Thesis title: Evaluation of postural stability and postural strategy in obese people Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate postural stability using computer posturography in obese people and assess whether three-month exercise training with a focus on sensorimotor stimulation has an effect on postural stability. Methods: This is a cross-sectional experimental study. The research group consisted of 20 probands aged 30 to 62 years with BMI values of 31.1-53.5 kg / m2, from which the general posturography was evaluated. The effect of sensorimotor training was subsequently assessed of 13 probands, who were divided into two groups - interventional (n = 6) and control (n = 7). The measurement was performed using static computer posturography and computer goniometry processed by the freeStep software system. To compare the effect of sensorimotor training, measurements were performed twice in the intervention and control groups, over a period of approximately three months. Postural stability was evaluated based on the Sway test. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24 software. Statistical significance was determined at the level of α = 0.05, the result where p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: General posturography in the research group showed a...

The title of the master thesis: Clinical evaluation of ROM of shoulder joint in cadet and junior category players of so-called overhead sports Abstract in English language: The goal of this thesis is to elucidate whether the "overhead" athletes like handballers and volleyballers suffer from extension changes and local hypermobility in their shoulder joints. These changes are going to be described by trigonometric measurements and hypermobility tests by Sachse. It is going to be determined which "overhead" athletes are affected the most. Their sex is going to be taken into consideration. The theoretical part of the thesis describes selected "overhead" sports and their strain on a human body from a kinesiologic point of view. Especially the impact of offensive blows in volleyball and throws in handball on shoulder joints are going to be examined. The thesis is going to examine a shoulder girdle from an anatomy, kinesiology, biomechanics, and physiology point of view. A chapter focused on hypermobility and it is classification is included too. 95 people without a prior injury of a shoulder joint in the age from 16 to 19 years old including 73 "overhead" athletes were tested. There were 30 men, 40 women, 34 handballers, and 39 volleyballers. In the control group, there were 22 people, of which 11 men and 11...

