The purpose of the present document is to offer a critical study of the elements that played a defining role in the composition of Benjamín Gutiérrez concerto for viola. It offers an analysis of the structure of the piece and also a description of the technical elements required to perform the piece. In order to contextualize this task, the researcher examined the historical elements that changed the course of symphonic music tradition in Costa Rica, and also the governmental policies that played a role in the establishment and institution of Costa Rica's national symphony. It also provides a description of the economic turmoil that affected the country during the gestation of the concerto and the repercussions of this turmoil in regards to cultural advocacy. Finally, the document includes discussion regarding the structure and technique of the concerto. The intention is to offer guidance to both teachers and performers regarding the most significant technical elements encountered in the concerto.

A Teologia da Libertação resultou de um movimento da Igreja Católica Latino-Americana que, para além da ação transformadora que buscou proporcionar quando começou a ser praticada na perspectiva libertadora, foi síntese histórica do que a precedeu. Não seria possível falar desta teologia sem, minimamente, citar eventos que facilitaram a compreensão do que seria o homem praticando a evangelização, pois não só a escassez sacerdotal fez ascender o leigo dentro da instituição, como, inclusive, a secularização do Estado e o contínuo desenvolvimento das ciências humanas e de conceitos filosóficos que, ao serem criticados pela Igreja Católica Romana, definiram as interpretações hierárquicas e sacerdotais sobre o que seria, portanto, a Igreja do século XX. Estas características são melhores compreendidas quando o precedente sociopolítico de um dos seus principais idealizadores, Gustavo Gutierrez, é aproximado na perspectiva com que ele próprio descreve o que viria a ser a atuação religiosa na emancipação humana, ratificando sua proposta de superação prática da condição de oprimido e opressor, ou, como ele denomina, da práxis libertadora. / The Liberation Theology resulted from a movement of the Latin-American Catholic Church that, beyond the transforming action it sought to provide when started being practiced into the liberating perspective, was the historic synthesis of what had preceded itself. Wouldnt be possible talking about this theology without, at least, mention some events that facilitated the comprehension of what would be the man practicing the evangelization, because not only did the shortage of priests ascend the layperson within the institution, as even the secularization of the State and the continuous development of the humanities and philosophical concepts that, when criticized by the Roman Catholic Church, defined the hierarchical and priestly interpretation about what would be the twentieth centurys church. These characteristics are better understood when the social-politics precedents of one of its most important founders, Gustavo Gutierrez, is approached from the perspective with which he, himself, describes what would be the religious action for the mankind emancipation, ratifying its proposal to, while practicing, overcome the condition of oppressor and oppressed, or, as he said, the liberating praxis.

A Teologia da Libertação resultou de um movimento da Igreja Católica Latino-Americana que, para além da ação transformadora que buscou proporcionar quando começou a ser praticada na perspectiva libertadora, foi síntese histórica do que a precedeu. Não seria possível falar desta teologia sem, minimamente, citar eventos que facilitaram a compreensão do que seria o homem praticando a evangelização, pois não só a escassez sacerdotal fez ascender o leigo dentro da instituição, como, inclusive, a secularização do Estado e o contínuo desenvolvimento das ciências humanas e de conceitos filosóficos que, ao serem criticados pela Igreja Católica Romana, definiram as interpretações hierárquicas e sacerdotais sobre o que seria, portanto, a Igreja do século XX. Estas características são melhores compreendidas quando o precedente sociopolítico de um dos seus principais idealizadores, Gustavo Gutierrez, é aproximado na perspectiva com que ele próprio descreve o que viria a ser a atuação religiosa na emancipação humana, ratificando sua proposta de superação prática da condição de oprimido e opressor, ou, como ele denomina, da práxis libertadora. / The Liberation Theology resulted from a movement of the Latin-American Catholic Church that, beyond the transforming action it sought to provide when started being practiced into the liberating perspective, was the historic synthesis of what had preceded itself. Wouldnt be possible talking about this theology without, at least, mention some events that facilitated the comprehension of what would be the man practicing the evangelization, because not only did the shortage of priests ascend the layperson within the institution, as even the secularization of the State and the continuous development of the humanities and philosophical concepts that, when criticized by the Roman Catholic Church, defined the hierarchical and priestly interpretation about what would be the twentieth centurys church. These characteristics are better understood when the social-politics precedents of one of its most important founders, Gustavo Gutierrez, is approached from the perspective with which he, himself, describes what would be the religious action for the mankind emancipation, ratifying its proposal to, while practicing, overcome the condition of oppressor and oppressed, or, as he said, the liberating praxis.

Entre le début des années cinquante et la fin des années soixante, nombre de réalisations symptomatiques des nouveaux cinémas latino-américains se trouvent influencées par le néoréalisme italien. Le cinéma cubain est généralement associé à ce phénomène, et les relations privilégiées entretenues avec le scénariste italien Cesare Zavattini participent pour beaucoup à confirmer cet état de fait. Pourtant, après 1959, de multiples contradictions viennent remettre en question cette filiation néoréaliste supposée et maintes fois réaffirmée. L’étude menée cherche ainsi à reconsidérer l’allégation de départ et à mesurer l’impact de la Révolution cubaine sur cette interrelation cinématographique / From the early fifties to the late sixties, a certain number of films, representing the new paths of latin-american cinema, were influenced by the italian neo-realism. Cuban cinema is usually perceived as a part of this phenomenon and, mainlyamongst other things, the privileged relations with the italian screenwriter Cesare Zavattini tend to confirm this statement. However, after 1959, many contradictions rise up and lead to question this so-called filiation, still many times re-affirmed. It is the aim of the present study to question the former statement and measure the impact of the Cuban Revolution on this cinematographic inter-relation

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1996. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-183).

