e uma Intuitiva dos Números) para mostrar, via godelização. que as propriedades e operações de cunho sintático-morfol6gico da teoria formal são representáveis nela própria. Garantida essa representação através de um Teor ema de Completude Parcial. demonstra-se o primeiro teorema a partir do Lema da Diagonal, para em seguida apresentar a demonstração usual do segundo. que pressupõe a formalização de certas condições de derivabilidade / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

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For all the successes of the two edifices of modern physics, quantum theory and Einstein's relativity, a fundamental description of the Universe as a whole -- a theory that informs as to the true nature of reality -- has continued to elude science. This thesis describes the development and evolution of a new paradigm called Process Physics, a radical information-theoretic modelling of reality. It is argued that the failure of the extant approaches in physics is the direct consequence of limitations stemming from the mathematization, language and methodology of theoretical physics: the limitations of the postulated background spatial concepts and geometric modelling of time, the limitations of quantum theory in its failure to account for the measurement process and classicality; and the limitations of formal systems. In contrast, Process Physics utilizes the limitations of logic first identified by Godel and asserts the priority of process and relational endophysics, realized via a stochastic, autopoietic bootstrap system whose properties emerge a posteriori rather than being assumed a priori. The work is arranged in two parts. Part I discusses the historical, philosophical, and metaphysical foundations of physics to consider how the prevailing views in modern physics arose and what this revealed and contributed to the development of Process Physics. Part II describes the fundamentals of the new theory and its implementation, and demonstrates the viability of looking outside the current paradigms by showing that Process Physics yields unified emergent phenomena that permit an understanding of fundamental processes and penultimately motivate both quantum theory and relativity as relevant higher-level descriptors within their respective domains.

This thesis is focused on the derivation of a new approach to business. Emphasis is put on organizations contributing to both economic success as well as social progress.  This dual financial and social value creation is referred to as social entrepreneurship. Increased attention and inclusiveness of the concept has led to confusion regarding the means of organizations acting within the recited phenomenon. Organizations are met with skepticism and are questioned in the matters of legitimacy. Differences of opinion centralize on whether companies invest these resources because it is demanded, because it strengthens the brand or simply because it is the responsibility of the corporation. The perception of legitimacy is dependent on the support the organization receives from its different constituencies. To explore social entrepreneurship, a case study was conducted. This case study was executed through a consumer perspective, seeing as legitimacy is upheld by the perception of the organizations immediate audience. The case company used, GodEl, operates using traditional business models with the purpose of maximizing profits. However, 100% of their earned dividend is donated to various charity organizations. This study is set out with the ambition to gain an understanding of a corporation operating within social entrepreneurship. The conclusions imply that the customers of GodEl legitimize their choice through diverse legitimizing dimensions. The findings indicate that pragmatic legitimacy is a stronger legitimizing dimension than moral legitimacy. These conclusions imply that larger emphasis is given to consumer self-interest, rather than the consequences and judgment of the organizations accomplishments. The ways in which customers legitimize their choices, may also be argued as the same factors affecting GodEls legitimacy regarding their operations.

“Homeomorphic'' is the standard equivalence relation in topology. To a topologist, spaces which are homeomorphic to each other aren't merely similar to each other, they are the same space. We study a class of functions which are homeomorphic at “most'' of the points of their domains and codomains, but which may fail to satisfy some of the properties required to be a homeomorphism at a “small'' portion of the points of these spaces. Such functions we call “almost homeomorphisms.'' One of the nice properties of almost homeomorphisms is the preservation of almost open sets, i.e. sets which are “close'' to being open, except for a “small'' set of points where the set is “defective.'' We also find a surprising result that all non-empty, perfect, Polish spaces are almost homeomorphic to each other.A standard technique in algebraic topology is to pass between a continuous map between topological spaces and the corresponding homomorphism of fundamental groups using the π1 functor. It is a non-trivial question to ask when a specific homomorphism is induced by a continuous map; that is, what is the image of the π1 functor on homomorphisms?We will call homomorphisms in the image of the π1 functor “tangible homomorphisms'' and call homomorphisms that are not induced by continuous functions “intangible homomorphisms.'' For example, Conner and Spencer used ultrafilters to prove there is a map from HEG to Z2 not induced by any continuous function f : HE→ Y , where Y is some topological space with π1(Y ) = Z2. However, in standard situations, such as when the domain is a simplicial complex, only tangible homomorphisms appear..Our job is to describe conditions when intangible homomorphisms exist and how easily these maps can be constructed. We use methods from Shelah and Pawlikowski to prove that Conner and Spencer could not have constructed these homomorphisms with a weak version of the Axiom of Choice. This leads us to define and examine a class of pathological objects that cannot be constructed without a strong version of the Axiom of Choice, which we call the class of inscrutable objects. Objects that do not need a strong version of the Axiom of Choice are scrutable. We show that the scrutable homomorphisms from the fundamental group of a Peano continuum are exactly the homomorphisms induced by a continuous function.

<p>I och med framväxten av samhällsentreprenörer har ett nytt begrepp introducerats påden svenska marknaden. Det handlar om den nya generationen företagare som sermöjligheten i att tjäna pengar samtidigt som de driver verksamheter som skapar ettmervärde för samhället. Samhällsentreprenörerna i Sverige står dock framför ett problem,att på ett hållbart sätt finansiera sin verksamhet.Denna studie syftar till att kartlägga hur finansieringen av svenska samhällsentreprenörerser ut. Undersökningen bygger på en kvalitativ studie där vi har undersökt tresvenska verksamheter, som faller under definitionen ”samhällsentreprenör”. Ämnet ärfortfarande relativt nytt och okänt och det har därför inte bedrivits mycket forskningkring detta. Vi har därför, som underlag för vår undersökning, använt oss av en studiesom gjordes 2003 i Storbritannien.Då vi endast undersökt tre verksamheter har vi inte kunnat dra några generella slutsatserför hela den svenska marknaden. Dock indikerar resultatet av vår undersökning attden svenska marknaden, för att finansiera denna typ av verksamhet, är bristfällig och ibehov av utveckling. För såväl förutsättningarna som efterfrågan på samhällsentreprenörerfinns redan idag och denna grupp företagare ser ut att öka inom den närmasteframtiden.</p>

I och med framväxten av samhällsentreprenörer har ett nytt begrepp introducerats påden svenska marknaden. Det handlar om den nya generationen företagare som sermöjligheten i att tjäna pengar samtidigt som de driver verksamheter som skapar ettmervärde för samhället. Samhällsentreprenörerna i Sverige står dock framför ett problem,att på ett hållbart sätt finansiera sin verksamhet.Denna studie syftar till att kartlägga hur finansieringen av svenska samhällsentreprenörerser ut. Undersökningen bygger på en kvalitativ studie där vi har undersökt tresvenska verksamheter, som faller under definitionen ”samhällsentreprenör”. Ämnet ärfortfarande relativt nytt och okänt och det har därför inte bedrivits mycket forskningkring detta. Vi har därför, som underlag för vår undersökning, använt oss av en studiesom gjordes 2003 i Storbritannien.Då vi endast undersökt tre verksamheter har vi inte kunnat dra några generella slutsatserför hela den svenska marknaden. Dock indikerar resultatet av vår undersökning attden svenska marknaden, för att finansiera denna typ av verksamhet, är bristfällig och ibehov av utveckling. För såväl förutsättningarna som efterfrågan på samhällsentreprenörerfinns redan idag och denna grupp företagare ser ut att öka inom den närmasteframtiden.