La presente investigación permite conocer la problemática sobre el estrés infantil en pacientes pediátricos por la carente humanización del espacio hospitalario. El objetivo general consiste en demostrar que el Diseño Gráfico aplicado mediante la Gráfica Ambiental y la Iconoplástica influye en la humanización de un espacio de salud para reducir el estrés infantil en situación de hospitalización en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, por ende, se genera la hipótesis: “El Diseño Gráfico aplicado mediante la Gráfica Ambiental y la Iconoplástica influye en la humanización de un espacio de salud para reducir el estrés infantil en situación de hospitalización en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia”. El enfoque empleado para esta investigación es mixto. El estudio es de tipo experimental – experimentos puros. La población estuvo conformada por 14 pacientes pediátricos de 5 a 12 años del área de Hospitalización Pediátrica. Se utilizó la encuesta y focus group como técnicas de recopilación de datos de las variables, hospitalización y estrés infantil; se empleó como instrumento el cuestionario para ambas variables. Por lo que se plantea como solución, la intervención gráfica del ambiente hospitalario para pediatrizar y humanizar el área de hospitalización. Esta se plantea en base a los resultados obtenidos y a la necesidad de adaptar un espacio hospitalario a las necesidades infantiles. En conclusión, la respuesta por parte de los pacientes pediátricos fue positiva y los resultados de los testeos indicaron un 90% de acierto. Motivo por el cual, se pudo corroborar la hipótesis planteada. / The present research allows to know the problem of child stress in paediatric patients due to the lack of humanization of the hospital space. The general objective is to demonstrate that the Graphic Design applied through the Environmental Chart and the Iconoplastic influences the humanization of a health space to reduce the stress of children in hospitalization in the Hospital National Cayetano Heredia, the hypothesis is therefore generated: "The Graphic Design applied through the Environmental Chart and the Iconoplastic influences the humanization of a health space to reduce the stress of children in hospitalization at the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital." The approach used for this research is mixed. The study is experimental – pure experiments. The population consisted of 14 paediatric patients from 5 to 12 years of age in the area of Pediatric Hospitalization. The survey and focus group were used as data collection techniques for variables, hospitalization and child stress; the questionnaire for both variables was used as a tool. As a solution, the graphic intervention of the hospital environment to pediatricize and humanize the area of hospitalization. This is based on the results obtained and the need to adapt a hospital space to children’s needs. In conclusion, the response of paediatric patients was positive and the results of the tests were 90% success, so the hypothesis could be validated. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente investigación permite conocer la problemática sobre el estrés infantil en pacientes pediátricos por la carente humanización del espacio hospitalario. El objetivo general consiste en demostrar que el Diseño Gráfico aplicado mediante la Gráfica Ambiental y la Iconoplástica influye en la humanización de un espacio de salud para reducir el estrés infantil en situación de hospitalización en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, por ende, se genera la hipótesis: “El Diseño Gráfico aplicado mediante la Gráfica Ambiental y la Iconoplástica influye en la humanización de un espacio de salud para reducir el estrés infantil en situación de hospitalización en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia”. El enfoque empleado para esta investigación es mixto. El estudio es de tipo experimental – experimentos puros. La población estuvo conformada por 14 pacientes pediátricos de 5 a 12 años del área de Hospitalización Pediátrica. Se utilizó la encuesta y focus group como técnicas de recopilación de datos de las variables, hospitalización y estrés infantil; se empleó como instrumento el cuestionario para ambas variables. Por lo que se plantea como solución, la intervención gráfica del ambiente hospitalario para pediatrizar y humanizar el área de hospitalización. Esta se plantea en base a los resultados obtenidos y a la necesidad de adaptar un espacio hospitalario a las necesidades infantiles. En conclusión, la respuesta por parte de los pacientes pediátricos fue positiva y los resultados de los testeos indicaron un 90% de acierto. Motivo por el cual, se pudo corroborar la hipótesis planteada. / The present research allows to know the problem of child stress in paediatric patients due to the lack of humanization of the hospital space. The general objective is to demonstrate that the Graphic Design applied through the Environmental Chart and the Iconoplastic influences the humanization of a health space to reduce the stress of children in hospitalization in the Hospital National Cayetano Heredia, the hypothesis is therefore generated: "The Graphic Design applied through the Environmental Chart and the Iconoplastic influences the humanization of a health space to reduce the stress of children in hospitalization at the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital." The approach used for this research is mixed. The study is experimental – pure experiments. The population consisted of 14 paediatric patients from 5 to 12 years of age in the area of Pediatric Hospitalization. The survey and focus group were used as data collection techniques for variables, hospitalization and child stress; the questionnaire for both variables was used as a tool. As a solution, the graphic intervention of the hospital environment to pediatricize and humanize the area of hospitalization. This is based on the results obtained and the need to adapt a hospital space to children’s needs. In conclusion, the response of paediatric patients was positive and the results of the tests were 90% success, so the hypothesis could be validated. / Trabajo de investigación

