Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-01T12:53:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Versão Final (3).pdf: 5510346 bytes, checksum: cfe7666f2f57df417ad7765601323660 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T12:53:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Versão Final (3).pdf: 5510346 bytes, checksum: cfe7666f2f57df417ad7765601323660 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-25 / CAPEs / A preocupação ambiental tem se tornado comum nas empresas de mineração que buscam conciliar o desenvolvimento frente às questões de sustentabilidade. Diante disso, busca-se neste breve estudo apresentar possibilidades de um melhor aproveitamento dos rejeitos do Granito Sucuru, cuja jazida encontra-se desativada, a qual se situa na região do Cariri Paraibano, no município de Sumé, PB. A proposta de estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva da região analisada e preservação do ambiente, buscando ao longo desse estudo mitigar os efeitos dos impactos ambientais gerados e a necessidade de dar uma destinação econômica aos rejeitos gerados pelas atividades da cadeia produtiva da região, objetivando criar uma área de deposição comum para os estoques remanescentes do rejeito, dando a estes uma destinação econômica, gerando ocupação e renda a comunidade local, ao tempo em que atenua os impactos ambientais gerados pela exploração do granito Azul Sucuru na região de Sumé, PB. Assim, a pesquisa do campo ambiental e da mineralogia das rochas industriais abrangeu a observação direta da área analisada, a pesquisa bibliográfica voltada aos estudos ambientais e a sua possível interface com os estudos das aplicações de rochas industriais para a construção civil, os ensaios laboratoriais, que analisaram os índices físicos, a análise granulométrica da rocha, investigações de microscopia em seções delgadas e também em grãos, complementados por análises de difratometria de raios X. Portanto, com esse estudo é possível se analisar uma melhor viabilidade econômica e ambiental da área compreendida pelo Granito Sucuru, na qual os rejeitos possam ser aproveitados sob a forma de brita e argamassa para a indústria, além de poder ser usado na forma de rocha ornamental e de revestimento sendo aplicada em revestimentos internos e/ou externos, seja em áreas secas e/ou úmidas e também em pisos de grande intensidade de pisoteio. Ainda, os rejeitos do “Azul Sucuru” podem ter aproveitamento sob a forma de brita para construção civil, apesar de apresentar 27% de britas de forma alongada. Isto não seria empecilho para uso na confecção de concretos desde que cuidados devam ser tomados quanto à forma e dimensão do grão para evitar que as mesmas fiquem presas entre as barras de aço que compõem a armadura e dificultem o adensamento do concreto, podendo causar problemas como segregação da mistura e vazios nas fôrmas. / Environmental concern has become commonplace in the mining companies seeking to reconcile the forward development to sustainability issues . Therefore , we seek to present this brief study possibilities for a better use of the Granite Sucuru waste , whose field is turned off, which is located in Paraíba Cariri region , in the municipality of Sumé , PB . The study proposal was aimed at the development of the productive chain of the analyzed region and preserving the environment, seeking throughout this study mitigate the effects of the generated environmental impacts and the need to give an economic allocation of the waste generated by the activities of the production chain in the region , aimed at creating a common deposition area for the remaining stocks of the waste, giving them an economic destination, generating jobs and income to the local community, to the time that mitigates the environmental impacts generated by the exploitation of granite Blue Sucuru in Sumé region PB. So research the environmental field and mineralogy of industrial rocks covered the direct observation of the analyzed area, the literature focused on environmental studies and their possible interface with the studies of applications of industrial rocks for construction, laboratory testing, who analyzed the physical indices, the particle size analysis of rock, microscopy investigations into thin sections and also in grains, supplemented by diffraction analysis X-ray Therefore, with this study it is possible to analyze a better economic and environmental viability of understood area by Sucuru granite, in which the wastes can be recovered in the form of crushed stone and mortar industry and can also be used as ornamental rock and coating being applied in internal and / or external cladding, either in dry areas and / or wet and also in intensive trampling floors. Also, the rejects of the " Blue Sucuru " may have use in the form of crushed rock , building construction , despite having 27% of gravel elongated . This would be no bar to use in the making of concrete since care should be taken in form and grain size to prevent them from becoming trapped between the steel barsthat make up the armor and hinder the consolidation of concrete and can cause problems such as segregation of the mixture and the empty molds.

