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A golden midway for a divided society? : the South African land reform project and its relationship with the rule of law and transformationGerber, Johannes Abraham 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa's history led to an unequal distribution in land ownership, which is not
conducive to democratic consolidation. Land refortn is the means to address this
problem. However, land reform, part of the larger process of transformation, is a
potentially dangerous process: it can have negative implications on the rule of law.
The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of the dynamic relationship
between land reform, the rule of law and transformation in South Africa, within the
debate on democratic consolidation.
One can distinguish two paradigms regarding democracy: the liberal paradigm and the
liberationist paradigm. These two paradigms have divergent views on the way land
reform and transformation should be implemented, and what the goal of these two
processes is. The liberal paradigm would seem to be more favourable for democratic
consolidation, while the liberationist paradigm is a breeding ground for populist
transformation.
Furthermore, the negotiated constitutional settlement has left land reform with an
ambiguity. On the one hand the constitution forces the govemment to address land
reform, but on the other hand it firmly entrenches the private property rights by
enforcing the 'willing buyer, willing seller' principle, which makes the process more
costly and time consuming.
The main hypothesis of this study is: Demographic indicators (race, party affiliation
and provincial setting) influence support or rejection of the land reform policies of the
South African govemment. Tbe dependent variable is 'support or rejection of the
government's land reform policies'. Support for the govemment's land reform
policies is indicative of the liberal paradigm and rejection of the govemment's
policies is indicative of the liberationist paradigm.
It is found that the majority of South Africans reject the govemment's land reform
policies. However, strong divisions are evident. Respondents differ along racial,
party affiliation and provincial lines. Thus, the liberationist paradigm dominates, but
the liberal paradigm has a strong presence, creating an ideologically divided society.
This means that the legitimacy of South Africa's land reform project, as well as the
legitimacy of the constitution, is under stress. This does not bode well for democratic
consolidation, as the rule of law is under severe threat. Thus, one can conclude that
land reform is not going to make a positive contribution to the consolidation of South
Africa's democracy, if a substantial financial injection is not found to increase the
efficiency of the process. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se geskiedenis het aanleiding gegee tot 'n ongelyke verspreiding van
grondeienaarskap. Dit is nie gunstig vir demokratiese konsolidasie nie.
Grondhervorming IS die mamer waarmee die probleem aangespreek kan word.
Grondhervorming, deel van die groter proses van transformasie, is egter 'n potensieel
gevaarlike proses: dit kan negatiewe implikasies vir regsoewereiniteit hê. Die doel
van hierdie tesis is om 'n analise van die dinamiese wisselwerking tussen
grondhervorming, regsoewereiniteit en transformasie te verskaf, binne die debat oor
demokratiese konsolidasie.
Daar kan aangaande demokrasie tussen twee paradigmas onderskei word: die liberale
paradigma en die bevrydings (liberationist) paradigma. Hierdie twee paradigmas het
teenstrydige perspektiewe oor die manier waarop grondhervorming, sowel as
transformasie, geïmplementeer behoort te word, sowel as wat die doel van hierdie
twee prosesse is. Die liberale paradigma is meer geskik vir demokratiese
konsolidasie, terwyl die bevrydings paradigma 'n teelaarde vir populistiese
transformasie is.
Verder het die onderhandelde grondwetlike skikking grondhervorming in 'n
teenstrydigheid geplaas. Aan die een kant vereis die grondwet dat die regering
grondhervorming moet aanspreek, maar aan die anderkant bied dit 'n ferm
onderskraging van private eiedomsreg deur op die 'gewillige koper, gewillige
verkoper' beginsel aan te dring. Dit maak die grondhervormings proses langer en
duurder.
Die hoof hipotese van die studie is: Demografiese indikatore (ras, partyaffiliasie en
provinsie) beïnvloed ondersteuning of verwerpmg van die regering se
grondhervormingsbeleid. Die afhanklike veranderlike IS 'ondersteuning of
verwerping van die regering se grondhervormingsbeleid '. Ondersteuning van die
regering se grondhervormingsbeleid dui op die liberale paradigma, en die verwerping
daarvan dui op die bevrydings paradigma. Daar word bevind dat die meerderheid Suid-Afrikaners die regenng se
Respondente verskil volgens ras, partyaffiliasie en provinsie. Dus, die bevrydings
paradigma domineer, maar die liberale paradigma het ook 'n sterk teenwoordigheid.
Dit sorg vir 'n ideologies verdeelde samelewing.
Dit beteken dat die legitimiteit van Suid-Afrika se grondhervormings projek, sowel as
die legitimiteit van die grondwet, in gedrang is. Dit is nie 'n goeie teken vir
demokratiese konsolidasie nie, aangesien dit regsoewereiniteit in die gedrang bring.
Daarom kan daar tot die gevolg gekom word dat grondhervorming nie 'n positiewe
bydrae ten opsigte van die konsolidasie van Suid-Afrikaanse demokrasie sal maak nie,
tensy daar 'n beduidende finansiële inspuiting gevind kan word.