La investigación enfoca su objetivo principal en identificar los elementos gráficos del diseño ambiental que intervienen en la productividad aplicada al trabajo remoto. Por lo tanto, se propuso la hipótesis de que los elementos gráficos del diseño ambiental que intervienen en la productividad aplicada al trabajo remoto son el color, la iluminación y los materiales y herramientas visuales. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo transversal descriptivo en el que se analizaron espacios laborales en el hogar impuestos por el contexto de la pandemia. Entre los principales hallazgos se identificó que la mayoría de los espacios examinados son áreas compartidas del hogar. Por lo tanto, existe cierta limitación en la optimización de la aplicación de los elementos gráficos que conforman el diseño ambiental. Sin embargo, aquellos espacios que están determinados para esta actividad tienen mayor flexibilidad para personalizar su espacio, agregar herramientas visuales y la oportunidad de integrar elementos del diseño ambiental. Así, se concluyó que en el marco de la emergencia sanitaria existe dificultad para proyectar un espacio de trabajo en el hogar. Sin embargo, se confirma que los elementos gráficos del diseño ambiental que intervienen en la productividad aplicada al trabajo remoto son el color, la iluminación y los materiales y herramientas visuales, ya que estos deben estar consignados en favor de la optimización de la experiencia de trabajo. / The research focuses its main objective on identifying the graphic elements of environmental design that intervene in productivity applied to remote work. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the graphic elements of environmental design that intervene in productivity applied to remote work are color, lighting, and visual materials and tools. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in which work spaces in the home imposed by the context of the pandemic were analyzed. Among the main findings, it was identified that the majority of the examined spaces are shared areas of the home. Therefore, there is a certain limitation in optimizing the application of the graphic elements that make up the environmental design. However, those spaces that are determined for this activity have greater flexibility to personalize their space, add visual tools and the opportunity to integrate elements of environmental design. Therefore, it was concluded that in the framework of the health emergency there is difficulty in projecting a workspace at home. However, it is confirmed that the graphic elements of the environmental design that intervene in productivity applied to remote work are color, lighting, and visual materials and tools, since these must be consigned in favor of optimizing the work experience. / Trabajo de investigación

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:16:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo.pdf: 6896602 bytes, checksum: 0181096bd79763e3c6082476fad16b08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-22 / The advent of the Environmental Graphic in the urban context is a phenomenon whose occurrence is being increasingly noticed. Once it is conceptually detached from Visual Communication it acquires consistent evidence in its manifestations permitting to idealize an independent behavior until it reaches its own modus operandi. The access to the Environmental Graphic s constructive strategies makes it possible to put in place the descriptions that promote its specialization. The conceptual approach takes place between the organization of the material, with its mixed codes, and the composition of the spatial surrounding, responsible for the articulation of the text s interpreting categories. The Environmental Graphic relates graphic and space in their syntax. The objective of the research is to recognize and report the Environmental Graphic phenomenon, assessing its configuration and spatial distribution possibilities, which, jointly, create the profile of a typical language that tries to relate the graphic s visual aspect with the topical medium. Between the constructive aspect of the material and the interpretation there is the path covered by the observer to get in touch with the text inscribed, where the instances of seizure of this experimented space act. In this context, relations between image and environment and the latter with information are analyzed as referential landmarks orienting the navigation across this winding pathway. Supported by notions captured in the daily practice, the work turns to the theoretical support of semiotics and the collaboration of phenomenology to fundament this empiric basis, such as comprehensively constructing sense relations while it relies on authors whose investigative trajectory runs tangent to their writings thematic. In addition to allowing the recognition of the Environmental Graphic, the study is useful to draw a base for its analytical procedure in a logic reasoning with a pragmatic