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Strukturella förändringar och uppdateringar blir allt vanligare och mer väsentligt för attföretag ska kunna överleva i en konstant föränderlig miljö. Men trots behovet av att uppdateraoch utveckla sin organisation är dessa förändringar inte alltid väl mottagna. Faktum är att upptill 70 procent av alla program som tar initiativ till förändring misslyckas, och en brist ikommunikation och förståelse uppges vara anledningen till att felfrekvensen är så pass hög.När en liten och självgående organisation växer kan det också växa fram ett behov av mertydlighet och struktur, vilket indirekt innebär en stor strukturell förändring. Denna studiefokuserar därför på att undersöka den interna kommunikationen på ett litet företag somgenomgår en förändring i form av tillväxt.Denna kandidatuppsats är utformad som en kvalitativ fallstudie på företaget Event AB. Syftetär att undersöka hur den interna kommunikationen ser ut i en liten, växande organisation ochhur de anställda upplever att de arbetar med kommunikation i samband med sin otroligatillväxt. All empiri är insamlad genom kvalitativa intervjuer med samtliga anställda på EventAB.Genom att tillämpa teorier på intern kommunikation på vårt insamlade material visarresultatet att tack vare den lilla storleken på Event AB etableras relationer på samma visoavsett vilket led det går. Detta ger ett naturligt och avslappnat, fritt flöde av kommunikation.Det saknas någon form av kommunikationsplan, och kommunikationen utgörs mestadels avinformell, verbal kommunikation. Företagets värderingar, visioner och mål kommunicerasdåligt vilket skapar en generell förvirring internt. Avsaknad av plan och rollbeskrivningskapar en viss ineffektivitet som gör att mycket av företagets arbete blir reaktivt snarare änproaktivt. De anställda upplever generellt att ju större företaget blir, desto sämre blirinformationsspridningen samtidigt som behovet av struktur blir större. Event ABs ledning ärmedvetna om gapet i kommunikationen och arbetar aktivt med att försöka förbättra deninterna kommunikationen. / Structural changes and updates are becoming more common and more substantial forcorporations to be able to compete in a constantly changing environment. Despite the need toinnovate the organization, these changes are not always well received. As a matter of fact, upto 70 percent of all programs that initiate change fails, and faulty communication and failingto understand the need of change is reported to be the main reason. When a small organizationgrows, the need for clarity and structure might grow too, which in turn means a palpablestructural change. Therefore, this study focuses on looking into the internal communication ofa small enterprise currently going through such growth.This bachelor thesis is designed as a qualitative case study on the agency Event AB. Thepurpose of the study is to investigate what the internal communication looks like in a smallbut growing organization, and how the employees perceive the internal communication inconnection to the growth process. The empiricism is gathered through interviews with allemployees of Event AB.Through applying theories on internal communication to our gathered empiricism the resultshows that thanks to Event AB’s small size, connections are made in the same way regardlesswhat direction - vertically or horizontal. This creates a natural and relaxed, free flow ofcommunication. There is no form of communication plan within the organization and thecommunication is mainly of the informal, verbal kind. Values, visions and objectives of thecompany is poorly communicated, which results in a general confusion internally. The lack ofplan and role description generates inefficiency, making a lot of the work reactive instead ofproactive. Employees generally perceive that the more the organization grows the worse thedistribution of the information gets, while the need for structure grows stronger. Event AB’smanagement is aware of the gap in communication and is actively working to improve theinternal communication.The language of this study is Swedish.

The thesis is concerned with the growth of ‘connected’ firms, characterised as small firms that are engaged in stable spatial and vertical network relationships, involving a variety of actors, including larger firms. It locates these firms within the landscape of the ‘New Competition’, (Best 1990, 2001), highlighting the relatively unexplored region occupied by connected artisanal firms. The literature review is constructed around a detailed re-appraisal of Edith Penrose’s (1959) study, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, which traces its antecedents, re-constructs its interconnections and calibrates its explanatory potential against the work of contemporaries, successors and opponents. The review provides the basis for development of a modified Penrosian framework, designed to embrace a multi-level analysis of growth processes that span the ‘blurred boundaries’ of the connected firm. An empirical study of the growth of connected artisanal firms demonstrates the application of this modified framework. The study is presented in the form of an analytically structured narrative, illustrated by network mapping sequences and informed by a qualified critical realist perspective. The final chapters reflect on the theoretical, methodological and practical policy implications of the study, highlighting the broader implications for researching the growth of other forms of connected firm.