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The implementation of the national HIV/AIDS policy in the Vhembe DistrictLuyirika, Emmanuel B. K. (Emmanuel Bruce Kaweeri) 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The implementation of national policies is a key function of government
through its various departments. This is very crucial in the health sector
where lives of individuals are involved. The implementation of the national
HIV/AIDS policy is very important in dealing with the epidemic.
This study combined both quantitative and qualitative methods to
analyse the implementation of the South African government’s national
HIV/AIDS policy in the Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province. The
quantitative phase involved the stratified sampling process, resulting in
identifying 2 health workers from each of the 25 health units in the district
comprising of 22 community clinics, the infection control unit, the counselling
unit at the hospital and 2 from among the doctors. A total of fifty respondents
were selected from a workforce of about 500.
The staff profile indicates that 76 % of the health workers interviewed
were below 40 years of age and 28% of them were chief professional nurses.
Of the health workers, 78 % had been in the current position for between 1
and 5 years, 6 % for 6 to 10 years, 6 % for 16 or more years and 10 % for
less than one year. All of them had a diploma as a minimum qualification, 8
% had 2 diplomas, 2 % had 3 or more diplomas, 2% had degrees and 2 %
had a degree plus diplomas.
In terms of HIV/AIDS policy implementation, 100% of all the facilities
provided HIV prevention information to clients, 60% of these facilities worked
with other organisations in HIV prevention, but only 4% had voluntary
counselling and testing (VCT) services. In these health units only 28% had
had staff trained regarding HIV/AIDS issues. In addition 96 % of the health
units had the male condom stocked at any one time and only 12 % stocked
the female condom.
In terms of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) control, all clinics were
using the syndromic approach in management of STDs and also claimed to
have youth-friendly services. On the other hand only 80 % of the facilities
had had staff trained in STD management using the syndromic approach.
In the area of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, (PMTCT) none of the clinics had VCT services for pregnant women and only
8% of them had PMTCT counsellors. Because of the lack of VCT services only
4% of the clinics had known HIV positive mothers attending the antenatal
care services.
On the issue of post-exposure prophylaxis (P.E.P.) all clinics had
protocols for this and 88% of them had antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) stocked
for post-exposure treatment for health workers. However, only 8% of these
clinics had a betadine douche as the only post-exposure intervention for
raped women.
In the area of treatment care and support for patients none of these
clinics offered ARVs, 24 % had protocols for prevention and management of
opportunistic infections, 4% were involved in any form of home-based care,
4% had HIV/AIDS dedicated services and 24% collaborated with community
non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in HIV/AIDS care.
The qualitative phase of the study highlighted what health workers
perceived as prominent features of the national HIV/AIDS policy and these
included prevention of HIV by use of condoms, faithfulness and pre-test
counselling. The respondents also interpreted the social response by
government to include provision of home-based care, care of orphans, food
provision and safe guarding rights of victims. Other issues that were
perceived to be part of the national HIV/AIDS policy were STD management,
health education, provision of training to health workers in HIV/AIDS issues,
provision of home-based care and occupational health and safety for health
workers.
The government was also perceived to have a negative attitude
towards AIDS NGOs, not providing adequate numbers of the female condom
and denying patients antiretroviral drugs (ARVs).
The recommendations made on the basis of the study therefore
include strengthening the training of health workers in HIV/AIDS care and
management, improved provision of VCT services, wider distribution of the
female condom, provision of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of
HIV (PMTCT) services and the linking of research and care to provide evidence-based practice. Other recommendations are that there should be
support programmes for health workers with HIV, addressing gender issues in
implementation and provision of ARVs especially where it is already known
that they help. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die implementering van nasionale beleid is ‘n sleutelfunksie van die regering,
verrig deur sy onderskeie departemente. Dit is veral deurslaggewend in die
gesondheidsektor waar die lewens van individue op die spel is en die
implementering van die nasionale MIV/VIGS- beleid is baie belangrik in die
hantering van die epidemie.
In hierdie studie is beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes
gekombineer om implementering van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se
nasionale MIV/VIGS -beleid in die Vhembe-distrik van die Limpopo-provinsie
te analiseer. Die kwantitatiewe fase het ‘n gestratifiseerde steekproefproses
behels, wat gelei het tot die identifisering van 2 gesondheidswerkers uit elk
van die 25 gesondheidseenhede in die distrik, bestaande uit 22
gemeenskapsklinieke, die infeksie-beheereenheid, die beradingseenheid by
die hospitaal en die geledere van die dokters. So is ‘n totaal van 50
respondente geselekteer uit ‘n arbeidmag van ongeveer 500.
Die personeelprofiel dui aan dat 76% van die gesondheidswerkers wat
ondervra is jonger as 40 jaar was en dat 28% van hulle hoof professionele
verpleegsters was. Van die gesondheidswerkers was 78% vir 1 tot 5 jaar in
hul bestaande posisie , 6% vir 6 tot 10 jaar, 6% vir 16 of meer jare en 10%
vir minder as 1 jaar. Almal van hulle het ‘n diploma as ‘n minimum
kwalifikasie gehad, 8% het 2 diplomas, 2% het 3 of meer diplomas, 2% het
grade en 2% het ‘n graad plus diplomas gehad.
