Parcerias entre governo e organizações sociais tornaram-se uma importante ferramenta para a execução de políticas públicas. Com a interdependência dos atores, a relação entre público e privado é remodelada constantemente, o que faz emergir novas formas de ação social coordenada ou governança. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo propor ao Governo do Estado de Roraima a adoção de uma ferramenta semelhante à Rede Parceria Social (RPS), utilizada pelo Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com o intuito de indicar caminhos para a conquista de mais e melhores oportunidades e qualidade de vida, sobretudo mostrar que direta e indiretamente essa nova ferramenta de gestão de redes reflete no aumento do PIB, ou seja, no crescimento da economia e, consequentemente, no desenvolvimento econômico do Estado de Roraima. A revisão da literatura abordou o desenvolvimento econômico, em especial, o desenvolvimento local e seus desdobramentos, a gestão de redes, políticas públicas e o terceiro setor. Apresentou-se a RPS e seus impactos sobre a economia gaúcha, com base no estudo realizado pela Fundação de Economia e Estatística (FEE) do Rio Grande do Sul. Com fundamento no trabalho da FEE, constatou-se que a adoção de uma ferramenta de gestão semelhante à RPS é de grande valia para o alcance dos objetivos socioeconômicos propostos pelo Governo de qualquer estado, inclusive o Estado de Roraima, sendo o primeiro passo a criação de uma lei que institua um programa de apoio à inclusão e promoção social (no Rio Grande do Sul: Lei da Solidariedade – Lei nº 11.853/2002), uma lei de incentivo fiscal para empresas que desejam investir em projetos sociais. Nesse sentido, o Governo do Estado de Roraima precisa “abrir os olhos” para oportunidades como esta que, além de contribuírem para a justiça social e solidariedade, podem gerar impactos positivos na economia, ou seja, aumentar o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), “primeiro passo” para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da sociedade. / Partnerships between government and social organizations have become an important tool for the implementation of public policies. With the interdependence of the actors, the relationship between public and private sectors is constantly remodeled, which brings out new forms of social action coordinated or governance. This dissertation aims to propose to the government of Roraima state to adopt a similar tool to the Social Partnership Network (SPN), used by the State Government of Rio Grande do Sul, in order to indicate ways to conquer more and better opportunities and quality of life, particularly directly and indirectly show that this new network management tool reflected in GDP growth, ie growth of the economy and consequently in the economic development of the State of Roraima. The literature review addressed the economic development, in particular, local development and its consequences, network management, public policy and the third sector. Presented to the SPN and its impact on the economy of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based on a study by the Foundation of Economics and Statistics (FES) in Rio Grande do Sul. Based on the work of the FES, it was found that the adoption of a tool management similar to SPN is of great value to the achievement of socioeconomic goals proposed by the government of any state, including the state of Roraima, the first step being the creation of a law to implement a program to support and promote social inclusion (in Rio Grande do Sul: Solidarity Act - Law No. 11.853/2002), a law of tax incentives for companies that wish to invest in social projects. In this sense, the government of Roraima state needs to “open your eyes” for opportunities like this that, in addition to contributing to social justice and solidarity, can generate positive impacts on the economy, ie, increase the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), “first step” to improve the quality of life of society.

