Afin d’améliorer leur attractivité économique, plusieurs Etats d’Afrique centrale et de l’ouest ont décidé de se doter de cet outil juridique commun qu’est l’OHADA. Sur la base de différents domaines du droit, neuf Actes Uniformes ont été adoptés, dont l’Acte Uniforme portant organisation des Sûretés (AUS), adopté le 17 avril 1997, et réformé le 15 décembre 2010. L’adoption de l’AUS a permis aux Etats-Membres de l’OHADA de se doter d’un droit des garanties du crédit en adéquation avec les attentes des acteurs de l’économie moderne, d’un point de vue international.Les règles envisagées au sein de l’AUS concernant les garanties du crédit ne peuvent représenter une base suffisante pour quiconque souhaiterait apprécier l’efficacité de la garantie dont il bénéficie. Il est également nécessaire de se référer aux règles prévues par le législateur OHADA au sein d’autres Actes uniformes organisant le droit des sociétés, le droit des procédures collectives, ou le droit des procédures civiles d’exécution.Observant que le champ des règles susceptibles d’affecter l’efficacité des garanties du crédit ne se limite pas aux domaines harmonisés par le législateur OHADA à travers les Actes uniformes, il s’avère utile de parcourir les différents droits nationaux des Etats-Membres de l’OHADA. C’est en particulier le cas concernant le droit des contrats, le droit des biens, ou encore le droit des régimes matrimoniaux.Mais l’efficacité des garanties du crédit est aussi fortement dépendante du contexte dans lequel elles sont constituées. Au sein de l’espace OHADA, celui-ci se caractérise par un niveau élevé d’insécurité, tant d’un point de vue juridique que judiciaire. Il révèle, en outre, une adéquation limitée des dispositions relatives aux garanties du crédit, se manifestant à travers la réticence que montrent les acteurs de l’économie, dans leur grande majorité, à se les approprier. / Willing to enhance their economic attractiveness », some central and west african countries have decided to create a common organisation named OHADA. Based on different law subdivisions, nine Uniform Acts have been adopted, one of which is related to securities law (AUS).Adopting the AUS was a means for the OHADA State members to bring securities law’s level in line with expectations of international economic actors.The rules set out in the AUS cannot be a sufficient basis for anyone aiming to estimate the efficacy of his guarantee.It’s also necessary to analyse the rules included in others Uniform acts ; particularly those wich are relative to corporate law, collective proceedings law or enforcement procedures.Furthermore, it’s inescapable to examine the domestic legislation of OHADA State Members : mainly contract law, property law or matrimonial law.Besides, credit guarantee’s efficacy also highly depends on the environment in which they are formed. The OHADA territory is marked by a high level of juridical insecurity.As well, it’s not hard to notice that the adequacy of the rules relatives to credit guarantees is insufficient. This limit is revealed by the economic actors’ reticence to appropriate the rules adopted by the OHADA’s legislator.

Parallel software is now required to exploit the abundance of threads and processors in modern multicore computers. Unfortunately, manual parallelization is too time-consuming and error-prone for all but the most advanced programmers. While automatic parallelization promises threaded software with little programmer effort, current auto-parallelizers are easily thwarted by pointers and other forms of ambiguity in the code. In this dissertation we profile the loops in SPEC CPU2006, categorize the loops in terms of available parallelism, and focus on promising loops that are not parallelized by IBM's XL C/C++ V10 auto-parallelizer. For those loops we propose methods of improved interaction between the programmer and compiler that can facilitate their parallelization. In particular, we (i) suggest methods for the compiler to better identify to the programmer the parallelization-blockers; (ii) suggest methods for the programmer to provide guarantees to the compiler that overcome these parallelization-blockers; and (iii) evaluate the resulting impact on performance.

Parallel software is now required to exploit the abundance of threads and processors in modern multicore computers. Unfortunately, manual parallelization is too time-consuming and error-prone for all but the most advanced programmers. While automatic parallelization promises threaded software with little programmer effort, current auto-parallelizers are easily thwarted by pointers and other forms of ambiguity in the code. In this dissertation we profile the loops in SPEC CPU2006, categorize the loops in terms of available parallelism, and focus on promising loops that are not parallelized by IBM's XL C/C++ V10 auto-parallelizer. For those loops we propose methods of improved interaction between the programmer and compiler that can facilitate their parallelization. In particular, we (i) suggest methods for the compiler to better identify to the programmer the parallelization-blockers; (ii) suggest methods for the programmer to provide guarantees to the compiler that overcome these parallelization-blockers; and (iii) evaluate the resulting impact on performance.