In terme van die MIV/VIGS beleidsimplementering het 100% van die
fasiliteite MIV- voorkomingsinligting aan kliënte verskaf, 60% van hierdie
fasiliteite in samewerking met ander organisasies , terwyl slegs 4%
vrywillige berading en toetsdienste verskaf het. Slegs 28% van die
gesondheidseenhede het oor personeel beskik met opleiding in MIV/VIGSkwessies. Verder het 96% van die gesondheidseenhede die manlike
kondoom in voorraad gehad teenoor slegs 12% eenhede die vroulike
kondoom.
In terme van die seksueel-oordraagbare siektebeheer, het al die klinieke die
sindroom-benadering in die bestuur van seksueel- oordraagbare siektes
toegepas en het beweer dat hulle dienste jeugvriendelik is. Daarteenoor het
slegs 80% van die fasiliteite beskik oor personeel wat opgelei was in
seksueel- oordraagbare siektebestuur met toepassing van die sindroombenadering.
Op die terrein van voorkoming van moeder- na- kind- oordraging van HIV het
geen van die klinieke oor vrywillige berading en toetsdienste vir swanger
vroue beskik nie en slegs 8% van hulle het wel moeder-na-kind–
oordragingsberaders gehad. As gevolg van die gebrek aan vrywillige
berading en toetsdienste het slegs 4% van die klinieke kennis gedra van
HIV- positiewe moeders wat voorgeboortelike sorgdienste bygewoon het.
Wat na-blootstellingsvoorbehoeding aanbetref, het alle klinieke protokolle
gehad en 88% het antiretrovirale medisyne in voorraad gehad vir nablootstellingsbehandeling
van gesondheidswerkers. Slegs 8% van hierdie
klinieke het egter ‘n betadine-spoeling(“douche”) as die enigste nablootstelling
intervensie vir verkragte vroue gehad.
Op die gebied van die behandeling van en ondersteuning aan pasiënte het
geen van hierdie klinieke die antiretrovirale medisyne aangebied nie, 24% het
protokolle vir die voorkoming en bestuur van geleentheidsinfeksies gehad,
4% was betrokke in enige vorm van tuisgebaseerde sorg, 4% het oor
MIV/VIGS -gerigte dienste beskik en 24% het met
gemeenskapsvrywilligerorganisasies saamgewerk in die voorsiening van
MIV/VIGS-sorg. Die kwalitatiewe fase van die studie fokus op wat gesondheidswerkers beskou
as prominente kenmerke van die nasionale MIV/VIGS- beleid en wat insluit
die voorkoming van HIV deur die gebruik van kondome, getrouheid en voortoets-
berading. Die respondente vertolk die regering se sosiale reaksie as
insluitend die verskaffing van tuisgebaseerde sorg, die versorging van
weeskinders, voedselvoorsiening en die beveiliging van slagoffers se regte.
Ander kwessies wat ook gesien word as deel van die nasionale MIV/VIGS
beleid is seksueel- oordraagbare siektebeheer, gesondheidopvoeding, die
verskaffing van opleiding aan gesondheidswerkers in MIV/VIGS-probleme, die
voorsiening van tuisgebaseerde sorg en beroepsgesondheid en veiligheid vir
gesondheids werkers.
Die regering se houding teenoor VIGS vrywilligerorganisasies is ook as
negatief vertolk deur onvoldoende hoeveelhede van die vroulike kondoom te
verskaf en antiretrovirale medisyne te weerhou van pasiënte.
Die aanbevelings wat op grond van die studie gemaak is, sluit in die
verbeterde opleiding van gesonheidswerkers in MIV/VIGS-sorg en -bestuur,
verbeterde verskaffing van vrywillige berading en toetsdienste, wyer
verspreiding van die vroulike kondoom, verskaffing van MIV-dienste vir die
voorkoming van moeder-na-kind-oordraging en die konnektering van
navorsing en sorg om ‘n inligtingsbaseerde praktyk te skep. Ander
aanbevelings is dat daar ondersteuningsprogramme vir gesondheidswerkers
met MIV behoort te wees wat geslagskwessies aanspreek in die
implementering en verskaffing van antiretrovirale medisyne waar dit reeds
bekend is dat dit wel help.
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An appropriate financial management and budgeting system to support transition in South AfricaMdlazi, David Thembalikayise Francis 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study is devoted to the determination of an appropriate financial
management and budgeting system to support a transforming South Africa.
Given the challenges and opportunities presented by the new political
dispensation, both locally and abroad, the evolution of financial management
and budgeting systems is analysed. Specifically, elements of each budgetary
system that stood the test of time to the present, are studied.
