Materials exhibiting new functionalities due to interdependent electric (e.g. conductivity) and magnetic properties are potentially interesting for spintronics applications. We have investigated electronic and magnetic properties by means of x-ray spectroscopies and SQUID magnetometry in several magnetic materials, often in the form of thin films, which have shown promising properties for applications. One of the main subjects has been studies of inter-diffusion between layers in multilayer structures, which is an important factor for spin-dependent transport and magnetic properties. These studies have been performed by high kinetic (HIKE) photoemission spectroscopy where high photon energies increase the bulk sensitivity in comparison to soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Cu/Ni multilayers were studied mainly as a model system and revealed a diffusion process that was dependent on layer thicknesses and capping materials. CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB, which is used as a magnetic field sensor in hard drives, has recently been shown to exhibit a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) switchable by electric fields. We have studied both the interface quality and magnetic properties of thin CoFeB layers exhibiting PMA. Layered structures of full Heusler alloys Co2MnGe/Rh2CuSn have been proposed as a promising candidate for current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magneto-resistance sensors. Using HIKE,we have shown that diffusion of atoms, mainly Mn, occurs at temperatures lower than what is used in device fabrication, which likely contributes to the limited magneto-resistance values obtained. Lately, a large body of research has been performed on semiconductors doped with transition metal elements with the hope to find a ferromagnetic semiconductor at room temperature, a foundation for new devices combining spin and charge in their functionality. We have investigated Co and Fe doping in ZnO for different concentrations of the dopants and different annealing temperatures. The Co and Fe atoms are shown to forms clusters for which antiferromagnetic interactions are dominating.

This thesis follows solo women hikers as they embark upon walking either the Pacific Crest Trail or the Appalachian Trail from beginning to end. By witnessing the ways in which the women hikers navigate the counter-culture of the trails, a critique of American society is revealed. This paper focuses on the differences between trail culture and normative culture, the transformations the hikers undergo, and how the hikes have affected the women’s lives.

This thesis follows solo women hikers as they embark upon walking either the Pacific Crest Trail or the Appalachian Trail from beginning to end. By witnessing the ways in which the women hikers navigate the counter-culture of the trails, a critique of American society is revealed. This paper focuses on the differences between trail culture and normative culture, the transformations the hikers undergo, and how the hikes have affected the women’s lives.

site of the High Coast area. The area spans from Örnsköldsvik down to Härnösand. In this area, a hiking trail called The High Coast Trail extends through almost the entire World Heritage. The trail is 130 km long and is one of Sweden’s 14 signature trails. The environment along the trail varies a lot and shifts between deep forests, mountain tops, sandy beaches, steep cliffs, and green meadows. My work has been focused around the trail and the hiking possibilities. I started this project by analyzing and mapping the trail distances, the current amenities, and the nature to find suitable locations for my cabins. The mapping has been done by hiking the trail, meeting with people involved in the trail, as well as examining maps. Through my research and interviews, seven nature experiences were extracted. These were then paired with my seven chosen sites to shape the seven cabins. The cabins are designed to accommodate eight people and operate in the same way as the Norwegian DNT self-service cabins, requiring advance booking and a special key for access. Produced in local wood, the cabin elements are built in a factory located in the heart of the High Coast area. The materials are transported close to the site by helicopter or snowmobile and then assembled by hand. The cabins are anchored to the ground using one of three methods: on stilts attached to the mountain, floating on steel pontoons, or suspended from trees. The walls of the seven cabins are all constructed of the same system with stackable elements. The weight of the elements is limited to 45 kg and can be lifted by two workers and assembled by hand. 1.5 m or 2 m long wall elements are stacked and connected with wooden joints. The joints lock together without nails or screws and can be disassembled, moved, and stacked in new configurations, providing greater flexibility for future modifications.

Architecture and music share intrinsic meanings generated by a constant stream of metaphors which are forms of poetic transformations. This thesis sought to challenge the present way an architect-musician makes drawings through the exploration of multimedia possibilities at hand. The drawings are composed using Macromedia Flash MX. OPEN HOMEPAGE.EXE To download flash player, click here: <a href="http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/download.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash"> Download flash Player</a> / Master of Architecture

In recent years the video game industry has seen a rise of the term “cozy games”. In an attempt to explore this new term, this thesis closely looks into three games commonly associated with the label – A Short Hike, Unpacking, and GRIS – to find the essence of what makes them be perceived as cozy. By performing a qualitative analysis, where we played through all of the games two times each, deconstructing and analyzing the different components through the lens of gameplay, visuals, and narrative, we aimed to reach a further understanding of this new term. Our hope is to aid both players as well as developers to gain a better grip of this term, potentially supporting in the process of establishing cozy as a genre of its own. Reaching a concrete result proved difficult. These games that are perceived as cozy are seldom only cozy, the aesthetic being achieved by a combination of several components. These components could be things such as a compelling narrative and visual style, or simple gameplay embracing mundanity and nonviolence. / På senare år har den digitala spelindustrin sett en ökning av termen “cozy games” (“mysiga spel”). I ett försök att utforska denna nya term, tittar denna avhandling noggrant på tre spel som vanligtvis associeras med stämpeln – A Short Hike, Unpacking, och GRIS – för att hitta essensen i vad som gör att de uppfattas som mysiga. Genom att utföra en kvalitativ analys där vi spelar igenom alla spelen två gånger var, dekonstruerar och analyserar de olika komponenterna genom linsen av kontroller/spelupplägg, det visuella och narrativ, var vårt mål att nå en ytterligare förståelse av termen. Vi hoppas att kunna underlätta för både spelare som utvecklare att få ett bättre grepp av denna term, för att vidare kunna komma att hjälpa till i processen att etablera mysigt som sin egen genre. Ett konkret resultat visade sig vara svårt att nå. Dessa spel som uppfattas mysiga är sällan bara mysiga, med flertalet komponenter bidragande till estetiken. Dessa komponenter kan vara sådant som fängslande narrativ och visuell stil, eller enkla kontroller som omfamnar vardaglighet och ickevåld.