M.A. / The aim of this study was to ascertain the coping methods of women in long term follow-up of breast cancer treatment. Furthermore, personality traits that deal with the spectrum of positive affectivity were introduced to determine whether these impact on women's appraisal of their situation and their subsequent choice of coping mechanism. Thus, a process approach to exploring coping strategies and a goal-attainment conceptualization of hope were used to determine whether hope is associated with coping appraisal in the long term follow-up of breast cancer treatment. Furthermore, high hope women were expected to use more problem focused coping methods and low hope women were expected to use more emotion focused coping skills. Women in cancer remission who attend yearly or six-monthly check-ups at the Johannesburg hospital were approached to complete the questionnaire and brief interview. Although the study did not confirm that low hope and high hope women use different kinds of coping strategies, the predicted relationship between hope and challenge appraisals was supported by significant correlations. However, it was found that hope may be analogous to positive affect, thus indicating the need for further validation of the Hope Scale. Finally, it was concluded that breast cancer need not be seen as a devitalising disease and that there are a variety of coping strategies which can be utilized to enhance patient's positive emotional state. The women in this study use the emotion focused coping skill of positive reappraisal which concentrates on the possibilities for mastery and growth that inhere in their long term follow-up treatment. Moreover, women are extremely positive and hopeful in their daily outlook and while this personality trait seems to suggest that denial is at play, it is more likely that women in long term remission have a strong belief in their own personal qualities and future. Women in this study choose to distance themselves from the implicit trauma of the threat of recurrence in favour of an active belief in their personal resilience to overcome any stressful event or outcome.

Thesis advisor: John R. Sachs / Thesis advisor: Margaret E. Guider / Catholic faith affirms human nature as an intrinsic fundamental unity between body and soul. Nonetheless, because the soul is immortal, Catholic teaching asserts that the soul survives even when it is separated from the body between death and resurrection. This belief in the survival of the separate soul can lead to a misguided understanding of the afterlife. It also has potentially detrimental consequences for the people of God in the present life. If the afterlife is conceived as a pure spiritual reality disconnected from the material world, the faith-filled practices of popular religiosity can lose their embodied character and be reduced to nothing more than pious spiritual devotions that are totally disengaged from the responsibilities and realities of Christian life. Guided by these concerns, this inquiry reflects on the manner in which Church teaching on the human soul is communicated through rites and rituals for the dead, especially in the selection and interpretation of biblical texts and in the choice of liturgical prayers. This study also reviews the historical evolution of Church teaching on the soul as well as the foundations that have contributed to Catholic understandings of theological anthropology and eschatology. Particular attention is given to Thomas Aquinas’s understanding of human nature and the human soul as the substantial form of the body. Further attention is given to the inherent difficulties encountered with regard to the notion of the separated soul after death. Challenged by questions raised in accord with theological reasoning, the separation of body and soul also is contested by contemporary scientific data suggesting that the brain has a central role in the generation of human intellectual functions. As Catholic theology has traditionally attributed these functions to the soul, it becomes evident that theology must be in dialogue with science if Church teaching is to give a more reasonable account of human nature. The problem of the separated soul is further examined in the light of the post-Vatican II theological debate on the notion of intermediate state. Two distinct views on this subject are presented in the works of Karl Rahner and Joseph Ratzinger. While Rahner considers the intermediate state as an intellectual framework for thinking about the afterlife and not a matter of binding faith, Ratzinger considers the intermediate state as an important belief connected to the doctrine of the immortality and the survival of the soul after death. This study argues that Rahner’s view is more appropriate as it leaves the question of the intermediate state open to theological debate while also affirming the symbolic dimension of eschatological language. In conclusion, this dissertation proposes Rahner’s hermeneutical principles for the interpretation of the Church’s eschatological assertions as a means to preserve foundational Catholic beliefs while respecting their metaphorical nature. It also proposes that all eschatological assertions of the Church only can be rightly understood and interpreted in light of the resurrection of the body, the central Christian hope and symbol of the permanent and fundamental body-soul unity of human nature. / Thesis (STD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry. / Discipline: Sacred Theology.

This project is a practical theological investigation into a congregation which has experienced remarkable and prolonged numeric decline. The author observes that while ultimate hope in God’s future remains, practical hope in the present has diminished. The project brings previously underutilized resources on the psychology of hope into conversation with a Christian theology of hope, including what forces work against hope and what conditions allow it to grow. It then offers practical strategies to restore a wholistic operative theology of hope in the congregation or others like it, thus allowing them to more fully live out Christian life and ministry.