International case studies of countries that have undergone (or are
undergoing) the transformation process successfully, or otherwise, are fully
discussed to serve as invaluable lessons and experience for South Africa on
its quest for a smooth and swift transformation, to prevent it from ending up
as just another unsuccessful transformation. This then serves as a broad
foundation for an appropriate financial management and budgeting system
which is proactive in the transformation process.
South Africa will not reinvent the wheel. Unlike other countries that waited for
transformation problems to fall upon them, the South African financial
management and budgeting system manipulates the financial management
policies. It achieves this by broadly defining the objectives to be achieved
through prioritisation and reprioritisation, formulate clear strategies for shortterm,
medium-term and long-term plans, goals, processes, functions and
activities.
It applies all the positive elements of input-orientated systems, activity/
performance measuring systems, objective/goal-orientated system, medium
term expenditure framework and multi-year budgets studied and drawn from
lessons and experience of other countries. South Africa's appropriate
financial management and budgeting system is a broad crosswalk model
vacillating between all systems from a broad definition of objectives, goals,
processes and activities ending up with a strong financial management tool. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dié studie word gewy aan die daarstelling van 'n Geskikte Finansiële Bestuur en
Begrotingstelsel om 'n veranderende Suid-Afrika te ondersteun.
Teen die agtergrond van die uitdagings daargestel deur die nuwe politieke
bestel word die revolusie van finansiële bestuur- en begrotingstelsels plaaslik
en in die buiteland ontleed en in perspektief geplaas. Meer spesifiek is die
elemente van elke begrotingstelsel wat die toets van die tyd deurstaan het,
bestudeer.
Internasionale studies van lande wat die veranderingsproses suksesvol
ondergaan het (of tans daarmee besig is), of andersins, word volledig
bespreek om as 'n onskatbare les en ondervinding vir Suid-Afrika in sy
soektog na 'n gladde en vinnige transformasie te dien en om te verhoed dat
dit op net nog 'n onsuksesvolle transformasie uitloop. Dit dien dan as 'n breë
grondslag vir 'n Geskikte Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsel wat proaktief
in die Suid-Afrikaanse transformasieproses is.
Suid-Afrika sal nie die wiel kan heruitvind nie. Anders as in ander lande wat
op transformasieprobleme gewag het om hulle te tref, kan die Suid-
Afrikaanse Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsels finansiële bestuursbeleid
pro-aktief ondersteun. Dit word bewerkstellig deur 'n omvattende bepaling
van die mikpunte wat bereik moet word deur priorisering en herpriorisering
van planne, doelwitte, prosesse, funksies en aktiwiteite op die kort, medium
en lang termyn. Dit is moontlik indien al die positiewe elemente van
verskillende finansiële bestuur- en begrotingsteiseis, soos bestudeer in en
geleer uit ander lande se ondervindings toegepas word. Suid-Afrika se
Finansiële Bestuur- en Begrotingstelsel behels 'n breë omvattende model wat
put uit al die stelsels wat 'n bepaling van doelstellings, mikpunte, prosesse en
aktiwiteite bevat ten einde te eindig met 'n sterk Finansiële Bestuurswerktuig.
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Diversifying South Africa's renewable energy mix through policyValenti, Devan 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is one of the most energy-intensive economies in the world, with around 90 per
cent of its electricity generated using coal as a primary resource. As such, the South African
energy system remains on a highly unsustainable path, and the potential for long-term growth
and prosperity of the economy is thwarted. The alternative to conventional energy, renewable
energy, has unfortunately been relatively slow to take off in the South Africa market. This is
disappointing considering the country’s wealth of natural resources required for renewable
energy generation.
The potential of renewable energy to contribute to the South African energy mix is thus
significant. The transition to a green economy, and subsequently a more sustainable energy
future, is therefore achievable and realistic. However, national policies aimed at promoting
the deployment of renewable energy have been thwarted by inconsistencies, lack of
coordination, and proved relatively ineffective at increasing the country’s renewable energy
capacity to its full potential. The recent policy changes from a feed-in tariff to a competitive
tender approach dented investor confidence in the South African renewable energy industry
significantly. Nevertheless, renewable energy policy in South Africa is still in its infancy, and
valuable lessons are still to be learnt and incorporated into future policies going forward.
A critical analysis of the current policy identifies the need for amendment to the structure of
the policy landscape. The current policy strongly favours larger, more established and mature
renewable technologies, whilst completely neglecting smaller and less mature ones. This not
only results in a highly undiversified renewable energy mix, which has considerable
negatives in itself, but also reduces the ability of the policy to capture a host of significant
opportunities and advantages associated with small-scale renewable energy projects. The
importance of diversifying South Africa’s renewable energy mix was therefore ones of the
principal stances of this study, and intervention that ensured diversification within the
industry was therefore vital.
