There are many methods to measure the physical fitness of athletes, including tests that can be applied in the field or in the laboratory. Much of the recent research with regard to fitness of team sport players has been undertaken using laboratory testing to measure aerobic power, anaerobic power and capacity, strength and flexibility. Field tests are an alternative method to measure the fitness of players without the expense, time and expertise required for the laboratory testing, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to establish procedures for the application of contemporary sports science practice for Indonesian female field hockey players, including determination of the precision of field tests of the physical and performance characteristics of field hockey players in Indonesia; determination of the physical and performance characteristics of Indonesian female field hockey players; identification of the performance demands and distance covered during competitive field hockey at the national level in Indonesia; comparison of the physical and performance characteristics of national level female field hockey players in Indonesia with those of club level players in Australia; and determination of the relationships between field and laboratory tests of physiological performance capacity for field hockey. Due to conversion problems, five paragraphs have been omitted. For full abstract, see 01front.pdf. In conclusion, the present study found that the Indonesian female field hockey players (at the national level) were comparable to the Australian female field hockey players (at the club level) in some physical and performance test results. However, they were also different on other physical and performance characteristic measurements, with the Indonesian players generally have lower values, for other performance measurements.

Inledning: Svensk ishockey har under de senaste decennierna utvecklats till att bli en upplevelse­­­industri, vilket gör upplevelsen i arenan allt viktigare. En ishockeymatch säljs numer som en helhetsupplevelse, vilket ställer krav på klubbens utformning av arena­upplevelsen. Syfte: Studiens syfte är främst att undersöka hur Örebro Hockey arbetar med arena­upplevelsen för publiken i Behrn Arena under ishockeymatcher samt vad klubben i framtiden kan göra för att förbättra arenaupplevelsen. Studien ska även undersöka skillnaderna mellan att se en match i Behrn Arena och på tv. Frågeställningar: Vad gör Örebro Hockey för arenaupplevelsen i Behrn Arena? Vad kan Örebro Hockey göra för att i framtiden förbättra arenaupplevelsen för publiken? Hur har den historiska utvecklingen av arenaupplevelsen i Behrn Arena sett ut för Örebro Hockey? Vad finns det för skillnader mellan Örebro Hockeys matcharrangemang i Behrn Arena och tv-sändningar av C More? Metod: Studien använder en kvalitativ metod med fallstudiedesign. Det genomförs fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer, varav två görs på Örebro Hockeys kansli, en på restaurang Grodan i Stockholm och en på telefon. Vidare görs två mejlintervjuer med representanter för Örebro Hockey. Det görs även två ostrukturerade observationer: en i Behrn Arena och en under en tv-sänd SHL-match av C More. Resultat och slutsats: För att skapa en bra arenaupplevelse för publiken i Behrn Arena använder Örebro Hockey främst kringarrangemang och temamatcher. För att i framtiden förbättra arena­upplevelsen kan klubben däremot förbättra utbudet av mat och dryck för vanliga åskådare samt öka antalet kassaplatser i arenan. För drygt fem år sedan var det enbart ishockeymatchen som var Örebro Hockeys produkt. Publiksiffrorna i Behrn Arena var låga och det fanns varken alkoholtillstånd eller ett varia­tionsrikt utbud av mat och dryck. Sedan dess har stora förändringar skett och det är idag inte enbart ishockeymatchen som är evenemangets produkt, utan kringarrangemang och tema­matcher görs för att öka arenaupplevelsen för åskådarna. För att möjliggöra detta har Örebro Hockeys organisation förändrats och nya tjänster som privatmarknadschef och event­koordinator har tillkommit. Det är slutligen skillnad mellan att se en match live i Behrn Arena och en tv-sänd match av C More. En tv-sänd match ger åskådaren mycket information, genom exempelvis kommentarer, analyser, repriser och statistik. Detta är svårt att erbjuda åskådaren i arenan, även om Örebro Hockey, exempelvis genom en egen studio med intervjuer, gör närmanden mot det. På plats i Behrn Arena får åskådaren däremot uppleva en stämning som är svår att förmedla via en tv-sändning. / The aim of the present thesis is to examine the arena experience of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) club Örebro Hockey. Örebro Hockey has had the highest spectator coverage   in SHL both season 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, reaching 97 % and 99 % of the arena respectively. Of that reason, it is of interest to examine what has made the club that successive. The aim of the thesis is also to examine the differences between a game watched live in Behrn Arena, in the arena of Örebro Hockey, and a televised SHL game. The thesis uses a qualitative research method, with three semi-structured interviews with respondents from Örebro Hockey and also a semi-structured interview with Dan Persson. Two additional email interviews are completed with respondents from Örebro Hockey. Furthermore, two un­structured observations are carried out. The observations are made during a game in Behrn Arena and during a televised game. The conclusion of the thesis is that Örebro Hockey primarily uses special events connected to the actual game and theme games to enhance the arena experience of the spectators. Another important conclusion is that while televised games provide the spectator information that is difficult to obtain in the arena, such as replays, statistics, analysis and interviews, games live in the arena provide the spectator an atmosphere that cannot be experienced in a televised game.