This essay proposes that theology and philosophy are not mutually exclusive or at odds with one another methodologically, but in fact that religious categories are useful in philosophical analyses, and particularly when it comes to ethics. In this essay, I examine the theological concept of sin as it is expressed in Latin American Liberation Theology (over and against the more traditional understanding of sin in Western Christianity) as the domination of the Other and the oppression of the poor through geo-political systems of power. I explore the responses to this notion from the Magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church, as well as my own critiques in terms of theoretical integrity with particular regard to claims of universalism. The essay then proceeds into a synthesis of these criticisms through the work of Josiah Royce on Community and Loyalty in

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Estudio del léxico de las obras de Gutiérrez de Toledo (1498), de Montaña de Monserrate (1551), de Juan Valverde (1556) y de Francisco Díaz (1588), elegidos por ser, unos, los primeros tratados sobre Urología y Anatomía escritos en romance y, otros, los mejores tratados del Renacimiento español.Hemos intentado demostrar cómo una gran cantidad de términos médicos utilizados, usualmente, hasta hoy día aparecen por primera vez en estas obras. En total nuestro léxico contiene 4565 entradas, de las que sólo 500 aparecen en los tres diccionarios consultados -DRAE, DCECH, DETEMA-. Concluimos demostrando que la primera datación de algunas de las voces se halla en estos autores. Su interés estriba en la falta de estudios al respecto y en lo novedoso que resulta en el momento en que los tratados científicos aún se escribían en latín, el hecho de que estos cuatro médicos se decidan a hacerlo en romance. / Research on the vocabulary of the works by Gutierrez de Toledo, by Montaña, by Valverde and by Díaz, chosen as ones are the first treatises on Urology and Anatomy written in Spanish and others because they are the best Spanish Renaissance treatises.We have tried to prove that such a big amount of medical terminology used, usually, even nowadays, appears for the first time in the above mentioned works. In total our lexicon contains up to 4,565 terms, but only 500 appear in the 3 dictionaries checked -DRAE, DCECH, DETEMA-. We conclude proving that the first time these terms appear are in the works of these authors.The interest relies on the lack of research regarding this issue and how innovative is the fact that these four doctors decided to do it in Spanish at a time these type of scientific treatises were still written in Latin.

This dissertation is an investigation on the realist film theory of Siegfried Kracauer. It was principally conducted through film practice as exemplified by the ten short films that compose the omnibus film project, Life-world Series (dir. Joni Gutierrez, 2017, 118 minutes). To supplement the study's examination of Kracauerian cinematic realism (KCR), film criticism of selected works of Lino Brocka was also accomplished. The methodology involved three components: (1) research-based production of Life-world Series; (2) textual analyses of the said film collection and selected Brocka films; and (3) meta-analysis of the scholarly criticism on the Brocka film. This dissertation is the first to use film-making practice which was a part of the research project and devised to investigate KCR, which avows that the cinematic experience of physical reality as an object of contemplation fosters an intuitive understanding of the Lebenswelt (life-world) and, in turn, brings about the redemptive potential of film vis-à-vis the modern condition. The emergent design of Life-world Series opened the study to a wide range of possibilities that it could not have encountered if it limited itself to applying a particular theory as a framework in doing film criticism of pre-existing works. This project - through both its film practice and criticism components - is an interweaving of key notions from Husserlian phenomenology and the seven KCR tropes identified in the study, namely: (1) the quotidian; (2) the transient; (3) the refuse; (4) the fortuitous; (5) the indeterminate; (6) the flow of life; and (7) the spiritual life itself. The phenomenological engagement of this investigation has provided opportunities for expanding the inventory of KCR tropes, to conceivably include characteristics of the Lebenswelt which form part of the project's overall findings; that is, the life-world as: (1) expansive; (2) multi-layered; (3) flowing; (4) in the process of becoming; (5) resonantly intersubjective; (6) a thing of beauty; (7) relating to essences; (8) cyclical; (9) transcendent; (10) meaning-laden; (11) fragmented; and (12) malleable. The dissertation explicates how its phenomenological approach in inspecting KCR led to the construction of a prospective model of cinematic realism - the integrated quadrant model of Kracauerian cinematic realism (IQMKCR) - and finally, determines the implications and prospects of using film practice as an instrument in interrogating KCR.

This thesis looks at Blessed are the Poor?, a document presented to the General Synod of the Scottish Episcopal Church that sought to outline Liberation Theology to the Church. In response to this the Synod voted £1,000,000 of its resources to be used specifically in projects in the poorest parts of Scotland. The thesis outlines those projects and the way in which they sought to embody the "Option for the Poor". The thesis closes by looking at whether Blessed are the Poor? faithfully represented Liberation Theology and the "Option"; whether the projects represented that theology and concluding that they did not, recognises that it is the nature of both the "Option" and the institutional Church that such a task could never be achieved. In order to understand the pastoral project this thesis outlines the historical development of Liberation Theology after the Second Vatican Council and in Latin America with particular emphasis on the "Option for the Poor". This thesis proceeds to look at the development of an "Option for the Poor" in the work of Gustavo Gutiérrez, the leading Liberation Theologian. The critiques of that work from the Vatican, Pablo Richard and Hugo Assmann are then considered. Gutiérrez’s works are used to develop a theological matrix that identifies the essential elements of the “Option for the Poor”. Having considered the notion of the "Option for the Poor" the thesis proceeds to look at how the "Option" was taken forward in the Churches in Britain before focussing on the specific response of the Scottish Episcopal Church. The matrix is used as a tool to assess whether the various parts of the response truly reflected the “Option for the Poor”.