This study fundamentally designs and proposes a revised policy system that makes use of
both competitive tenders and feed-in tariffs within the policy framework. In essence, this
would allow for greater diversification within the renewable energy industry. The
competitive tender component should be used for larger, more established technologies and projects, while the feed-in tariff should be used to drastically stimulate investment in smaller
technologies and projects. By making use of a dual-mechanism system, the benefits
associated with small-scale renewable energy projects can be realized without any
noteworthy opportunity costs foregone. These benefits include diversification of the
renewable energy mix; stimulation of smaller technologies; increased job creation; and
stabilisation of supply volatility.
This study recommends that the current renewable energy policy in South Africa be
reassessed for both its relevancy within the South African context as well as its ability to
effectively promote the deployment of alternative energy technologies. In an ever-changing
and globalising world, where exogenous influences on national policies are stronger than
ever, it becomes necessary and of utmost importance that policies are evaluated constantly in
order to ensure their effectiveness is at optimal level. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie is een van die energie-intensiefstes ter wêreld, met steenkool
as hoofbron vir sowat 90 persent van die land se kragopwekking. Die Suid-Afrikaanse
energiestelsel as sulks bly dus op 'n onstabiele pad, en die potensiaal vir langdurige
ekonomiese groei en welvaart word geknel. As teenvoeter vir konvensionele krag het
hernubare energie steeds stadig veld gewen in die plaaslike mark – wat teleurstellend is as die
land se rykdom aan natuurlike bronne vir hernubare energie-opwekking in ag geneem word.
Hernubare energie het dus 'n aansienlike potensiaal om tot die Suid-Afrikaanse energiemengsel
by te dra. Die oorgang na 'n groen ekonomie, en gevolglik na 'n volhoubaarder
energie-toekoms, is daarom bereikbaar en realisties. Nasionale beleide oor hoe die uitrol van
hernubare energie bevorder word, is egter tot dusver gestrem deur ongereeldhede en 'n gebrek
aan koördinasie, en was gevolglik relatief ondoeltreffend om die land se hernubare
energiekapasiteit ten volle te verhoog. Die onlangse beleidsveranderinge vanaf 'n
toevoertarief na 'n mededingende tenderbenadering het beleggersvertroue aansienlik
geskaad. Suid-Afrika se hernubare energiebeleid is nietemin nog in sy kinderskoene, met
kosbare lesse wat geleer kan word en vir die pad vorentoe in toekomsplanne ingewerk kan
word.
'n Kritiese ontleding van die huidige beleid wys hoe nodig 'n aangepaste struktuur vir die
beleidsraamwerk is. Die huidige beleid begunstig groter, meer gevestigde en ontwikkelde
tegnologieë terwyl kleiner en minder ontwikkeldes heeltemal afgeskeep word. Dit het tot
gevolg nie net 'n hoogs ongediversifiseerde mengsel van hernubare energie nie, wat op sigself
'n aantal nadele inhou, maar boonop verminder dit die beleid se vermoë om vele
betekenisvolle geleenthede en voordele aan te gryp wat gepaard gaan met kleinskaalse
projekte vir hernubare energie. Dat die diversifisering van Suid-Afrika se hernubare
energiesamestelling belangrik is, was dus een van dié studie se hoofbenaderings, asook dat
ingryping ter wille van diversifisering binne die bedryf onontbeerlik is.
Hierdie studie bied 'n ingrypende ontwerp en voorstel vir 'n hersiene beleidstelsel, met
mededingende tenders asook toevoertariewe binne die beleidsraamwerk. Dit sal in wese
ruimte laat vir groter diversifikasie binne die hernubare energiebedryf. Die mededingende
tendergedeelte behoort vir groter, meer gevestigde tegnologieë en projekte gebruik te word,
terwyl die toevoertariewe kan dien om belegging in kleiner tegnologieë en projekte te stimuleer. Deur 'n stelsel van tweeledige meganismes kan die voordele van kleinskaalse
hernubare energieprojekte realiseer sonder die inboet van noemenswaardige
geleentheidskoste. Dié voordele sluit in, om enkeles te noem, die diversifikasie van die
hernubare energie-toneel; die stimuleer van kleiner tegnologieë met gepaardgaande groter
werkskepping; en toenemende plaaslike produkvervaardiging.
Met dié studie word aanbeveel dat Suid-Afrika se huidige beleid oor hernubare energie
heroorweeg word, rakende die relevansie daarvan binne die landskonteks asook die beleid se
vermoë om die ontplooiing van alternatiewe energietegnologieë doeltreffend te bevorder. In
'n voortdurend veranderende en globaliserende wêreld, met buite-invloede op nasionale
beleidsrigtings sterker as ooit, word dit noodsaaklik en uiters belangrik dat beleide
voortdurend heroorweeg word om die doeltreffendheid daarvan op die gunstigste vlak te
verseker.
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An analysis of the organizational framework of rehabilitation services at a community health centre in the Western CapeDe Wet, Caroline 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MHumanRehabSt)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT:Background
In the past, a lack of policy guidelines in the area of rehabilitation often resulted in
underdeveloped or no rehabilitation services in many areas. This led to the development of
The South African National Rehabilitation Policy (NRP) which was finalised in 2000. This
policy is guided by the principles of development, empowerment and the social integration of
persons with disabilities. It aims to provide improved access to rehabilitation services for all
and forms part of a strategy to improve the quality of life of persons with disabilities.