As crianças com deficiência visual são privadas dos estímulos provenientes da visão, os quais fornecem experiências importantes no seu desenvolvimento motor e que resultam no desenvolvimento estrutural do corpo. Alguns estudos sugerem que a falta destes estímulos resultam em alterações na postura e mobilidade. No entanto, apesar de descritos na literatura ainda não é possível definir a postura e avaliar a mobilidade articular na população de crianças com problemas oculares, visto que as mensurações têm sido realizadas com objetivo apenas de detectar as alterações. Fato que compromete a reprodutibilidade e a repetibilidade dos métodos e impossibilita possíveis comparações entre os dados. Deste modo, é de grande necessidade a verificação das consequências da falta ou déficit da visão na postura, mobilidade, flexibilidade e impressão plantar na tentativa de intervir precocemente e reduzir ou abrandar possíveis alterações posturais e consequentemente evitar que estas alterações perdurem ou se agravem na vida adulta. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi comparar a postura, mobilidade, flexibilidade e impressão plantar de crianças com deficiência visual com crianças sem deficiência visual. Foram estudadas 74 crianças de ambos os sexos na faixa etária de 5 a 12 anos. Destas 34 apresentavam deficiência visual (GDV) e 40 eram crianças controle (GC). Fotos digitais da posição ortostática foram utilizadas para analisar a postura. As variáveis posturais inclinação da cabeça, postura do ombro, postura da escápula, desvio lateral da coluna, postura do joelho, postura do tornozelo no plano frontal e postura da cabeça, postura do ombro, ângulo da cifose torácica, ângulo da lordose lombar, postura da pelve, postura do joelho no plano sagital foram mensurados com auxílio do software SAPO* v. 0.63® e de marcadores previamente colocados em referências ósseas pré-determinadas. A goniometria do ombro e quadril foi realizada de forma ativa e passiva. O teste do 3º dedo ao solo foi utilizado para mensurar a flexibilidade e o Índice Chippaux Smirak foi utilizado para avaliar a impressão plantar. Os principais resultados deste estudo mostraram que as crianças com deficiência visual apresentam maior inclinação da cabeça (p< 0,001), inclinação no ombro (p=0,004), desvio lateral da coluna (p< 0,001), alterações na postura da escápula (p=0,012), maior cifose torácica (p=0,004) e menor lordose lombar (p<0,001). Além de maior amplitude articular de rotação medial de ombro ativo (p=0,001) e passivo (p=0,001), maior amplitude articular de rotação lateral (p<0,001) e medial (p=0,005) de quadril de forma passiva. Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças na flexibilidade (p=0,945) e impressão plantar (p= 0,446). Conclui-se que a falta ou déficit visual influencia a mobilidade e a postura, visto que crianças com deficiência visual apresentam maior inclinação da cabeça, maior desnivelamento dos ombros, maior desvio lateral da coluna, hipercifose torácica, menor lordose lombar e joelhos mais valgos, além de maior mobilidade de rotação medial ativa e passiva de ombros e rotação medial e lateral passiva de quadris. No entanto, a condição criança deficiente visual não altera a flexibilidade e o arco longitudinal medial / Children with visual impairment are deprived of visual stimuli from the view, which provide important experiences in the child\'s motor development that result in the structural development of the body. Some studies suggest that lack of these stimuli result in changes in posture and mobility. However, although described in the literature is not yet possible to define the position and assess joint mobility in the population of children with eye problems, since the measurements have been performed only in order to detect changes. Fact that compromises the reproducibility and repeatability of the methods and prevents possible comparisons between the data. Thus, it is very necessary to verify the consequences of failure or shortage of vision in posture, mobility and flexibility in an attempt to intervene early and reduce or mitigate potential postural changes and therefore prevent these changes endure or worsen in adulthood. The objective of this study was to compare the posture, mobility, flexibility and footprint of children with visual impairments with sighted children. We studied 74 children of both sexes aged 5 to 12 years. Of these 34 had visual impairment (GDV) and 40 were children (CG). Digital photos of the standing position were used to analyze posture. The variables postural head tilt, shoulder posture, scapula posture, lateral deviation of the spine, knee posture, ankle posture in the frontal plane and head posture, shoulder posture, thoracic kyphosis angle, lumbar lordosis angle, pelvis posture, knee posture in the sagittal plane were measured using the Postural Assessment Software (PAS/SAPO) and markers previously placed on bone references predetermined. The goniometry made an active and passive was used to evaluate the mobility of shoulder and hip. The Fingertip-to-Floor Test was used to measure the flexibility and Smirak Chippaux Index was used to evaluate the footprints. The main results of this study showed that children with visual impairment have a higher inclination of the head (p <0.001), the shoulder slope (p = 0.004), lateral deviation of the spine (p <0.001), changes in posture of the scapula (p = 0.012), increased thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.004) and lower lumbar lordosis (p <0.001). Increased joint range of active (p = 0.001) and passive (p = 0.001) shoulder internal rotation and greater range of motion of passive hip external (p <0.001) and medial (p = 0.005) rotation. The groups showed no difference in flexibility (p = 0.945) and footprints (p = 0.446). Although the percentage of flat arch foot was higher in patients with visual impairment (38.2%) compared to the control group (22.5%). We concluded that the lack or low vision affects the mobility and posture, as visual impairment children have a higher inclination of the head, shoulder asymmetries, lateral spine deviation, a higher thoracic kyphosis, less lumbar lordosis and a higher valgus knees, and an increase mobility of active and passive medial rotation of shoulders and passive medial and lateral rotation of the hips. However, the visually impaired children condition does not change the flexibility and medial longitudinal arch