Thesis advisor: Rafael Luciani / Thesis advisor: Casey Beaumier / Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry. / Discipline: Sacred Theology.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Architecture, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Johannesburg, 1996 / This thesis is set within the historical context of the commercial empire of the VOC (Dutch East India Company), which established a refreshment post for its ships at the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, in 1652. The central proposition of the thesis is that the architectural principles established at the Cape between 1652 and 1710 had a greater influence on subsequent developments than has previously been acknowledged. This proposition challenges the widely accepted theory that Cape Dutch architecture developed as an evolution from vernacular beginnings. Re.search in the field to date has focused largely on Cape Dutch buildings, dating from after the mid-18th century, and on later survivals of vernacular types. As a result the buildings erected prior to 1710, defined here as proto-Cape Dutch, have been largely ignored. To redress this imbalance, the thesis investigates the proto-Cape Dutch period in its own right, by presenting the widest possible range of building types erected during this period. Since few of these buildings survive, the evidence for the thesis was derived largely from archival material. This comprised three types of contemporary sources: the official records of the VOC, the written accounts of visitors to the Cape, and the drawings of visiting artists. Some sources were clearly unreliable, but in several cases it was possible to reconcile evidence which initially appeared to be contradictory. The interpretation and evaluation of this research is addressed in Part 1 of the thesis. The architectural evidence is presented in Part 2, where the process of analysis and reconciliation is revealed. This process facilitated the detailed reconstruction of some of the more prominent buildings of the proto-Cape Dutch period no longer in existence. The thesis contends that such buildings, with sophisticated plans and Renaissance proportions, were the stimulus for the development of Cape Dutch architecture later in the 18th century. The thesis thus comprises three major components: the development of a research method; the re-evaluation through this method of a number of buildings known primarily from documentary sources; and the proposition based on this re-evaluation that Cape Dutch architecture was a simplification of the precedent established by the more sophisticated buildings of the proto-Cape Dutch period. The method employed and the conclusions drawn from the evidence may suggest applications in similar colonial circumstances elsewhere. LIST OF KEY WORDS Cape Dutch architecture - Civil engineering works - Dutch colonial architecture - Fortifications - Hospitals - Non-residential buildings - Proto-Cape Dutch architecture - Religious buildings - Residential buildings - Town planning / WS2017

Aims: The aims of this study are three-fold: to review the worldwide literature on monitoring the health, physical activity and fitness of young people; to determine the purpose and prevalence of the monitoring of young people's health, physical activity and fitness within secondary PE school curricula in England and to explore the factors affecting teachers' views of and approaches to such monitoring; and to propose recommendations for monitoring health, physical activity and fitness within secondary school PE curricula in England which may have relevance and applicability to the Taiwanese context. Methods: The research design involved the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods, including a national survey of selected state secondary schools and interviewing a sample of Head of PE department (HoPE). Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square analysis were employed to analysis quantitative data of the prevalence of monitoring pupils' health, physical activity or fitness within school curriculum, and to exam the homogeneity of HoPEs' attitudes and views (agree v.s disagree) towards specific statements with different gender, and teaching experience. The significant level of Chi-square is .05. Coding and thematic analysis were employed to analysis qualitative data. Results: 118 schools (38.4%) returned the questionnaires and 12 teachers were interviewed. The proportion of schools which monitored pupils' health, physical activity and fitness was 39%, 61.9%, and 89.0% respectively. The interview data revealed issues including purpose and value of monitoring; responsibility and accountability; pupils' responses; teachers' conceptual confusion, and resource limitations. Recommendations: Nine recommendations were proposed including: (1) physical educators should broaden their monitoring approach beyond fitness; (2) formal guidance on monitoring within the PE school curriculum should be produced; (3) teachers should be offered continuing professional development on this topic; (4) PE teachers should be encourage to employ simply, manageable monitoring methods; (5) health benefits of physical activity and physical activity promotion should be weighted through monitoring processes; (6) PE teachers should realise that the processes of monitoring health, physical activity and fitness are appropriate contexts for learning; (7) it is unnecessary to make comparisons between students or against standardized norms; (8) teachers should aim to personalise monitoring procedures and ensure that pupils' experience of monitoring is positive; (9) PE teachers should encourage and teach children self-monitor skills to develop their independence and self- management skills. An example formal guidance for key stage 3 on monitoring health, physical activity and fitness within the PE curriculum has been proposed to help PE teachers broaden their approaches on monitoring and present them a range of implementation example.