South Africa ratified the United Nations Convention for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
(UNCRPD) in 2001. The UNCRPD is an international rights based document and focuses on
equalisation of opportunities for people with disabilities and their inclusion in development.
Aim
The aim of thestudy was to describe and analyse the organizational framework of
rehabilitation services at the Gugulethu Community Health Centre (CHC) in Cape Town and
to determine if the framework used complied with the objectives of the National
Rehabilitation Policy.
Method
This was a case study that made use of both qualitative and quantitative methods of data
collection. The Kaplan framework, the objectives of the NRP and the five relevant articles of
the UNCRPD were used to design three questionnaires for data collection. The first
questionnaire was for service providers and answered by seven participants. The second
questionnaire was completed by the Facility Manager of Gugulethu CHC and the third
questionnaire was answered by the managers of 2 purposively sampled NGOs in Gugulethu.
Qualitative data was collected from interviews held with three of the service providers and
the facility manager as well as from two focus groups held with service users.
Results
The results of the study showed that there was some coherence between the rehabilitation
services provided and the objectives of the NRP such as good access to the service for
clients coming to the Centre for rehabilitation and adequate resources to provide assistive devices with. However, in other areas there was little or no adherence. Limited evidence of
intersectoral collaboration was found. There was no evidence of the inclusion of persons
with disabilities in the planning, implementation and managing of rehabilitation services.
Similarly services were not monitored and evaluated in a constructive way and while the
therapists did engage in skills development activities the suitability of the courses attended
for their role is questioned.
Conclusion
The findings showed a facility based curative rehabilitation service that was accessible for
clients who came to the facility, but did not expand to provide community based
rehabilitation. Thus it was concluded that the organisation in its current form lacked the
ability to effectively address the needs of the community that it served. At Gugulethu
Community Health Centre rehabilitation services need to be planned according to
community based rehabilitation strategies by the manager, the service providers and the
community. Only when implementation of the NRP and UNCRPD takes place will the
benefits become tangible to the entire community.
Key Words
Rehabilitation, Disability, National Rehabilitation Policy, UNCRPD, Organisational capacity. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond
In die verlede het ‘n gebrekaanbeleidsriglyne in die rehabilitasievelddikwelsgelei tot
onderontwikkelde of geenrehabilitasiedienste in baiegebiede. Die gevolghiervan was die
ontwikkeling van dieSuidAfrikaanseNasionaleRehabilitasieBeleid (NRB) wat in 2000
gefinaliseer is. Die fokusvan hierdiebeleid is ontwikkeling, bemagtiging en die
sosialeintegrasie van persone met gestremdhede. Die doel van die NRB is omtoeganklikheid
van rehabilitasiediensteviralmalteverbeter en ditvormdeel van die strategieom die
lewensgehalte van persone met gestremdhede to verbeter.
SuidAfrika het die VerenigdeNasies se Konvensievir die Regte van Persone met
Gestremdhede in 2001 bekragtig. HierdieKonvensie is ‘n
internasionaleregsgebaseerdedokument and fokus opgelykeregtevirpersone met
gestremdhede en hulinsluiting in ontwikkeling.
Doelstelling
Die doel van die studiewas om die organisatorieseraamwerk van die rehabilitasiedienste by
die GugulethuGemeenskapsGesondheidssentrum in Kaapstadtebeskryf enteontleed, ten
eindevastestel of die raamwerk, in ooreenstemming is met die doelwitte van die
NasionaleRehabilitasieBeleid.
Metode
`n Gevallestudie is gedoen. Data is deurmiddel van kwantitatiewe en
kwalitatiewemetodesingesamel. Die Kaplanraamwerk, doelwitte van die
NasionaleRehabilitasieBeleid en toepaslike 5 artikels van die VerenigdeNasie se
Konvensievir die Regte van Persone met Gestremdehede is
gebruikomdrievraelysteteontwerp. Die eerstevraelys was virdiensverskaffers en
sewedeelnemers het ditbeantwoord. Die tweedevraelys is deur die Fasiliteitsbestuurder van
GuguletuGemeenskapsGesondheidssentrumbeantwoord en die derdevraelysdeur twee
bestuurders van twee doelbewustegekoseNie-staatsOrganisasies in Guguletu. Onderhoude
is met drie van die diensverskaffers en die fasiliteitsbestuurdergebruikomkwalitatiewe data in
tesamelsowel as twee fokusgroepe met diensverbruikers.Resultate
Die resultate van die studietoondatdaarwel ‘n mate van belyningtussenrehabilitasiedienste
by die studiesentrum en die doelwitte van die NasionaleRehabilitasieBeleid is. Ditsluit in
goeietoeganklikheidna die diensvirklientewat die sentrumbesoekvirbehandeling en
voldoendebronneomhulpmiddelstevoorsien.In andergebiede was daaregter min of
geenbelyningnie. Daar is min bewyse van intersektoralesamewerking en geenbewyse van
die insluiting van persone met gestremdhede in die beplanning, implementering en bestuur
van die rehabilitasiedienstenie. Dienste is nie in ‘n opbouendemaniergemonitor of geevalueernie
en terwyl die terapeutewelaanontwikklingsprogrammedeelgeneem het, kan die
toepaslikheid van die kursussebevraagteken word.
