Ce travail propose une étude de la poétique de la douleur, tant physique et morale, dans certaines œuvres choisies de la poésie grecque archaïque et classique. Il démontre comment la douleur remplit une fonction essentielle dans les œuvres étudiées, en tant que moteur de l’action et mode de caractérisation des personnages, ainsi que par les liens qu’elle établit avec les thèmes centraux plus larges. L’étude de la poétique à proprement parler permet par ailleurs d’examiner en arrière-plan la question historico-culturelle de la valeur éthique et sociale de la douleur. Trois œuvres servent de cas d’étude: l’Iliade d’Homère (le livre V en particulier), l’Orestie d’Eschyle (principalement l’Agamemnon), et le Philoctète de Sophocle. Le premier chapitre traite de la douleur divine dans l’Iliade, en contraste avec celle des simples mortels. Le deuxième chapitre propose de réexaminer la question de la douleur et du chagrin de la perte dans l’Orestie d’Eschyle, en portant une attention particulière à la nature perverse de la souffrance maternelle de Clytemnestre. Le troisième et dernier chapitre examine la représentation de la douleur dans le Philoctète de Sophocle, et le caractère ambigu de la souffrance du héros, en analysant comment celle-ci sert à la fois de menace et de catalyseur de l’humanité de la victime souffrante elle-même et de ses témoins. / The present study offers an exploration of selected representations of physical and moral pain in archaic and classical Greek poetry, with a focus on the poetics. The analysis centers on the extent to which depictions of pain fulfill a central role in the works selected, as motor of the plot, instrumental mode of characterization, and link to key overarching themes. In the course of the examination of its poetic function, the cultural-historical question of pain’s ethical and social value emerges as a dominant background axis of investigation. Three works serve as case studies: the Homeric Iliad (book V in particular), Aeschylus’ Oresteia (mainly the Agamemnon), and Sophocles’ Philoctetes. The first chapter deals with the portrayal of divine pain in the Iliad, by contrasting it with that of mortals. The second chapter seeks to offer a better understanding of the portrayals of pain and loss in Aeschylus’ Oresteia, with particular focus on the perverse nature of Clytemnestra’s maternal suffering. The third and final chapter turns to the representation of pain in Sophocles’ Philoctetes and the ambivalence of the eponymous hero’s suffering, analyzing how it serves both as a threat and a catalyst to the humanity of the sufferer himself and that of his witnesses.

Quando pensamos no Hades, o mundo dos mortos grego, duas divindades femininas logo nos vêm à mente: Perséfone, sua rainha, e Hécate, deusa da magia. Essas são as imagens que temos, contemporaneamente, dessas deusas, sobretudo por influência romana e, posteriormente, shakespeariana. No entanto, podemos afirmar que essas foram sempre as imagens associadas às duas deusas? O objetivo deste trabalho foi, portanto, investigar a representação das deusas Perséfone e Hécate na poesia do período arcaico (VIII-V a.C.) com maior enfoque no Hino Homérico a Deméter e na poesia de Hesíodo, mas também passando por outros autores e gêneros poéticos, bem como traçando paralelos com as esferas iconográfica e cultual , de forma a resgatar a figuração primordial e a importância dessas divindades no mundo grego arcaico. / When we think about the Hades, the Greek underworld, two female divinities soon come to mind: Persephone, its queen, and Hecate, goddess of magic. These are the images we associate with them, contemporarily, especially due to Roman, but later, to Shakespearian influence. However, can we affirm with certainty that these were always the images associated with the two goddesses? The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the representation of Persephone and Hecate in the poetry of the archaic period (8th-5th century B.C.) focusing more closely on the Homeric Hymn to Demeter and on Hesiods poetry, but also going through other poets and genres, as well as establishing paralells with the iconographic and cultual spheres , so as to rediscover the primordial figuration and importance of these goddesses in the archaic Greek world.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / All the poems of Catullus and Tibullus and the first three books of Horace's Odes are investigated tor structures of parallelism and inverse paralelism (chiasmus) and thus the extent to which these devices were used is determined. Such structures are demonstrated for the first time for several poems. Sometimes additions or modifications are made to the structural analyses of other scholars, and sometimes their findings are confirmed. The notion that inverse parallelism was seldom used by Roman authors is dispelled. The freedom with which these devices were used, resulting in a great variety of deviations from strictly symmetrical structures, is demonstrated Both common and idiosyncratic features in the use of the devices by the three authors are shown. Several poems of each author are discussed to illustrate that the demonstration of a structure of parallelism or inverse parallelism is in itself an interpretative act, which can at the same time serve as a basis for further interpretation. In particular it is shown that structures of inverse parallelism often, if not always, iconically reflect the meaning of the poem (hence the title of the thesis) This ability or structures of inverse parallelism to reflect the meaning of the poem may partly account for the fact that they are used more frequently than are structures of parallelism. In the poems discussed structures of inverse parallelism iconically reflect the ideas of reversal, cyclical movement, non-progression/deadlock, balance and/or contrast and enclosure, as well as combinations of the above, such as a spiral (both progression and non-progression) or the combination of reversal and nonprogression. Continuity between the structural methods of Greek and Roman authors is demonstrated, and a theoretical framework is provided, which answers the questions how such structures can be determined, and what purposes, both practical and poetic, they serve. A literary-critical awareness of inverse parallelism in Antiquity is demonstrated. St. Augustine, especially, has a fairly developed theoretical frame of reference on the subject, in his De Genest ad Litteram / Andrew Chakane 2019

A finalidade deste trabalho é realizar um comentário à 7ª Ode Olímpica de Píndaro. Adicionalmente, procura demonstrar a maneira como a obra desse autor foi citada ou aludida no mundo de língua grega, até a publicação, em 1515, da edição de Zacarias Calierges, e como se formou a crítica pindárica nos séculos XIX e XX. / This work aims to present a comment to Pindar\'s 7th Olympian Ode. Additionally, it intents not only to demonstrate the way Pindar\'s work was mentioned or referred to in Greek language until the publication of Zacarias Calierges\' edition, in 1515, but also show how the pindaric criticism of XIX and XX centuries was shaped.