Cette thèse porte sur les débuts du hockey organisé à Montréal, entre 1875 et 1917, soit depuis la première partie publique jouée à la patinoire Victoria jusqu'à la formation de la Ligue Nationale de Hockey. Les principales sources utilisées sont les journaux de l'époque car peu des premières équipes ont gardé leurs archives et peu des premiers joueurs ont laissé des témoignages. La Presse, La Patrie et Le Devoir ont été les sources francophones, alors que The Gazette et le Montreal Daily Star l'ont été pour le côté anglophone. Cette étude vise à démontrer que le hockey, tel que nous le pratiquons aujourd'hui, a pris racine à Montréal à la fin du 19e siècle. C'est dans cette ville que ce sport est né, que les premières décisions importantes à son sujet ont été prises. Ce sport a pris naissance dans la communauté d'origine britannique, qui pratique déjà plusieurs sports, pour gagner ensuite les milieux irlandais puis canadiens-français. La naissance de ce sport coïncide avec un contexte favorable sur les plans technologique: aqueduc, électricité et chemin de fer; économique: prospérité économique et industrialisation importante; social: préoccupation pour la santé publique; et géographique: île située au milieu de confluents de plusieurs rivières et du fleuve. II nous apparaît que l'histoire de l'émergence de ce sport peut être divisée en quatre étapes. La première consiste dans la création du jeu et de sa diffusion dans les années 1870. Dans la deuxième, on assiste à l'organisation des premières équipes et ligues. La troisième est marquée d'un débat entre amateurisme et professionnalisme, soit les orientations à donner au hockey. Dans la quatrième, le hockey professionnel devient une réalité. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2014

No description available.

In the wake of 21 year old Don Sanderson’s death (January 1st, 2009), the direct result of head injuries sustained during an on-ice hockey fight, the social and political appetite for eliminating violence in amateur hockey appears to be at an all time high. Unfortunately, due to a variety of methodological and conceptual limitations previous research is currently unable to provide a unified and valid explanation for sport-specific aggression (Kirker, Tenenbaum, & Mattson, 2000). One of the primary impediments facing our understanding of sport-specific aggression is the descriptive and fragmented nature of the current body of literature. Over the years a number of independent lines of research have been undertaken, through which several psychological and social factors have been identified as potential determinants. However, in many cases these constructs have yet to be tested against athletes’ actual aggressive behaviour in sport and thus their predictive contribution to our understanding is still unknown. Consequently, the purpose of the current investigation was to assess the predictive influence of several commonly cited psychosocial constructs on amateur hockey players actual within-competition use of aggressive behaviour over a competitive season. A trait aggressive personality disposition emerged as the strongest and most stable predictor of athletes’ aggressive behaviour, accounting for 10 – 40% of the statistical variance depending upon the age and competitive level of the athletes under investigation. Differences in the overt expression of the this trait aggressive disposition between age cohorts (bantam / midget) and competitive levels (house league / rep) suggests that environmental and contextual factors also play a significant role in facilitating or repressing athletes’ aggressive behaviour. As such, the results of the current study support an interactive explanation for hockey-related aggression, whereby situational (e.g., team norms, perceived reinforcement) and personal factors (e.g., trait aggressive disposition, ego orientation) interact to either increase or decrease an athlete’s likelihood for committing aggressive penalty infractions over a competitive season. The current results are plotted and discussed within the parameters of Anderson and Bushman’s (2002) General Aggression Model (GAM), which is a frequently cited interactionist framework used in the broader study of human aggression.

The aim of the study was to examine the muscle activities of fifteen male participants (23.44 ±2.63 years) during unilateral hockey bag load carrying of different weights (10%, 20%, and 30% bodyweight) and sizes (small and large). Walking without a hockey bag was the control condition. The results showed that increased peak and integrated EMG occurred with an increased load weight in the semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, rectus abdominis, and vastus medialis. The left rectus femoris and left semitendinosus were both significantly greater than the right corresponding muscle. Carrying the large hockey bag produced greater peak EMG in the right rectus abdominis and the right rectus femoris, whereas the right vastus medialis showed a larger peak EMG in the small hockey bag. It was concluded that the posterior-lateral carrying style of hockey bag load carriage explained the results being similar to both backpack and side pack load carriage studies.