Gevolgtrekking
Die bevindingswys op ‘n kuratiewerehabilitasiedienswattoeganklik is virklientewatna die
sentrum toe kom. Daar word egterniegemeenskapsbaseerderehabilitasieverskafnie.Dus, is
die gevolgtrekkingdat die organisasie in syhuidigevormnie die vermoe het om die behoeftes
van die gemeenskapwatditdien, effektiefaantespreeknie.Dierehabilitasiedienste by
GuguletuGemeenskapssentrummoetbeplan word
volgensgemeenskapsgebaseerderehabilitasiestrategiee, deur die bestuurder,
diensverskaffers en die gemeenskap. Eerswanneer die NasionaleRehabilitasieBeleid en die
VerenigdeNasie se Konvensievir die Regte van Persone met Gestremdhedetoegepas word
sal die helegemeenskapbaatvind by rehabilitasie.
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A description and analysis of the organisational capacity of the rehabilitation services at TC Newman Community Day CentereLiebenberg, Handri 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M Human RehabSt)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rehabilitation services, mainly rendered by therapists employed by the Department
of Health, forms a critical part of the Primary Health Care (PHC) package of care.
Different policies, within the Department of Health (DOH), provide guidance on
rehabilitation service delivery. However, implementation of these policies remains a
challenge.
The current study aimed to describe and analyse the organisational capacity of
rehabilitation services at the study site and to assess how congruent the
rehabilitation service at the study site was with existing rehabilitation policy.
A descriptive methodology was applied making use of both quantitative and
qualitative methods in analyzing the organisational capacity of this study site and the
alignment of rehabilitation services offered, with the National Rehabilitation Policy
(NRP). The study used the Kaplan framework, the objectives of the NRP and specific
selected articles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities (UNCRPD) to develop indicators to be used for the description and
analysis of the organisational capacity of the rehabilitation services at TC Newman
Community Day Centre. Questionnaires based on seven objectives from the NRP were developed to collect
quantitative data from five service providers, the facility manager of TC Newman
CDC and the managers of two Non- Governmental Organisations (NGO) working in
the drainage site. Face to face, audio recorded, semi- structured interviews were
used to collect qualitative data from the five service providers. A folder audit and
document review was used to enhance quantitative findings. After analysis of the
data, I still felt the need for additional information and thus developed an open ended
questionnaire for participants to complete.
Barriers (e.g. defaulting of clients, a lack of standard documentation, poor monitoring
and evaluation) and facilitators (e.g. outreach and support, competent staff and
multi-disciplinary team) were identified in implementing the NRP. Participants
highlighted the importance of accessing rehabilitation services with a focus on the
outreach to peripheral clinics and funded NGO’s. Intersectoral collaboration is
evident, but mainly with funded NGO’s. A lack of standardised documentation,
inadequate monitoring and evaluation systems and uniformed documentation were some of the challenges identified by participants. The absence of participation by
persons with disabilities was noted by all participants.
With reference to the organisational capacity, the participants had a good
understanding of rehabilitation within the PHC context. Participants felt confident in
delivering rehabilitation services and were able to identify shortcomings in service
delivery. It is concluded that rehabilitation services are not delivered exactly in
accordance with the objectives of the NRP. However the organisation demonstrated
capacity to deliver rehabilitation services at PHC level, but there is still a need to
enhance service delivery on community based level.
The results of this study gave me as a manager and implementer of health policy in
the District Health System the opportunity to gain deeper insight as to how
rehabilitation services are currently rendered. Results from the study highlighted how
coherent rehabilitation service delivery is with current policy in health and the
capacity of the organisation to deliver rehabilitation services.
This gave me the opportunity to adjust and review current rehabilitation service
delivery and implement changes, as the study progressed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Rehabilitasie word hoofsaaklik deur terapeute in die departement van gesondheid
gelewer binne fasiliteite en vorm ‘n belangrike deel van die Primêre Gesondheid
Sorg dienste (PGS). Daar is verskillende beleid binne die Departement van
Gesondheid beskikbaar, wat rehabilitasie definieer. Ten spyte van beleid, bly die
implimentering van hierdie beleide ‘n uitdaging.
Hierdie studie het ontstaan om the kapasiteit van die organisasie te beskryf, om
rehabilitasie dienste te implimenteer en ook te bepaal hoe hierdie dienste
ooreenstem met die Nasionale Rehabilitasie Beleid (NRB).