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Nesse trabalho, são investigadas as propriedades dinâmicas de modelos da mecânica estatística na criticalidade. Inicialmente, trabalhando com modelos de spin e utilizando os conceitos de persistência global e de dimensão anômala da magnetização inicial, mostramos que o modelo de Baxter-Wu não está na mesma classe de universalidade dos modelos de Potts com quatro estados e de Ising com interação de três spins em uma direção, todos bidimensionais. Na segunda parte da tese, estudamos o fenômeno de crescimento da superfície gerada pela deposição segundo as regras que definem os autômatos celulares probabilísticos propostos por Grassberger (modelos A e B). Esses dois autômatos não pertencem à classe de universalidade de Domany-Kinzel e apresentam novos expoentes críticos, cuja origem se deve à conservação de paridade. Determinamos o expoente de crescimento beta w, válido em tempos curtos, assim como os outros expoentes críticos associados ao crescimento de superfície (alfa e z). Nossas estimativas se comparam bem com os resultados obtidos a partir de razões de inteiros propostas por Jensen para os expoentes beta, ni paralelo e ni perpendicular. Finalmente, investigamos a transição de fase entre o estado helicoidal e o estado desordenado (random coil) da polialanina e do fragmento peptídico PTH(1-34), que corresponde aos resíduos 1 a 34 da região aminoterminal do hormônio das paratireóides. Nosso cálculo, que leva em conta as interações entre todos os átomos da molécula, está baseado em uma abordagem de tempos curtos. Os resultados dessa análise indicam que a transição helix-coil das polialaninas e do PTH(1-34) é de segunda ordem e apontam para uma classe de universalidade para a transição helix-coil em homopolímeros e proteínas (partindo de um estado helicoidal). / In this work we investigated dynamic properties of statistical mechanical models at criticality. At first, using the concepts of global persistence and anomalous dimension of initial magnetization, we showed that the Baxter-Wu model does not belong to the same universality class as 4-state Potts model and Ising with multispin interaction in one direction. In the sequence, we studied the roughening behavior generated by deposition governed by rules defined by probabilistic cellular automata proposed by Grassberger (A and B models). Those models are known do not belong to the Domany-Kinzel universality class. They are characterized by different exponents which are related to the parity conserving (PC). We estimated the growth exponent beta w, in short-time regimen, such as, other critical exponents associated to the surface growth (alpha and z). Our results are in good agreement with those expected for parity conserving universality class. At last we studied the phase transition between the completely helical state and the random coil of the polyalanine, such as, for the 34-residue human parathyroid fragment PTH(1-34). Our short-time simulations of the helix-coil transition are based on a detailed all-atom representation of proteins. The results indicate that helix-coil transition in polyalanine and PTH(1-34) is a second-order phase transition and suggest a universality class to the helix-coil transition in homopolymer and (helical) proteins.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Cristina Poppa.pdf: 774414 bytes, checksum: 289d088b44f414481c349527953a9054 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Despite being a widely discussed topic among authors of Gestalt - therapy, the accumulated knowledge about the process of growth is not enough to sustain the clinical reasoning of Gestalt - therapists both children and adults. Thinking of contributing to the process of knowledge construction within this approach, this study aims to describe the gestalt mode of conceiving the growth process and care necessary to meet the needs related to the early period of life. This goal aims to be achieved through the establishment of a dialogue with the theory of maturation of D. W. Winnicott. Therefore, this work presents the philosophical assumptions, key concepts of Gestalt - therapy and child development process from the point of view of this approach. The theory of maturation is also presented as well as the similarities between the two approaches and the distances. The dialogue driven by the theory of maturation identified care that meet the needs of constituent self. The care raised are: satisfaction of needs, confirmation of bodily needs, satisfaction of needs in an affective and consistent way, offering opportunity for the baby to go through their contact cycles in a autonomous way, object or person exercising the paradoxical function, limits and confrontations, host vulnerability, opportunities to repair possible damage. And the needs constitutive of the self, which this study suggests that may be termed as primary or basic needs are: sensory experiences of contact cycles, psychosomatic integration, experience rest accompanied, autonomy to move through