Title: The birth and evolution of ice hockey in Příbram Autor: Karolína Lišková Department: Tělesné výchovy Supervisor: PaedDr., PhDr. Ladislav Kašpar, Ph.D. Abstract: In this work I sum up the birth and evolution of ice hockey in Pribram. All work is about complete beginnings of ice hockey and his progress. Information in my work describe each period of men's hockey and the most significant players and coaches. Keywords: Ice hockey, 1st hockey league, 2nd hockey league, relegation, hockey club Příbram

Title: Ice hockey and crisis in the Czech Republic Objectives: Investigate the impact of the current economic crisis on ice hockey in the Czech Republic. Methods: Collect macroeconomic indexes of the Czech Republic and determine the impact of the economic crisis on its economy. Collecting and monitoring of economic indexes of ice hockey teams in the Czech republic before and during crisis. Results: The current global economic crisis affected the economy of the Czech Republic. This crisis affected the Czech ice hockey clubs as well and culminated in 2008 and 2009. The main cause was high dependence on income from sponsors, which constitutes about 70-80% of total income. During the crisis, many companies reduce their sponsorship activities. Currently, most clubs have already settled with the economic crisis and is expected to have as its end. Keywords: Ice hockey, crisis, the Czech republic

Main goal of this thesis is to describe and analyze factors that influence attendance of sport events (matches) of HC Pardubice with the focus on the work with fans as one of the assumed factors of attendance rate. The theory part si focused on theories which refer to this problem. These are: demand for sport and its determinants, theory of sport product and fan definition. At the beginning of practice part, the thesis describes characteristics of the hockey club. Next chapter deals with factors which influence the attendance rate with the goal to determine the significance of particular factors. Subsequently the thesis analyzes the work with fans with special attention to sport product of the club, its price, sales promotion and other elements of club's marketing. Individual chapters are supplemented by the results of the research of HC Pardubice supporters sample that refer to the content of each chapter. In conclusion, the work with spectators is evaluated and possibilities of spectator care development are propounded.

Ice hockey helmets effectively mitigate the risk of skull fractures and focal traumatic brain injuries in professional ice hockey (PIH), but do not manage diffuse brain injuries such as concussion. This is due to current standard tests, which only represent one head impact event (a fall to the ice) and do not measure rotational head kinematics. It is important that helmets are evaluated using impact conditions that represent how players sustain concussions in ice hockey. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between three ice hockey helmet tests and reconstructions of three concussive injury events in PIH. A flat anvil drop test (representing head-to-ice impacts), angled anvil drop test (representing head-to-boards impacts at 30o and 45o) and pneumatic ram test (representing medium and high compliance shoulder-to-head impacts) were performed using parameters reflecting concussive injuries in PIH. Stepwise regressions identified the dynamic response variables producing the strongest relationships with MPS. For the flat anvil drop test, dominant linear acceleration had the strongest relationship with MPS (R2 = 0.960), while there were no significant predictors of MPS from the PIH head-to-ice reconstructions. Rotational velocity had the strongest relationship for the 30o (R2 = 0.978) and 45o Anvil Drop Tests (R2 = 0.977), while rotational acceleration had the strongest relationship for the PIH head-to-boards reconstructions (R2 = 0.649). Resultant rotational acceleration had the strongest relationship for the medium compliance ram test (R2 = 0.671), the high compliance ram test (R2 = 0.850) and the PIH shoulder-to-head reconstructions (R2 = 0.763). The flat anvil drop test results indicate that falls on a flat, rigid surface induce primarily linear acceleration of the head. Standards should continue using this type of test to ensure helmets prevent skull fracture and focal TBI. Ice hockey helmets should also be evaluated using an angled anvil drop test and a collision ram test, representing two unique head impact events known to cause concussive injuries. The 45o Anvil Drop Test provided a closer representation of concussive head-to-boards impacts in PIH, with rotational velocity producing the strongest relationship with MPS. For collision impacts, the Medium Compliance Ram Test yielded repeatable impact conditions while the High Compliance Ram Test provided a closer representation of real-world concussive shoulder-to-head impacts. For these pneumatic ram tests, rotational acceleration produced the strongest relationship with MPS. The information in this thesis may be used by standards organizations when designing future ice hockey helmet tests.