The goal of this thesis ,,Analysis of debt capacity of the enterprise,, is to analyze the debt capacity of company DŠP, focusing on project and financial guarantees as part of DG with respect to planned growth. The analysis also includes the view of financial institutions to credit risk and assessment of the indicative debt capacity of the company. This analysis is primarily supported by Moody's methodology of heavy manufacturing industry. First part of the thesis is focused on the introduction of the company DŠP and its current situation and reasons why I chose this topic. The theoretical part is devoted to general information about debt capacity,methodological apparatus and the view of bank on the company. The practical part begins with an analysis of the debt capacity in various scenarios. Based on this, I used a sensitivity analysis of the debt capacity of the main risk factors. The last part of practical section consists of benchmark comparisons. Achievements and insights are summarized at the end of the entire thesis.

La thèse de Jean-François Chemain porte sur « le cautionnement dans le monde romain du IIe siècle av. J.-C. au Ier siècle ap. J.-C. ». Elle a été menée à partir de sources littéraires, juridiques et épigraphiques. Dans sa première partie, l’auteur étudie les acteurs du cautionnement (garants et garantis) à la fin de la République : les relations qu’ils entretenaient les uns avec les autres, la catégorie sociale à laquelle ils appartenaient, les motifs qu’on avait de se porter caution, et les stratégies que cela pouvait dissimuler. Dans la deuxième partie, il repose la question des 5 leges de sponsu (lex Publilia, lex Appuleia, lex Furia, lex Cicereia, lex Cornelia), essayant, à partir de leur logique propre, de reconstituer les objectifs du législateur et, partant, de les dater. C’est ainsi qu’il situe la première dans un « long deuxième siècle avant J.-C. », peut-être à l’époque des Gracques, et les quatre dernières entre 67 et 47 av. J.-C. La troisième partie de la thèse est consacrée au devenir du cautionnement au début du Principat, marqué par une visible tentative d’en encadrer (apparition de la fideiussio) et limiter l’usage (préférence pour les garanties réelles, limitation des occasions de cautionner). Dans la quatrième partie, enfin, Jean-François Chemain met évidence que le cautionnement est un bon marqueur des grandes évolutions de la société romaine à l’époque du « Passage ». / Jean-François Chemain's thesis carries " the caution money in the Roman world of the IIth century BC in Ier century AD ". It was led from literary, legal and epigraphic sources. In his first part, the author studies the actors of the caution money (guarantors and guarantee) at the end of the Republic: the relations that they maintained some with the others, the social category to which they belonged, the motives which they had to stand surety, and the strategies which it could hide. In the second part, he asks the questionof the 5 leges de sponsu (lex Publilia, lex Appuleia, lex Furia, lex Cicereia, lex Cornelia), trying, from their own logic, to reconstitute the objectives of the legislator and therefore, to date them. And so he places the first one in a " long second century BC " Maybe at the time of Gracques, and the four last ones between 67 and 47 BC The third part of the thesis is dedicated to the future of the caution money at the beginning of the Princedom, marked by a visible attempt to frame( it (appearance of the fideiussio) and to limit its usage (preference for the real guarantees, the limitation of the opportunities to guarantee). In the fourth part, finally, Jean-François Chemain puts evidence that the caution money is a good marker of the main evolutions of the Roman society at the time of the "Passage".

Static provisioning of storage resources may lead to over-provisioning of resources, which increases costs, or under-provisioning, which runs the risk of violating application-level QoS goals. Toward this end, virtualization technologies have made automated provisioning of storage resources easier allowing more effective management of the resources. In this work, we present an approach that suggests a series of dynamic provisioning decisions to meet the I/O demands of a time-varying workload while avoiding unnecessary costs and Service Level Objective (SLO) violations. We also do a case-study to analyze the practical feasibility of dynamic provisioning and the associated performance effects in a virtualized environment, which forms the basis of our approach. Our approach is able to suggest the optimal provisioning decisions, for a given workload, that minimize cost and meet the SLO. We evaluate the approach using workload data obtained from real systems to demonstrate its cost-effectiveness, sensitivity to various system parameters, and runtime feasibility for use in real systems.

Building trust is a common requirement in distributed environments especially since many transactions now occur on a person-to-person basis. Examples range from e-commerce on the Internet to peer-to-peer and grid resource sharing. Many solutions to the problem of requiring trust among unknown entities rely on the use of a reputation metric to assess the risk of a potential transaction. However, such reputation systems require (often implicitly) that trust is transitive which can be a problematic assumption. This dissertation proposes a novel mechanism which we call trust*. The trust* model uses guarantees to extend local trust between unknown end-points. Trust* can be used as a substitution for end-to-end trust. Principals provide guarantees within existing (local) trust relationships to build a chain of localised agreements between the unknown end-points. The guarantees are backed by local micropayments to provide deterrents and incentives. Trust* relationships can be composed transitively, and the guarantees reduce the risk for the trusting party when doing so. This is because a guarantee is only ever provided locally by a directly trusted principal. Thus, trust management can be reduced to a locally solved problem. This work aims to develop a new technique for assessing and reducing the risk involved in trusting others in a distributed environment. The thesis of this dissertation is that an electronic analogue of real-world guarantees, is a useful and interesting way to provide these assurances. We develop an extension of the notion of trust, which we call trust*, which is built upon local guarantees, and which provides a novel conceptual framework for analysing and reasoning about a wide variety of trust-related problems in distributed systems. We present the concept of trust* and apply it to a number of application scenarios where it would be beneficial. We simulate the trust* model in these environments for analysis. Also, we describe the key features and other issues related to the trust* model which became evident during its investigation and which are of wider interest.