This thesis is concerned with  procedural generation in a genre of games where it is not very common; 2D  physics-based  puzzle  games.  I  will  explore which  different  methods  of  procedural  generation that  will  work  with  this  kind  of  game,  if  any.  If there  is  an  easy  way  to  implement  procedural generation  it  could cut down on the game designers work  load  significantly,  which  would  allow  more content to be produced at a higher pace.

Dans cette étude, nous examinons la trajectoire d’un migrant canadien-français au XIXe siècle, Sam Gravel, ainsi que les changements identitaires qu’il subit en fonction des lieux de migration qu’il atteint. Sam se rend en Nouvelle-Angleterre en 1882 pendant quelques mois. Il revient brièvement au Québec puis immigre dans l’Ouest canadien en 1883 et y demeurera jusqu’en 1891. Il s’établira ensuite dans le Midwest américain jusqu’en 1897. Il rentrera finalement au Québec et s’installera dans le village de Somerset en 1897. Il décède en 1899 d’une noyade à Québec. C’est en analysant son parcours migratoire, son mode d’établissement et son discours que nous pouvons déterminer comment s’insère sa migration dans les courants de migration du XIXe siècle. Est-ce que ses choix sont représentatifs de la majorité des migrants de l’époque ? Comment ces choix influencent-ils sa perception des autres groupes ethniques ainsi que ses valeurs religieuses et familiales? Sam tient un discours qui se rapproche beaucoup de celui des Canadiens français de l’époque alors qu’il se trouve dans l’Ouest canadien et tend à s’en dégager alors qu’il atteint le Midwest américain.

Within any ecosystem, information needs are shared to be fulfilled and to support the ecosystem in a way or another. They are vital for designing appropriate information systems that will provide those needs. In this thesis, the gravel road ecosystem is studied, where efficient information sharing is not enabled due to the lack of appropriate information systems. Thus,when focusing on the gravel roads ecosystem, information plays a crucial role regarding the maintenance acts upon these roads. Moreover, not enough literature investigates theinformation needs of gravel roads stakeholders with the aim to improve the maintenance ofthese roads. Therefore, this thesis intends to elicit information needs of gravel road stakeholders by performing an exploratory case study. The case study forms a part of an ongoing project with the goal to build a cloud-based information system for a sustainable gravel road maintenance. Data were collected through telephone- and online-based interviews with several key stakeholders in Sweden and were thereafter structured through template analysis. The major findings were a set of information needs and several needed sensors within the pre-mentioned information system. This thesis concluded that the future cloud-based information system in the ongoing project is a useful system for sharing vital information among future gravel roads stakeholders, considering the variety of needed information that affects the maintenance of the gravel roads. / Sustainable maintenance of gravel roads

This master´s thesis deals with the modernization of several years operating equipment of cold dosing for production of concrete. Solves the complete design of a new conveyor and problems identified in the operation of the device.