As crianças com deficiência visual são privadas dos estímulos provenientes da visão, os quais fornecem experiências importantes no seu desenvolvimento motor e que resultam no desenvolvimento estrutural do corpo. Alguns estudos sugerem que a falta destes estímulos resultam em alterações na postura e mobilidade. No entanto, apesar de descritos na literatura ainda não é possível definir a postura e avaliar a mobilidade articular na população de crianças com problemas oculares, visto que as mensurações têm sido realizadas com objetivo apenas de detectar as alterações. Fato que compromete a reprodutibilidade e a repetibilidade dos métodos e impossibilita possíveis comparações entre os dados. Deste modo, é de grande necessidade a verificação das consequências da falta ou déficit da visão na postura, mobilidade, flexibilidade e impressão plantar na tentativa de intervir precocemente e reduzir ou abrandar possíveis alterações posturais e consequentemente evitar que estas alterações perdurem ou se agravem na vida adulta. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi comparar a postura, mobilidade, flexibilidade e impressão plantar de crianças com deficiência visual com crianças sem deficiência visual. Foram estudadas 74 crianças de ambos os sexos na faixa etária de 5 a 12 anos. Destas 34 apresentavam deficiência visual (GDV) e 40 eram crianças controle (GC). Fotos digitais da posição ortostática foram utilizadas para analisar a postura. As variáveis posturais inclinação da cabeça, postura do ombro, postura da escápula, desvio lateral da coluna, postura do joelho, postura do tornozelo no plano frontal e postura da cabeça, postura do ombro, ângulo da cifose torácica, ângulo da lordose lombar, postura da pelve, postura do joelho no plano sagital foram mensurados com auxílio do software SAPO* v. 0.63® e de marcadores previamente colocados em referências ósseas pré-determinadas. A goniometria do ombro e quadril foi realizada de forma ativa e passiva. O teste do 3º dedo ao solo foi utilizado para mensurar a flexibilidade e o Índice Chippaux Smirak foi utilizado para avaliar a impressão plantar. Os principais resultados deste estudo mostraram que as crianças com deficiência visual apresentam maior inclinação da cabeça (p< 0,001), inclinação no ombro (p=0,004), desvio lateral da coluna (p< 0,001), alterações na postura da escápula (p=0,012), maior cifose torácica (p=0,004) e menor lordose lombar (p<0,001). Além de maior amplitude articular de rotação medial de ombro ativo (p=0,001) e passivo (p=0,001), maior amplitude articular de rotação lateral (p<0,001) e medial (p=0,005) de quadril de forma passiva. Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças na flexibilidade (p=0,945) e impressão plantar (p= 0,446). Conclui-se que a falta ou déficit visual influencia a mobilidade e a postura, visto que crianças com deficiência visual apresentam maior inclinação da cabeça, maior desnivelamento dos ombros, maior desvio lateral da coluna, hipercifose torácica, menor lordose lombar e joelhos mais valgos, além de maior mobilidade de rotação medial ativa e passiva de ombros e rotação medial e lateral passiva de quadris. No entanto, a condição criança deficiente visual não altera a flexibilidade e o arco longitudinal medial / Children with visual impairment are deprived of visual stimuli from the view, which provide important experiences in the child\'s motor development that result in the structural development of the body. Some studies suggest that lack of these stimuli result in changes in posture and mobility. However, although described in the literature is not yet possible to define the position and assess joint mobility in the population of children with eye problems, since the measurements have been performed only in order to detect changes. Fact that compromises the reproducibility and repeatability of the methods and prevents possible comparisons between the data. Thus, it is very necessary to verify the consequences of failure or shortage of vision in posture, mobility and flexibility in an attempt to intervene early and reduce or mitigate potential postural changes and therefore prevent these changes endure or worsen in adulthood. The objective of this study was to compare the posture, mobility, flexibility and footprint of children with visual impairments with sighted children. We studied 74 children of both sexes aged 5 to 12 years. Of these 34 had visual impairment (GDV) and 40 were children (CG). Digital photos of the standing position were used to analyze posture. The variables postural head tilt, shoulder posture, scapula posture, lateral deviation of the spine, knee posture, ankle posture in the frontal plane and head posture, shoulder posture, thoracic kyphosis angle, lumbar lordosis angle, pelvis posture, knee posture in the sagittal plane were measured using the Postural Assessment Software (PAS/SAPO) and markers previously placed on bone references predetermined. The goniometry made an active and passive was used to evaluate the mobility of shoulder and hip. The Fingertip-to-Floor Test was used to measure the flexibility and Smirak Chippaux Index was used to evaluate the footprints. The main results of this study showed that children with visual impairment have a higher inclination of the head (p <0.001), the shoulder slope (p = 0.004), lateral deviation of the spine (p <0.001), changes in posture of the scapula (p = 0.012), increased thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.004) and lower lumbar lordosis (p <0.001). Increased joint range of active (p = 0.001) and passive (p = 0.001) shoulder internal rotation and greater range of motion of passive hip external (p <0.001) and medial (p = 0.005) rotation. The groups showed no difference in flexibility (p = 0.945) and footprints (p = 0.446). Although the percentage of flat arch foot was higher in patients with visual impairment (38.2%) compared to the control group (22.5%). We concluded that the lack or low vision affects the mobility and posture, as visual impairment children have a higher inclination of the head, shoulder asymmetries, lateral spine deviation, a higher thoracic kyphosis, less lumbar lordosis and a higher valgus knees, and an increase mobility of active and passive medial rotation of shoulders and passive medial and lateral rotation of the hips. However, the visually impaired children condition does not change the flexibility and medial longitudinal arch