contact cycles, opening for play and for interhuman, constitution of the contact boundary, development of the capacity to make creative adjustments, expression of singularity and appropriation of aggression / Apesar de ser um tema bastante discutido entre os autores da Gestalt terapia, o conhecimento acumulado sobre o processo de crescimento ainda não é o suficiente para sustentar o raciocínio clinico dos Gestalt terapeutas tanto de crianças quanto de adultos. Pensando em contribuir para o processo de construção de conhecimento dentro dessa abordagem, esse trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o modo gestaltico de conceber o processo de crescimento e os cuidados necessários para satisfazer as necessidades relacionadas ao período inicial da vida. Esse objetivo pretende ser alcançado por meio do estabelecimento de um diálogo com a teoria do amadurecimento de D. W. Winnicott. Para tanto, o trabalho apresenta os pressupostos filosóficos, os principais conceitos da Gestalt terapia e o processo de desenvolvimento infantil sob o ponto de vista dessa abordagem. A teoria do amadurecimento também é apresentada, bem como as aproximações entre as duas abordagens e os distanciamentos. O diálogo conduzido pela teoria do amadurecimento permitiu identificar os cuidados que satisfazem as necessidades constitutivas do self. Os cuidados levantados são: satisfação das necessidades, confirmação das necessidades corporais, satisfação das necessidades de maneira afetiva e consistente, oferta de oportunidade para o bebê percorrer seus ciclos de contato com autonomia, objeto ou pessoa que exerça a função paradoxal, oferta de limites e confrontos, acolhimento da vulnerabilidade, oportunidades de consertar possíveis estragos. E as necessidades constitutivas do self, as quais esse trabalho propõe que sejam denominadas como necessidades primordiais ou fundamentais são: experiências sensoriais dos ciclos de contato, integração psicossomática, experiência de retração em companhia, autonomia para percorrer os ciclos de contato, abertura para a brincadeira e para o inter-humano, constituição da fronteira de contato, desenvolvimento da capacidade de realizar ajustamentos criativos, expressão da singularidade e apropriação da agressividade

Nesse trabalho, são investigadas as propriedades dinâmicas de modelos da mecânica estatística na criticalidade. Inicialmente, trabalhando com modelos de spin e utilizando os conceitos de persistência global e de dimensão anômala da magnetização inicial, mostramos que o modelo de Baxter-Wu não está na mesma classe de universalidade dos modelos de Potts com quatro estados e de Ising com interação de três spins em uma direção, todos bidimensionais. Na segunda parte da tese, estudamos o fenômeno de crescimento da superfície gerada pela deposição segundo as regras que definem os autômatos celulares probabilísticos propostos por Grassberger (modelos A e B). Esses dois autômatos não pertencem à classe de universalidade de Domany-Kinzel e apresentam novos expoentes críticos, cuja origem se deve à conservação de paridade. Determinamos o expoente de crescimento beta w, válido em tempos curtos, assim como os outros expoentes críticos associados ao crescimento de superfície (alfa e z). Nossas estimativas se comparam bem com os resultados obtidos a partir de razões de inteiros propostas por Jensen para os expoentes beta, ni paralelo e ni perpendicular. Finalmente, investigamos a transição de fase entre o estado helicoidal e o estado desordenado (random coil) da polialanina e do fragmento peptídico PTH(1-34), que corresponde aos resíduos 1 a 34 da região aminoterminal do hormônio das paratireóides. Nosso cálculo, que leva em conta as interações entre todos os átomos da molécula, está baseado em uma abordagem de tempos curtos. Os resultados dessa análise indicam que a transição helix-coil das polialaninas e do PTH(1-34) é de segunda ordem e apontam para uma classe de universalidade para a transição helix-coil em homopolímeros e proteínas (partindo de um estado helicoidal). / In this work we investigated dynamic properties of statistical mechanical models at criticality. At first, using the concepts of global persistence and anomalous dimension of initial magnetization, we showed that the Baxter-Wu model does not belong to the same universality class as 4-state Potts model and Ising with multispin interaction in one direction. In the sequence, we studied the roughening behavior generated by deposition governed by rules defined by probabilistic cellular automata proposed by Grassberger (A and B models). Those models are known do not belong to the Domany-Kinzel universality class. They are characterized by different exponents which are related to the parity conserving (PC). We estimated the growth exponent beta w, in short-time regimen, such as, other critical exponents associated to the surface growth (alpha and z). Our results are in good agreement with those expected for parity conserving universality class. At last we studied the phase transition between the completely helical state and the random coil of the polyalanine, such as, for the 34-residue human parathyroid fragment PTH(1-34). Our short-time simulations of the helix-coil transition are based on a detailed all-atom representation of proteins. The results indicate that helix-coil transition in polyalanine and PTH(1-34) is a second-order phase transition and suggest a universality class to the helix-coil transition in homopolymer and (helical) proteins.