Those who frequent the coastline may be accustomed to seeing driftwood washed onshore, some of it having seemingly found a home there for many years, others having been freshly deposited during the last set of storms; However, if a passerby were to take a closer look at the driftwood on the coastline, they may notice that some of these logs – also known as Large Woody Debris (LWD) – are anchored in place, a practice which is generally used for the purpose of stabilizing the shoreline or reducing wave-induced flooding. Records of existing anchored LWD project sites date back to 1997 and anecdotal evidence suggests that the technique has been used since the mid-1900’s in coastal British Columbia (BC), Canada, and Washington State, USA. Now, with an increased demand for natural and nature-based solutions, the technique is again gaining popularity. Despite this, the design of anchored LWD has largely been based on anecdotal observations and experience, as well as a continuity of design practices from the river engineering field. To date, there is no known peer-reviewed literature on the design or efficacy of LWD protection systems in a coastal environment. In 2019, the “Efficacy and Design of Coastal Protection using Large Woody Debris” research project was initiated to determine if LWD are effective at stabilizing the shoreline under wave action, if they are effective at reducing wave run-up, and if they are durable enough to meet engineering requirements for shore protection. In addition, the project aimed to determine the optimum configuration of LWD for design purposes. To meet these objectives, this study included the following work: (1) field studies of existing LWD installations, (2) experimental modeling of beach morphology with and without LWD structures, (3) experimental modeling of wave run-up with and without LWD structures, and (4) development of preliminary design guidance. The first phase of the project included field investigations at 15 existing anchored LWD sites in coastal BC and Washington State. Site characteristics, design techniques, and durability indicators were examined and correlated to a new design life parameter: ‘Effective Life’. Six primary installation techniques were observed: Single, Multiple, Benched, Stacked, Matrix, and Groyne. Observed durability and/or performance issues included: missing LWD, erosion, arson, wood decay, and anchor corrosion/damage. The Effective Life of anchored LWD was found to be strongly correlated to the tidal range and the upper beach slope for all installation types, and the LWD placement elevation relative to the beach crest elevation for single, shore-parallel structures. The many noted durability issues and ineffectiveness as mitigating erosion indicates that existing design methods for anchored LWD have not generally been effective at providing coastal protection and meeting engineering design life requirements. A comprehensive set of over 60 experimental tests were completed as part of the overall research program. Thirty-two (32) tests were analyzed as part of this study relating to the morphological response of a gravel beach with and without various LWD configurations. The tests were conducted within a wave flume at the National Research Council’s Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Research Centre (NRC-OCRE), at a large scale (5:1) based on site characteristics and LWD design characteristics made during the previous field investigations. Tests were also conducted to assess experiment repeatability, sensitivity to test duration, sensitivity to wave height, wave period, and relative water level, influence of regular waves, and influence of log roughness. The position of the most seaward LWD (whether considering distance or elevation) was found to be strongly linked to morphological response. A theoretical relationship was developed between LWD elevation and sediment volume change. Configurations which included LWD placement below the still water level, such as the Benched configuration, were found to be most effective at stabilizing the beach profile. As part of the experimental modeling program, 24 tests were also conducted for the purpose of estimating the effect of LWD design configuration on wave run-up. In total, six different beach and LWD configurations were tested under a base set of four regular wave conditions. The study findings indicated that anchored LWD may increase wave run-up relative to a gravel beach with no structures. In particular, configurations with more logs tended to result in higher wave run-up. However, additional research is needed on the effect of LWD on wave run-up to confirm and expand these findings. There are a number of potential engineering, ecological, social, and economic benefits associated with anchored LWD installations if designed, installed, and monitored appropriately for the site conditions and user needs. To realize these potential benefits, significant additional research is needed on the topic. One of the most significant barriers to usage is a lack of information on how to effectively anchor LWD structures. However, this research project provides a baseline for future comprehensive studies on the effect and design of coastal protection using LWD. The project provides preliminary design considerations for the usage of LWD as coastal protection and contributes to the growing body of literature on nature-based solutions.

Braided channels arise due to high sediment availability in conjunction with regular competent flows and readily erodible banks. Together, these boundary conditions lead to the deposition and reworking of a network of transient bars that characterize the braided planform. However, quantifying the geomorphic response of braided systems to alterations in these boundary conditions is not straightforward, as channels adjust over a wide range of timescales, rendering traditional field-based observation intractable. As such, the development of simple yet robust relationships between channel morphology and sediment transport has the potential to allow predictions of channel response to altered hydrologic or sediment regimes. In this research, I first use laboratory flume experiments to relate particle travel distance during floods (termed particle path length) and the spacing of channel bars in braided rivers (Chapter 2), finding that deposition sites for sediment in transport can be readily predicted by the characteristic confluence-diffluence spacing in a reach. I then use the relationship between path length and channel morphology to build a simple, open-source morphodynamic model for braided rivers that computes sediment transport using path-length distributions derived from bar spacing (Chapter 3). I explore the validity of this model, specifically noting that its modular framework allows exploration of process representations in morphodynamic modeling in ways existing models do not. Finally, I employ the model to determine the role of sediment supply in braided channel bar morphodynamics (Chapter 4). Specifically, I address the relative roles of sediment sourced from upstream versus sediment sourced from within a braided reach in terms of channel morphodynamics at decadal timescales. This research demonstrates that simple scaling relationships, while necessarily imperfect, nevertheless provide insight into morphodynamic processes in braided rivers, while also allowing predictions of channel response to sediment or hydrologic forcing at the timescales of channel adjustment.