bias that enables placing the observer as an active participant of the Environmental Graphic s designing process. Substituting the observer, this is achieved through examples extracted from the urban context, functioning as practical proofs of an elaborated observation / O aparecimento do Gráfico Ambiental no contexto urbano é um fenômeno cuja ocorrência é cada vez mais notada. Uma vez conceitualmente desgarrado da Comunicação Visual, adquire consistente evidência em suas manifestações, o que lhe permite idealizar um comportamento independente até alcançar um modo próprio de operar. O acesso às estratégias construtivas do Gráfico Ambiental torna possível efetivar as descrições que promovem sua especialização. A abordagem conceitual é empreendida entre a organização do material com seus códigos mesclados e a composição do entorno espacial, responsáveis pelas articulações das categorias de leitura do texto elaborado. O Gráfico Ambiental necessariamente relaciona gráfico com espaço em sua sintaxe. A pesquisa tem como objetivo reconhecer e relatar o fenômeno do Gráfico Ambiental, avaliando suas possibilidades de configuração e de distribuição espacial, que, conjuntamente, elaboram o perfil de uma linguagem típica que procura relacionar o aspecto visual do gráfico com o meio tópico. Entre o aspecto construtivo do material e a interpretação há o trajeto percorrido pelo observador na tomada de contato com o texto inscrito, em que atuam as instâncias de apreensão deste espaço experimentado. Neste contexto, são analisadas as relações entre imagem e ambiente e deste último com a informação, consolidando marcos referenciais que orientam a navegação por esse tortuoso caminho . Amparado por noções coletadas na prática diária, o trabalho recorre ao apoio teórico da semiótica e à colaboração da fenomenologia para fundamentar essa base empírica, assim como construir compreensivamente relações de sentido, ao mesmo tempo em que se apóia em autores cuja trajetória investigativa tangencie a temática em seus escritos. Além de permitir o reconhecimento do Gráfico Ambiental, o estudo serve ao propósito de embasar o seu procedimento analítico em um raciocínio lógico com viés pragmático que permita dispor o observador como participante ativo do processo de feitura do Gráfico Ambiental. Substituindo o observador, isso é atingido através de leituras de exemplos extraídos do contexto urbano, funcionando como atestados práticos de uma observação elaborada

La presente investigación analiza el sistema de señalética y diseño gráfico ambiental del Metro de Lima y la manera que impacta en la movilidad de las personas con discapacidad visual. Se identifica las características del sistema, las necesidades de las personas con discapacidad visual respecto a su movilidad y el modo de interacción de éstas con este establecimiento. Se propone como hipótesis que el sistema de señalética y diseño gráfico ambiental tiene deficiencias que impactan de manera social en la vida de las personas con discapacidad visual. Para esta investigación se aplica un enfoque cualitativo, se analiza un espacio y un grupo humano determinado, a través de la observación, investigación de campo, análisis visual y de experiencias. Se recaudó documentación visual, listas de frecuencias y cotejo. Los principales hallazgos fueron que el sistema efectivamente tiene deficiencias que lo convierten en un servicio limitado y no inclusivo, provocando inaccesibilidad al transporte de personas con discapacidad visual. En consecuencia, hay una restricción de participación social, dificultad de poder satisfacer necesidades y deseos diarios. Para concluir, el sistema sí impacta en las formas de desplazamiento de estas personas, afecta su desarrollo personal al no poder cumplir con necesidades diarias y en su desenvolvimiento social e inclusivo puesto que, a través de la posibilidad de movilidad autónoma en los espacios hay interacción, como hacer actividades o conocer, hablar, estar con otro. Además, se propone crear una solución con un diseño universal, que no sea exclusivo de personas que presenten discapacidades físicas, sino que sea apto para todos. / This research analyzes the environmental signage and graphic design system of the Metro de Lima and the way it impacts the mobility of people with visual disabilities. It seeks to analyze the characteristics of the system, identify the needs regarding its mobility and the mode of impact. It was proposed as a hypothesis that the environmental signage and graphic design system has deficiencies that have a social impact on the lives of people with visual disabilities. The most functional for this research is a qualitative approach, a space and a certain group are analyzed, through observation, field research, visual analysis and experiences. Visual documentation and frequency lists and checklists were collected. The main findings were that the system does indeed have deficiencies that make it a limited and non-inclusive service, causing inaccessibility to transportation. Consequently, there is a restriction of social participation, difficulty of being able to satisfy daily needs and desires. To conclude, the system does impact on the mobility of these people, affects their personal development by not being able to meet daily needs and their social and inclusive development since, through mobility in spaces there is interaction, such as doing activities or meet, talk, be with another. In addition, it is proposed to create a solution with a universal design, which is not exclusive to people with physical disabilities, but is suitable for everyone. / Trabajo de investigación