Fascial tissues form a continuous whole-body three-dimensional network penetrating all parts of the human body. They include all fibrous connective tissue that significantly contributes both to themaintaining of the integrity of the organism and the functioning of body systems and the somesthetic perception.That is because of the facia is richly populated by proprioceptiveand mechanosensitive nociceptive nerve endings. Although the stretching is a routine method used in sports and rehabilitation, its exact mechanism of influence and effects on the body are not fully understood so far. Stretching exercises affect the mechanical state of the myofascial tissues and also the quality of the nociception and proprioception by alteration of their preload. There is evidence about some differences of the mechanical properties of the tissuesboth between thesexes and hypermobile individuals. The theses assesses the effect of static stretching m. QF on the somesthetic perception by measuring pressure pain threshold (PPT) using pressure algometry and the quality of propcioception bygoniometric measurement considering the interindividual variance in quality of the connective tissues. Our research includes testing of 29 healthy subjects (14 women and 15 men) and it has proved significant impact of the intervention on the...

Cette thèse porte sur la conception d’un système de mesure in-situ permettant de détecter les perturbations variables dans l’environnement proche d’un réseau d’antennes. Une première partie est consacrée à l’étude du bénéfice d’un tel système appliqué à un réseau de goniométrie. Une étude quantitative de la dégradation des performances de goniométrie sur porteur en présence d’obstacles variables est réalisée. Le deuxième point majeur de cette thèse est le choix de la technologie pour la conception du système de diagnostic. La Technique de diffusion modulée par l’optique (OMS) est sélectionnée. Un modèle de prédiction de la puissance rétrodiffusée par la sonde OMS a été élaboré afin de choisir la dimension de sonde optimale. Suite aux études théoriques, une sonde de 12 cm chargée par la photodiode (PDCS30T) a été réalisée. Des mesures en chambre anéchoïque ont été menées afin de valider le bilan de liaison et mesurer la sensibilité de la sonde à des obstacles proches. Finalement, une étude est réalisée afin d’étudier la sensibilité exigée par le réseau de diagnostic pour détecter la présence d’obstacles. Un dimensionnement du système global est calculé. / This thesis focuses on the design of an in-situ measurement system to detect variable disturbances in the near field of antenna arrays. The first part was focused on the study of the benefit of the monitoring system for direction finding antennas (DFA). A quantitative study of degradation of performances of DFA installed on a carrier in presence of variable obstacles was done. The second point of the study concerns the choice for the technology for the diagnostic system design. The Optically Modulated Scatterer Technique (OMS) is selected. A model that predicts the OMS backscattered power is developed to select the optimal dimension of the probe. Following the theoretical studies, a 12 cm OMS probe coupled to the nonlinear device (PDCS30T) was designed. Measurements in anechoic chamber were conducted to validate the budget link model and measure the sensitivity of the probe to nearby objects. Finally, a study is conducted to investigate the sensitivity required by the diagnostic probes for detecting the presence of obstacles. A dimensioning of the overall system is computed.

Cette thèse porte sur la conception d’un système de mesure in-situ permettant de détecter les perturbations variables dans l’environnement proche d’un réseau d’antennes. Une première partie est consacrée à l’étude du bénéfice d’un tel système appliqué à un réseau de goniométrie. Une étude quantitative de la dégradation des performances de goniométrie sur porteur en présence d’obstacles variables est réalisée. Le deuxième point majeur de cette thèse est le choix de la technologie pour la conception du système de diagnostic. La Technique de diffusion modulée par l’optique (OMS) est sélectionnée. Un modèle de prédiction de la puissance rétrodiffusée par la sonde OMS a été élaboré afin de choisir la dimension de sonde optimale. Suite aux études théoriques, une sonde de 12 cm chargée par la photodiode (PDCS30T) a été réalisée. Des mesures en chambre anéchoïque ont été menées afin de valider le bilan de liaison et mesurer la sensibilité de la sonde à des obstacles proches. Finalement, une étude est réalisée afin d’étudier la sensibilité exigée par le réseau de diagnostic pour détecter la présence d’obstacles. Un dimensionnement du système global est calculé. / This thesis focuses on the design of an in-situ measurement system to detect variable disturbances in the near field of antenna arrays. The first part was focused on the study of the benefit of the monitoring system for direction finding antennas (DFA). A quantitative study of degradation of performances of DFA installed on a carrier in presence of variable obstacles was done. The second point of the study concerns the choice for the technology for the diagnostic system design. The Optically Modulated Scatterer Technique (OMS) is selected. A model that predicts the OMS backscattered power is developed to select the optimal dimension of the probe. Following the theoretical studies, a 12 cm OMS probe coupled to the nonlinear device (PDCS30T) was designed. Measurements in anechoic chamber were conducted to validate the budget link model and measure the sensitivity of the probe to nearby objects. Finally, a study is conducted to investigate the sensitivity required by the diagnostic probes for detecting the presence of obstacles. A dimensioning of the overall system is computed.