No description available.

A finalidade deste trabalho é realizar um comentário à 7ª Ode Olímpica de Píndaro. Adicionalmente, procura demonstrar a maneira como a obra desse autor foi citada ou aludida no mundo de língua grega, até a publicação, em 1515, da edição de Zacarias Calierges, e como se formou a crítica pindárica nos séculos XIX e XX. / This work aims to present a comment to Pindar\'s 7th Olympian Ode. Additionally, it intents not only to demonstrate the way Pindar\'s work was mentioned or referred to in Greek language until the publication of Zacarias Calierges\' edition, in 1515, but also show how the pindaric criticism of XIX and XX centuries was shaped.

No description available.

RESUMO Serão investigadas, nesta dissertação, as origens da democracia ateniense através da análise de quatro epigramas de Simônides de Ceos e da contextualização de alguns outros. Partindo do assassinato de Hiparco por Harmódio e Aristogíton e traçando suas conseqüências, tanto do ponto de vista mítico quando político, tentaremos demonstrar como o povo, agora identificado como mesmo ideal de igualdade perante a lei (isonomia), foi capaz de afastar tanto o perigo de uma helotização da Ática, quanto o de uma submissão ao império aquemênida, ao vencer duas batalhas decisivas, cujo relato foi preservado em inscrições que chegaram até nós sob o nome de Simônides por transmissão literária ou epigráfica ou ambas. Também iremos lidar com todos os aspectos relativos à composição, caráter e transmissão de cada um dos quatro epigramas comentados, além de fornecer uma tradução de todos os outros - incluindo os novos fragmentos elegíacos recentemente descobertos - que possam ter alguma relevância para o assunto em questão. / The origins of Athenian democracy are herein surveyed through the analysis of four Simonidean epigrams and the canvassing of several others. Starting from the murder of Hipparchus by Harmodius and Aristogeiton, and following its consequences, both mythic and political, we shall proceed to demonstrate how the people, now identified with the same democratic ideal, was able to eschew both the danger of helotization by Sparta and submission by the Persian Empire by its winning two decisive battles recorded in inscriptions that came down to us either through literary or epigraphical transmission or both. We shall also deal with all aspects surrounding the composition, nature and transmission of each of the four epigrams, besides providing a translation of all other epigrams - including the newly discovered elegiac fragments - that may bear any relevancy to the subject under appreciation.

Le Dictionnaire des hapax dans la poésie grecque archaïque, d'Homère à Eschyle vise à inventorier les hapax absolus (mots uniques) de la poésie archaïque. Chaque entrée du dictionnaire offre une traduction du lemme, son analyse morphologique et lexicale ainsi que sa situation en contexte, pour expliquer son sémantisme et son étiologie. Des remarques métriques viennent compléter ces explications. Ce dictionnaire peut servir de référence ouverte à tous ceux qui s’intéressent à la création lexicale de près ou de loin, à la fois pour des travaux stylistiques et métriques, mais aussi des travaux de traduction, de papyrologie ou d’épigraphie. Il représente un outil précieux pour favoriser la recherche sur la création lexicale pour tous les linguistes. Il peut être utile aux spécialistes de littérature dans toutes les langues car il constitue une base de travail pour une véritable réflexion sur la création poétique. Un volume de commentaire au dictionnaire, Hapax legomena dans la poésie archaïque, offre une définition précise et une réflexion sur la notion d’hapax absolu, une analyse des caractéristiques majeures de la création deshapax chez les auteurs archaïques, un inventaire thématique des principaux morphèmes préfixaux et suffixaux mais aussi des lexèmes les plus récurrents en composition. Enfin, la question de la réception des hapax en synchronie, par les spectateurs ou auditeurs anciens mais aussi par les scholiastes et lexicographes, comme en diachronie, à cause des difficultés d’interprétation de certaines leçons dans les manuscrits, est traitée. / The Dictionary of hapax legomena in early Greek poetry, from Homer to Aeschylus, aims to inventory the absolute hapax unique words) in archaic poetry. Each entry in the dictionary offers a translation of the lemma, its morphological and lexical analysis as well as its situation in context, to explain its semantics and etiology. Metric remarks complete these explanations. This dictionary can serve as an open reference for all those interested in lexical creation from near and far, both for stylistic and metrical work, but also works of translation, papyrology or epigraphy. It is a valuable tool for promoting lexical creation research for all linguists. It can be useful to literary specialists in all languages as it provides a basis for a real reflection on poetic creation. A volume of commentary on the dictionary, Hapax legomena in early poetry, offers a precise definition and a reflection about the notion of absolute hapax, an analysis of the major features of hapax creation in archaic authors, a thematic inventory of the main prefix and suffixal morphemes, but also the most recurrent lexemes in composition. Finally, the question of the reception of the hapax is treated, first in synchrony, by the spectators or listeners but also by scholiasts and lexicographers, then in diachronic, because of the difficulties of interpretation of some lessons in the manuscripts.

Thèse--Fribourg. / "Bibliographie": p. [v]-vii.