Hui Chi Wing Josephine. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-97). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Hope in the Literature --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Hope and Adjustment --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- The Proposed Study - Methodology --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Result I - The Construct of Hope --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Result II - Hope and Adjustment in Community Sample --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Result III - Hope and Adjustment in Clinical Sample --- p.74 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Conclusion --- p.87 / References --- p.91 / Appendices --- p.98 / Appendix A: Interview Form for the Thalassemic Children --- p.98 / Appendix B: Invitation Letters and Consent Forms for the Community Sample --- p.103 / Appendix C: Children Questionnaire for the Community Sample --- p.104 / Appendix D: Parent Questionnaire for the Community Sample --- p.110 / Appendix E: Consent Forms for the Clinical Sample --- p.116 / Appendix F: Children Questionnaire for the Clinical Sample --- p.118 / Appendix G: Parent Questionnaire for the Clinical Sample --- p.127 / Appendix H: Coding Protocol --- p.138

Magister Artium - MA (History) / In the following two chapters I will attempt to offer a more systemic account of St. Helena immigration to South African between 1838 and 1948. To date, no such study has been undertaken, despite a vibrant oral tradition amongst the descendants of St. Helena immigrants celebrating their St. Helenian heritage and often, in peculiar fashion, romanticise their Island of provenance. The commencement date for my chosen timeframe emerges from a need to authenticate rather tenuous historical accounts of St. Helena’s first mass emigration for the Cape of Good Hope in 1838. Where cases of migration are discussed, these are either incidences of large-­scale 41, often aided, migration and settlement, or of those St. Helena migrant workers initially employed under temporary contacts to work in South Africa, specifically within burgeoning industrial sectors of the late-­nineteenth or early-­twentieth century South Africa.

Awareness of trauma’s potential effects sheds light on many of the book of Lamentations’ complexities and suggests new interpretive possibilities. Growing numbers of scholars have analyzed intersections between biblical scholarship and trauma studies; and trauma-oriented readings of biblical texts yield fruitful, often provocative, insights. Because their reading strategies are not without pitfalls, including a tendency to ignore historical questions, trauma readings can be enriched by more nuanced applications, including attention to history. This study argues that social, political, cultural, and religious contexts are key for understanding how individuals and collectivities construe, respond to, work through, and create trauma. Three characteristic features of traumatic experiences make this concept useful for a critical reading of Lamentations: 1) survivors’ testimonies often convey a history that is not straightforwardly referential; 2) trauma causes rupture in life; and 3) the trauma process includes rhetorical dimensions; individuals and communities work through and construct trauma in different ways in order to reconstitute themselves and ensure their survival in the aftermath of extreme violence. Following an overview of trauma studies and its application to biblical studies, this study outlines the traumatic matrix of Lamentations. Structural analysis of the Book demonstrates and mirrors the debilitating realities of caesura in life often associated with experiences of trauma. The concept of non-referential history functions as a heuristic lens through which to view the “historical” significance of the Book’s tropic and stereotypical uses of language. Utilizing insights from study of the rhetorical dimensions of the trauma process in cultural trauma, this study asserts that Lamentations strategically adapts certain religious traditions to ensure the survival of those whose voices it echoes. Lamentations' contents and structure highlight the sheer enormity of Daughter Zion’s trauma, which overshadows and undermines acknowledgements of her culpability. Further, protest, ambiguity and ambivalent hope form the foundation for resilience and survival in the Book. One of this study’s major implications is that trauma-oriented readings of biblical literature that utilize an historically-informed, synchronic approach enable biblical scholars to pursue the interpretive possibilities of trauma studies without bracketing historical questions.

The present study sought to examine optimism and hope as predictors of suicidal behaviors (viz., suicide ideation and suicide attempt) in a sample of 179 adult primary care patients. Furthermore, we aimed to determine if the combination of hope and optimism would account for additional variance in the prediction model for suicidal behaviors among this population. In this cross-sectional study, participants completed measures of hope (viz., agency and pathways), optimism, and suicidal behaviors, as well as a series of demographics questions. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test the aforementioned hypotheses. Results indicated that hope and optimism were both significant and unique predictors of suicidal behaviors among adult primary care patients. However, the hope-by-optimism interaction terms were not found to be significant. Some implications of the present findings are discussed.