‘n Beskrywende metodologie was gebruik, wat uit ‘n kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe
deel bestaan het. ‘n Vraelys is ontwikkel op grond van die 7 doelwitte beskryf binne
die NRB. Dit is gebruik vir die versameling van kwantitatiewe data, by vyf
diensversakffers, `n gesondheidsbestuurder en die bestuurders van twee nieregerings
organisasies. Kwalitatiewe data is verkry deur onderhoude met die vyf
diensverskaffers. ‘n Oudit van pasiënt lêers en die evaluering van dokumente het
kwantitatiewe data versterk.
Na die analisering van data en die behoefte vir addisionele inligting, is ‘n oop-end
vraelys ontwikkel en versprei na deelnemers om te voltooi. Die studie het die organisatoriese kapasiteit van die organisasie ontleed deur
gebruik te maak van Kaplan se raamwerk vir organisasie kapasiteit en die doelwitte
van die NRB, asook sekere geselekteerde artikels uit die “United Nations Convention
of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities” UNCRPD.
Deelnemers het belangrikheid van toegang tot rehabilitasie dienste bevestig, met ‘n
fokus op uitreik na perifêre klinieke in die sub distrik en befondse Nie-Regerings
Organisasies (NRO). Intersektorale skakeling was beskryf, maar beperk tot befondse
NRO’s. Verskillende uitdagings soos bv. gestandardiseerde dokumentasie,
onvoldoende monitering en evalueringssisteme en die dokumentering van inligting
was geïdentifiseer. Die afwesigheid van persone met gestremdhede en hulle
deelname by terapie was genoem deur deelnemers. Verskillende uitdagings asook
fasiliteerders was geïdentifiseer deur deelnemers t.o.v die implementering van
bestaande beleid.
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The contemporary construction of the causality of HIV/AIDS :a discourse analysis and its implications for understanding national policy statements on the epidemic in South Africa.Judge, Melanie January 2005 (has links)
This study was concerned with the social construction of HIV/AIDS at the policy level in contemporary South Africa, and how such constructions shape the manner in which the epidemic is understood in popular discourse.
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Challenges faced by caregivers' caring for poor children not in receipt of the child support grant16 July 2015 (has links)
M.A. (Social Work) / Please refer to full text to view abstract
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A critical analysis of poverty policy and expenditure in South Africa08 August 2012 (has links)
M. Comm. / No country's economy can survive if the majority of its population remains without income, basic services, and tangible assets that will allow for a secure and sustainable livelihood. Addressing poverty and its causes is therefore a core developmental challenge facing the world economy. Throughout history, various explanations and theories have been advanced in the attempt to understand the causes and persistence of poverty. These theories have evolved into an understanding of the complex phenomenon of poverty, as it is perceived today. The importance of these theories is evident in the creation of poverty alleviation strategies and policies, thus a sound understanding of poverty and its complexities is essential. The new poverty agenda formulated by the DFID in conjunction with other international agents has developed strategic guidelines for the alleviation of poverty that have been based on past experience and theoretical literature. These guidelines include the need for economic growth, equality, security, participation, opportunities, and sustainability. South Africa has effectively incorporated these guidelines into its own poverty activities that consider the nature of South Africa's poverty situation. South Africa has a high incidence of poverty, and its society is characterised by extreme inequality. Poverty is disproportionately divided between South Africa's nine provinces, localities, race groups, genders, and age groups. Inequalities and high poverty rates are caused by political, social, economic, and environmental factors. Politically, South Africa was shaped by the apartheid regime that manifested inequality amongst race groups by oppressing and exploiting the black population in favour of the white minority. Social dimensions, such as the inadequacy of food security, lack of education and other basic needs have also contributed to impoverishment. Contributing economic factors include the poor growth of South Africa's economy since the 1980s that has inevitably lead to increases in poverty and unemployment rates. Poor and inadequate living conditions common in South Africa have resulted in environmental degradation, and this has further impoverished the population.
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The child support grant and the fertility of recipient parents in Lenyenye TownshipRabaji, Motheo Madisemelo January 2016 (has links)
Thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Management (in the field of Public and Development Management) to the Faculty of Commerce, Law, and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, 2016 / The research aimed to find out whether one of the unintended outcomes of governments’ top-down implementation of the child support grant was increased fertility among recipients in the rural areas, which generally have higher levels of fertility in the country. South Africa does not have a fertility problem, but development is still much needed in the rural areas. The plight of government, having inherited one of the most unequal society is not minimised. According to Mcnicoll (1998), public transfers among age groups are fertility related. Government directs public expenditures towards social services benefiting the poor. Such expenditures and transfers may significantly modify the economics of fertility as seen by prospective parents. Rural households are more vulnerable because of the economic unviability rooted in the apartheid system. Our study has tried to show how the environment in Lenyenye Township and surrounding villages could make it a possibility for women to see the increment of births as a rational solution for the survival of their family. The theory of bounded rationality was used to demonstrate that rationality is more adaptive to situations based on the environmental constraints. / XL2017
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