Parcerias entre governo e organizações sociais tornaram-se uma importante ferramenta para a execução de políticas públicas. Com a interdependência dos atores, a relação entre público e privado é remodelada constantemente, o que faz emergir novas formas de ação social coordenada ou governança. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo propor ao Governo do Estado de Roraima a adoção de uma ferramenta semelhante à Rede Parceria Social (RPS), utilizada pelo Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com o intuito de indicar caminhos para a conquista de mais e melhores oportunidades e qualidade de vida, sobretudo mostrar que direta e indiretamente essa nova ferramenta de gestão de redes reflete no aumento do PIB, ou seja, no crescimento da economia e, consequentemente, no desenvolvimento econômico do Estado de Roraima. A revisão da literatura abordou o desenvolvimento econômico, em especial, o desenvolvimento local e seus desdobramentos, a gestão de redes, políticas públicas e o terceiro setor. Apresentou-se a RPS e seus impactos sobre a economia gaúcha, com base no estudo realizado pela Fundação de Economia e Estatística (FEE) do Rio Grande do Sul. Com fundamento no trabalho da FEE, constatou-se que a adoção de uma ferramenta de gestão semelhante à RPS é de grande valia para o alcance dos objetivos socioeconômicos propostos pelo Governo de qualquer estado, inclusive o Estado de Roraima, sendo o primeiro passo a criação de uma lei que institua um programa de apoio à inclusão e promoção social (no Rio Grande do Sul: Lei da Solidariedade – Lei nº 11.853/2002), uma lei de incentivo fiscal para empresas que desejam investir em projetos sociais. Nesse sentido, o Governo do Estado de Roraima precisa “abrir os olhos” para oportunidades como esta que, além de contribuírem para a justiça social e solidariedade, podem gerar impactos positivos na economia, ou seja, aumentar o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), “primeiro passo” para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da sociedade. / Partnerships between government and social organizations have become an important tool for the implementation of public policies. With the interdependence of the actors, the relationship between public and private sectors is constantly remodeled, which brings out new forms of social action coordinated or governance. This dissertation aims to propose to the government of Roraima state to adopt a similar tool to the Social Partnership Network (SPN), used by the State Government of Rio Grande do Sul, in order to indicate ways to conquer more and better opportunities and quality of life, particularly directly and indirectly show that this new network management tool reflected in GDP growth, ie growth of the economy and consequently in the economic development of the State of Roraima. The literature review addressed the economic development, in particular, local development and its consequences, network management, public policy and the third sector. Presented to the SPN and its impact on the economy of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based on a study by the Foundation of Economics and Statistics (FES) in Rio Grande do Sul. Based on the work of the FES, it was found that the adoption of a tool management similar to SPN is of great value to the achievement of socioeconomic goals proposed by the government of any state, including the state of Roraima, the first step being the creation of a law to implement a program to support and promote social inclusion (in Rio Grande do Sul: Solidarity Act - Law No. 11.853/2002), a law of tax incentives for companies that wish to invest in social projects. In this sense, the government of Roraima state needs to “open your eyes” for opportunities like this that, in addition to contributing to social justice and solidarity, can generate positive impacts on the economy, ie, increase the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), “first step” to improve the quality of life of society.

There exists significant literature investigating the link between macroeconomic variables and stock market returns. Most previous studies utilise an overall stock market index to measure stock market returns, thereby aggregating a number of different industries into a single index. This research investigated the link between macroeconomic variables and a single sector’s share returns, being the Resources sector. The aim was to ascertain whether or not a correlation exists between the Resource Index of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and four macroeconomic variables, namely: GDP, Inflation, Interest rates and the Rand/US Dollar Exchange Rate. Quarterly data for all 4 macroeconomic variables and the Resource Index was collected for the period 2002 to 2011 and tests of correlation performed between each macroeconomic variable and the Resource Index. The findings reveal that there is a positive correlation between GDP and resources share returns, a negative correlation between interest rates and resources share returns and a positive relationship between the Rand/US Dollar Exchange rate and resources share returns. The relationship between the inflation and the resource share returns proved inconclusive.Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Pollution is one of humanity's most pressing problems. Although there are many types of pollution, air pollution is one of the main causes of global warming. Therefore, simultaneously improving environmental quality and economic growth, and studying the variables that affect this relationship, has been one of the key issues for researchers and policymakers in recent years, especially in the wake of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This paper aims to estimate the relationship between carbon emissions, GDP per capita, renewable energy and non-renewable energy sources as well environmental taxes in G10 industrialized countries over the period 1972-2020. Regression analysis and panel data were used to answer the questions. Previous studies of the Ecological Kuznets Curve (EKC) for CO2 emissions, with most samples based on G10 member countries, have had mixed results. The environmental Kuznets curve shows that economic development initially leads to environmental degradation, but once economic growth reaches a certain level, the relationship between society and the environment begins to improve and the degree of environmental degradation decreases. From a very simple perspective, this might suggest that economic growth is good for the environment. Critics, however, argue that economic growth is not guaranteed to lead to environmental improvements, which can often backfire. At the very least, it requires very targeted policies and attitudes to ensure that economic growth goes hand in hand with environmental improvement. / <p> Tre helt olika miljö-/BNP-kurvor</p><p>Studien undersöker etablerade teorier för att beskriva sambandet mellan miljöskador och ekonomisk aktivitet, inklusive Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), Brundtland Curve Hypothesis (BCH) och Environmental Daly Curve (EDC).</p>

Thesis is aimed at describing the concepts and basic principles in the economy in gross domestic product. Furthermore it deals with the description of time series, their types, characteristics and the basic classification. A decomposition of time series into thein components is indicated. Another part is a basic description of the most commonly used economic filters - Hodrick-Prescott and Baxter-King. The Christiano-Fitzgerald and frequency-selective filter for short length time series have been practically implemented in MATLAB. The rest of the thesis deals with the application of above mentioned filters to data of Czech Republic, European Union, USA and selected EU countries. Moreover, the correlation between spectral components of the data for selected countries is investigated. KEYWORDS

Submitted by Willians Gaspar (willians.gaspar@fgv.br) on 2018-01-22T16:33:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A Correlação entre Jornada de Trabalho e Produtividade - Uma Perspectiva Macroeconômica entre Países.pdf: 1651221 bytes, checksum: 10a95ba6074b04f5e4e0f6d88a9bf7b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-01-24T12:00:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A Correlação entre Jornada de Trabalho e Produtividade - Uma Perspectiva Macroeconômica entre Países.pdf: 1651221 bytes, checksum: 10a95ba6074b04f5e4e0f6d88a9bf7b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T18:55:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A Correlação entre Jornada de Trabalho e Produtividade - Uma Perspectiva Macroeconômica entre Países.pdf: 1651221 bytes, checksum: 10a95ba6074b04f5e4e0f6d88a9bf7b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-19 / This research has as general objective to identify the variables or contributing factors to subsidize the discussion about reduction of the Working Day. As a specific objective, what is proposed is to verify how these same variables affect Productivity. For both objectives the macroeconomic aspects of the countries analyzed are considered. The criterion for selecting these countries is based on the "ranking" of the OECD and World Bank database for the year 2013, considering all the major world economies, which together represent 65.22% of global GDP. The data extracted refer to the "Gross Domestic Product - GDP at (PPP) - Purchasing Power Parity", which consists of the Gross Domestic Product, in international dollars, with a view to the comparative possibility of these economies by purchasing power parity (PPP). Other sources of information were considered as objects of analysis and observations, including the statistical series of secondary data from the International Labor Office (ILO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the United Nations (UNDP), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Economics (IBGE), the Department of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies (DIEESE) and the Institute of Economic and Applied Research (IPEA). The research was conducted at the macroeconomic level of the countries, with a longitudinal temporal cut between the years 2007 and 2013, in order to observe the behavior of these economies, including during the period of the 2008 global crisis. evolution of the historical series of GDP, revealing the size of the economy, GDP per capita, which captures wealth in relation to the population. Finally, we consider the labor productivity factor itself, which deals with the relationship between GDP, the number of people and the number of hours worked in the period. This research has as general objective to identify the variables or contributing factors to subsidize the discussion about reduction of the Working Day. As a specific objective, what is proposed is to verify how these same variables affect Productivity. For both objectives the macroeconomic aspects of the countries analyzed are considered. The criterion for selecting these countries is based on the "ranking" of the OECD and World Bank database for the year 2013, considering all the major world economies, which together represent 65.22% of global GDP. The data extracted refer to the "Gross Domestic Product - GDP at (PPP) - Purchasing Power Parity", which consists of the Gross Domestic Product, in international dollars, with a view to the comparative possibility of these economies by purchasing power parity (PPP). Other sources of information were considered as objects of analysis and observations, including the statistical series of secondary data from the International Labor Office (ILO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the United Nations (UNDP), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Economics (IBGE), the Department of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies (DIEESE) and the Institute of Economic and Applied Research (IPEA). The research was conducted at the macroeconomic level of the countries, with a longitudinal temporal cut between the years 2007 and 2013, in order to observe the behavior of these economies, including during the period of the 2008 global crisis. evolution of the historical series of GDP, revealing the size of the economy, GDP per capita, which captures wealth relative to the population. Finally, we consider the labor productivity factor itself, which deals with the relationship between GDP, the number of people and the number of hours worked in the period. Design/Methodology/ approach – The method is a qualitative research of the exploratory type, subsidized by quantitative correlation analysis, and the statistical design is directed to the verification of the degree of association between the variables: Working day and Labor productivity; that is, calculation and interpretation of the degree of correlation between these two variables. Findings – In the final conclusion of the study, it is inferred based on the theoretical reference and the analysis of the statistical data, if the reduction in the working day contributes to changes in productivity indexes, and just as other variables are considered in this discussion. Research limitations – No aspects of the national culture, climatic conditions and segregation of nations by percentage of participation in agriculture, industry, and services were considered in the composition of their economies, with a view to performing comparative analysis by subgroups. In addition, the sample set is restricted both in number of countries and in relation to the relatively short period between 2007 and 2013, in addition to being marked by an atypical event such as the global economic crisis of 2008. Practical contributions – To governments, organizations and workers to rethink the possible economic and social benefits, through public policies that allow greater flexibility in working hours, focusing on the competitive advantages and the balance of the relation between labor and capital, observing the legal aspects, productivity, quality of life, unit costs and the generation of jobs / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral identificar as variáveis ou fatores contribuintes para subsidiar a discussão sobre redução da Jornada de Trabalho. Como objetivo específico, o que se propõe é verificar como essas mesmas variáveis afetam a Produtividade. Para ambos os objetivos são considerados os aspectos macroeconômicos dos países analisados. O critério para seleção desses países se fundamenta no “ranking” da base de dados da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico – OCDE e do Banco Mundial, ano base 2013, considerando-se o conjunto das maiores economias mundiais, que, juntas, representam 65,22% do PIB global. Os dados extraídos são referentes ao “Gross Domestic Product – GDP at (PPP) - Purchasing Power Parity”, que consiste no Produto Interno Bruto, em dólares internacionais, com vistas à possibilidade comparativa destas economias pela paridade do poder de compra (PPC). Outras fontes de informações foram consideradas como objetos de análise e observações, incluindo-se as séries estatísticas de dados secundários do Instituto Internacional do Trabalho (OIT), do Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI), das Nações Unidas (UNDP), do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Economia (IBGE), do Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos (DIEESE) e do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica e Aplicada (IPEA). A pesquisa foi conduzida no nível macroeconômico dos países, com corte temporal longitudinal entre os anos de 2007 a 2013, com o objetivo de observar-se o comportamento dessas economias, inclusive durante o período da crise mundial de 2008. Nesse sentido, foi avaliada a evolução da série histórica do PIB, como reveladora do tamanho da economia, o PIB per capita, que captura a riqueza em relação à população. Por último, considera-se o fator produtividade do trabalho propriamente dito, que trata da relação entre o PIB, o número de pessoas e o número de horas trabalhadas no período. Quanto ao método, trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória, subsidiada por análise quantitativa correlacional, sendo o delineamento estatístico direcionado para a verificação do grau de associação entre as varáveis: Jornada de trabalho e Produtividade do trabalho; ou seja, cálculo e interpretação do grau de correlação entre essas duas variáveis. Na conclusão final do trabalho, infere-se com base no referencial teórico e na análise dos dados estatísticos, se a redução na jornada de trabalho contribui para alterações nos índices de produtividade, e assim como outras variáveis são consideradas nesta discussão. Não foram considerados aspectos da cultura nacional, condições climáticas e segregação das nações por percentual de participação respectivamente em agricultura, indústria, e serviços, na composição de suas economias, visando realizar análise comparativa por subgrupos. Além disto o conjunto amostral é restrito, tanto em número de países, quanto em relação ao período, relativamente curto, entre 2007 e 2013, além de ter sido marcado por fato atípico como a crise econômica mundial de 2008. Á governos, organizações e trabalhadores para repensarem os eventuais benefícios econômicos e sociais, através de políticas públicas que permitam maior flexibilização das jornadas de trabalho, com foco nas vantagens competitivas e no equilíbrio da relação entre mão de obra e capital, observando os aspectos legais, a produtividade, a qualidade de vida, os custos unitários e a geração de empregos

This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.

This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.