This thesis studied unpaved highway shoulders, and in particular shoulders of lower volume asphalt pavements being overlaid. The primary objective was to better understand how different shoulder aggregates perform on lower volume routes with asphalt surfaces and relatively narrow shoulders. A literature review and an evaluation of a full-scale test section containing five aggregate categories in nine test sections over a thirty-four-month period were the primary efforts performed to evaluate unpaved highway shoulders. The study concluded shoulder width measurements were not especially informative, and that California Bearing Ratio measurements were only modestly informative. Crushed concrete outperformed all other aggregates, though the remaining aggregate categories (gravel, limestone, steel slag, and reclaimed asphalt pavement) also had a reasonable case for being moved forward toward possible specification updates. The primary recommendation of this thesis is to use the data contained herein to further shoulder aggregate specifications for the Mississippi Department of Transportation.

Twelve field projects were studied where fortyour locations were evaluated to assess the cause or causes of asphalt concrete that exhibits ‘tender zone’ characteristics and to investigate the tendency of these mixes to be susceptible to moisture damage. Data was collected during construction and samples were obtained to conduct laboratory tests. Field and laboratory data was used to develop multiple regression equations to predict final in place air voids and moisture susceptibility. The overall conclusion was that compactability appeared to be predicted in a reasonable manner while moisture susceptibility did not. The Methylene Blue test appears promising when used in conjunction with cold feed and/or mix moisture as a means of providing guidance for achieving higher in place density. The tensile strength ratio (TSR) test as performed in this research on laboratory compacted specimens was found to be questionable in terms of its ability to predict field moisture susceptibility.

Full-scale lateral load tests were performed on a pile cap with five backfill conditions: no backfill, densely compacted fine gravel, loosely compacted fine gravel, densely compacted coarse gravel, and loosely compacted coarse gravel. Static loads, applied by hydraulic load actuators, were followed by low-frequency, actuator-driven cyclic loads as well as higher frequency dynamic loads from an eccentric mass shaker. Passive resistance from the backfill significantly increased the lateral capacity of the pile cap. Densely compacted backfill materials contributed about 70% of the total system resistance, whereas loosely compacted backfill materials contributed about 40%. The mobilized passive resistance occurred at displacement-to-height ratios of about 0.04 for the densely compacted gravels, whereas passive resistance in the loosely compacted materials does not fully mobilize until greater displacements are reached. Three methods were used to model the passive resistance of the backfill. Comparisons between calculated and measured responses for the densely compacted backfills indicate that in-situ shear strength test parameters provide reasonable agreement when a log-spiral method is used. Reasonable agreement for the loosely compacted backfills was obtained by either significantly reducing the interface friction angle to near zero or reducing the soil's frictional strength by a factor ranging from 0.65 to 0.85. Cracking, elevation changes, and horizontal strains in the backfill indicate that the looser materials fail differently than their densely compacted counterparts. Under both low frequency cyclic loading and higher frequency shaker loading, the backfill significantly increased the stiffness of the system. Loosely compacted soils approximately doubled the stiffness of the pile cap without backfill and densely compacted materials roughly quadrupled the stiffness of the pile cap. The backfill also affected the damping of the system in both the cyclic and the dynamic cases, with a typical damping ratio of at least 15% being observed for the foundation system.