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN:H) thin films has a multitude of applications, stemming from the tunability of the material properties. Plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) is the industrial workhorse for production of device quality a-SiN:H. However, this technique has drawbacks in terms of film quality, rooting from ion bombardment, which then results in undesirable oxidation. Hot wire chemical vapour deposition (HWCVD) has shown to be a viable competitor to its more costly counterpart, PECVD. A thin film produced by HWCVD lacks ion bombardment due to the deposition taking place in the absence of plasma. This study will focus on optimising the MVsystems ® HWCVD chamber at The University of the Western Cape, for production of device quality a-SiN:H thin films at low processing parameters. The effect of these parameters on the structural, optical and morphological properties was investigated, for reduction of production costs. The films were probed by heavy ion elastic recoil detection, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Xray diffraction, and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. It was shown that silicon rich, device quality a-SiN:H thin films could be produced by HWCVD at wire temperatures as low as 1400 °C and the films showed considerable resistance to oxidation in the bulk.

De par leurs performances et leur fiabilité, la technologie Flash constitue, à l'heure actuelle, la référence en matière de mémoire non volatile. Cependant, ces mémoires étant en passe d'atteindre leurs limites de miniaturisation, plusieurs dispositifs alternatifs sont actuellement envisagés par les industriels du secteur, de manière à anticiper les demandes du marché ces prochaines années.Depuis 2003, des études ont été menées sur le remplacement de la grille flottante en silicium polycristallin des mémoires Flash par des nanocristaux. La modication du flot de procédés d'une mémoire à nanocristaux permet une réduction des coûts de fabrication, une amélioration de la fiabilité et une miniaturisation des dispositifs. L'intégration des nanocristaux dans une cellule mémoire de type Flash constitue donc un challenge pour l'industrie afin de repousser les limites de miniaturisation de cette architecture mémoire basée sur le transistor MOS, dispositif historique de l'industrie des semiconducteurs.Ce manuscrit présente les résultats de ma thèse qui porte sur les procédés de croissance de nanocristaux de silicium et leur caractérisation morphologique en vue d'une intégration dans des mémoires non volatiles.Les objectifs de la thèse sont :- Le transfert du procédé de fabrication des nanocristaux de silicium du CEA LETI vers l'usine de STMicroelectronics à Rousset ;- L'intégration des nanocristaux dans une cellule mémoire non-volatile ;- L'optimisation des procédés de fabrication en vue d'une industrialisation ;- Le développement d'outils de caractérisation de la chaîne de procédés ;- L'étude physique et physico-chimique avancée des nanocristaux de silicium. / By their performance and reliability, Flash technology is, today, the reference in nonvolatile memory . However, these memories being on track to reach their miniaturization limits , several alternative devices are currently being considered by the industrial sector, to anticipate market demands in the coming years .Since 2003, studies have been conducted on the replacement of the polysilicon floating gate by silicon nanocrystals in flash memory with nanocrystals to sustain this memory technology memory. Process flow modifications for nanocrystal integration allows a reduction of manufacturing costs, improving of reliability and miniaturization of devices . Integration of nanocrystals in a flash-like memory cell is therefore a challenge for the industry to extend the limits of miniaturization of the memory architecture based on the MOS transistor, historical device of the semiconductor industry.This manuscript presents the results of my thesis on the silicon nanocrystals growth process and morphological characterization for integration in a nonvolatile memory. The objectives of the thesis are :- Transfer of the manufacturing process of the silicon nanocrystals growth from CEA LETI plant to STMicroelectronics Rousset ;- Integration of nanocrystals in a non-volatile memory cell;- Optimization of manufacturing processes for industrialization ;- Development of tools to characterize the process chain ;- Physical and physico-chemical study of advanced silicon nanocrystals . and morphological characterization for integration in a nonvolatile memory.