Introduktion: God rörlighet i armbågsleden är viktig för att kunna utföra dagliga aktiviteter eller vid idrottsutövande. Det är därför viktigt med reliabla och standardiserade mätmetoder för att kunna utvärdera ledrörligheten. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka inter- och intrabedömarreliabilitet för vinkelmätning av armbågsleden med den elektroniska goniometern EasyAngle. Metod: Standardiserade mätmetoder togs fram. Mätningar av aktiv och passiv rörlighet i armbågen utfördes av 3 stycken terapeuter med varierande erfarenhet av ledmätning. Mätningar för flexion, extension, pronation och supination utfördes i armbågsleden. Alla mätningar utfördes 2 gånger med ungefär 15 minuter emellan på 21 stycken testpersoner. Deltagare rekryterades genom bekvämlighetsurval. Exklusionskriterierna var: pågående skada i området, neurologisk sjukdom som kunde påverka rörligheten eller vara yngre än 20 år, och äldre än 69 år. Resultat: ICC-värdena för interbedömarreliabilitet varierade mellan 0.72-0.95. Enligt de referensvärden som studien använt så klassas de lägsta resultaten som goda, och de bästa resultaten som utmärkta. För intrabedömarreliabiliteten varierade ICC- värdena mellan 0.54-0.94 för terapeut 1, 0.65-0.94 för terapeut 2 och 0.47-0.94 för terapeut 3. Detta gör att dom lägsta resultaten gällande intrabedömarreliabiliteten kan anses som godtagbara och dom högsta som utmärkta. Konklusion: Inter- och intrabedömarreliabiliteten för mätverktyget EasyAngle vid mätning av armbågsled är enligt resultat i denna studie genomgående godtagbara till utmärkta. Då vår studie är den första i sitt slag för armbågsleden krävs vidare forskning med fler deltagare från olika studiepopulationer. Det krävs också fler studier som undersöker användbarheten av dom standardiserade mätmetoder för armbågen som tagits fram.

<p>The study and understanding of molecular interactions is fundamentally important in today's field of life sciences and there is a demand for well designed surfaces for biosensor applications. The biosensor has to be able to detect specific molecular interactions, while non-specific binding of other substances to the sensor surface should be kept to a minimum.                                                                                                                                                                                The objective of this master´s thesis was to design sensor surfaces based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and evaluate their structural characteristics as well as their performance in Biacore systems. By mixing different oligo (ethylene glycol) terminated thiol compounds in the SAMs, the density of functional groups for bimolecular attachment could be controlled.  Structural characteristics of the SAMs were studied using Ellipsometry, Contact Angle Goniometry, IRAS and XPS. Surfaces showing promising results were examined further with Surface Plasmon Resonance in Biacore instruments.<p>Mixed SAM surfaces with a tailored degree of functional COOH groups could be prepared. The surfaces showed promising characteristics in terms of stability, immobilization capacity of biomolecules, non-specific binding and kinetic assay performance, while further work needs to be dedicated to the improvement of their storage stability. In conclusion, the SAM based sensor surfaces studied in this thesis are interesting candidates for Biacore applications.</p></p>

The study and understanding of molecular interactions is fundamentally important in today's field of life sciences and there is a demand for well designed surfaces for biosensor applications. The biosensor has to be able to detect specific molecular interactions, while non-specific binding of other substances to the sensor surface should be kept to a minimum.                                                                                                                                                                                The objective of this master´s thesis was to design sensor surfaces based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and evaluate their structural characteristics as well as their performance in Biacore systems. By mixing different oligo (ethylene glycol) terminated thiol compounds in the SAMs, the density of functional groups for bimolecular attachment could be controlled.  Structural characteristics of the SAMs were studied using Ellipsometry, Contact Angle Goniometry, IRAS and XPS. Surfaces showing promising results were examined further with Surface Plasmon Resonance in Biacore instruments.Mixed SAM surfaces with a tailored degree of functional COOH groups could be prepared. The surfaces showed promising characteristics in terms of stability, immobilization capacity of biomolecules, non-specific binding and kinetic assay performance, while further work needs to be dedicated to the improvement of their storage stability. In conclusion, the SAM based sensor surfaces studied in this thesis are interesting candidates for Biacore applications.