Static provisioning of storage resources may lead to over-provisioning of resources, which increases costs, or under-provisioning, which runs the risk of violating application-level QoS goals. Toward this end, virtualization technologies have made automated provisioning of storage resources easier allowing more effective management of the resources. In this work, we present an approach that suggests a series of dynamic provisioning decisions to meet the I/O demands of a time-varying workload while avoiding unnecessary costs and Service Level Objective (SLO) violations. We also do a case-study to analyze the practical feasibility of dynamic provisioning and the associated performance effects in a virtualized environment, which forms the basis of our approach. Our approach is able to suggest the optimal provisioning decisions, for a given workload, that minimize cost and meet the SLO. We evaluate the approach using workload data obtained from real systems to demonstrate its cost-effectiveness, sensitivity to various system parameters, and runtime feasibility for use in real systems.

Darbe atskleidžiami probleminiai šeimos sampratos klausimai, šeimos ir santuokos ryšys bei išskirtinė šeimos vertė asmens ir visuomenės gyvenime. Šeimos sąvoka Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje yra apibrėžiama nevienareikšmiškai, skirtingi įstatymai savaip įtvirtina šeimos sampratą. Šeimos samprata ir jai taikomos socialinės garantijos yra viena iš aktualiausių šiuolaikinių problemų, todėl teisinga šeimos samprata yra labai svarbi, nes tik nuo jos priklausys valstybės teikiama šeimai apsauga ir globa. Siekiant išanalizuoti, apibendrinti bei palyginti socialines garantijas šeimoms santuokos sudarymo atvejais ir atvejais, kai santuoka nesudaryta nagrinėjami Lietuvos Respublikos norminiai aktai, statistikos duomenų bazės bei specialioji literatūra. Pagrindinė socialinių garantijų principo esmė yra ta, kad šeimoms, atsižvelgiant į šeiminę padėtį, į bendrus visuomeninio gyvenimo pokyčius, būtų suteikiamas pakankamas socialinis aprūpinimas bei palankios socialinės garantijos darbe. Hipotezė, kad socialinės garantijos šeimoms santuokos sudarymo atvejais yra geresnės, nei socialinės garantijos šeimoms nesudariusiems santuokos iš dalies pasitvirtino. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad dauguma socialinių garantijų yra analogiškos tiek šeimoms santuokos sudarymo atvejais, tiek atvejais, kai santuoka nesudaryta. Kai kurios socialinės garantijos yra palankesnės šeimoms, nesudariusioms santuokos, kai kurios palankesnės sutuoktinių šeimoms. / The paper disclosed problematic concept of family issues, family and marriage relationship and unique family of the value of personal and public life. The family concept Lithuanian legal system sis defined mixed, different laws for themselves reinforces the concept of family. The concept of family, and it is subject to social guarantees is one of the most modern problems, so the correct concept of family is very important, because they depend only on the family for protection and care. In order to analyze, summarize and compare the social guarantees for the families of the marriage cases and cases where the marriage has not been dealt with the Republic of Lithuania regulations, statistical databases and special literature. Basic social guarantees the principle is that families, depending on the family situation, the general public life changes, to be given adequate social security and create a favorable social guarantees work. The hypothesis that social guarantees for the families of the marriage cases are better than the social guarantees for families nesudariusiems marriage partly confirmed. The study found that the majority of social guarantees are analogous to the families of both marriage cases and cases where the marriage has not. Some of the social guarantees is more favorable to families, a non-marriage some of the more favorable the spouses' families.

Microbusiness is recognized as an important tool for economic growth especially in less developed countries. It is supposed that a lack of access to capital is one of the most prominent constraints of microentepreneurs. To address this limitation, many forms of loan guarantee programs have been established. This paper examines what demands are placed on an effective guarantee structure in this field and how these aims are accomplished by the current guarantee funds. In conclusion, the access to capital is getting better recently in these countries. Guarantee funds have been growing, however, their importance is not so significant yet. Guarantee funds have a potential to draw an attention of investors to microlending but the cost of these schemes seems to be too high.