This thesis deals with operation of the Jasenie hydroelectric power plant, which supplies electricity to Železiarne Podbrezová Inc. This thesis describes actual operation, devices and equipment in all substations. The second chapter briefly describes company’s history and activities of the company. The next chapter mentions an overview of the sources of own electricity production. The fourth chapter in detail deals with actual situation of the hydroelectric power plant operation, describes devices and equipment in all substations. It also outlines what measures should be taken to increase the reliability of electricity supply. Next part deals with replacing insulators on the 22 kV line. Sixth chapter is focused on protection this line by multifunctional protection relay and data transfer from HC Jasenie to the building of power engineering. In the next step is designed a backup transformer with bus control for thermal and dynamic effects of the short-circuit current. The last chapter is focused on surge protection in HC Jasenie as well as in the area of Stary závod substation. The results and benefits of this work are summarized in the conclusion. The attachment contains schemes of substations and overall overview scheme, which are used for better understanding of this problem.

This work deals with the issue of supply restoring for heating plant Teplárny Brno, a. s. Špitálka division, after a system-wide failure of the “blackout”. The thesis solves the “black start” of the Špitálka Teplárny Brno operation by delivering a voltage from the hydroelectric power Vír I, proposes a methodology for commissioning of individual devices, up to phasing the generators with subsequent possibility of creating an “island mode” in the area of Brno city, which the work already does not deal with. The work also deals with the preparation of the operational test, while starts of the selected devices are tested. The schedule of commissioning of each device is supported by calculations of the parameters for the entire system with regard to voltage drops while connecting the high load. The result of this work is the proposal of methodological process of supply restoring for power plant Teplárny Brno – Špitálka division, by submission a voltage from the hydroelectric power Vír I, which can be used both in any system-wide failure of the “blackout”, or during the operational test.

Master thesis consists of the construction of a small hydroelectric power play model for laboratory use. The first step is to calculate parameters required for the creation of the 2D model Banki turbine. Next part is a proposal and selection of individual components of the model, such as generator, turbine housing, water circuit, pump and alternator mounting. The last step is to launch the model and verify, if the model of a small hydroelectric power plant achieves the required parameters.

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a large hydropower project currently under construction in Ethiopia. Supposedly it will benefit the people of Ethiopia through an increased access to electricity, but it is also associated with complex political relations between Ethiopia and the neighbouring countries Egypt and Sudan. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the GERD project with regard to the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals and their 169 related targets, and to show what actions should be taken to improve the contribution of the GERD to sustainable development. A method developed for mapping synergies and trade-offs between targets in the SDGs was used. To identify how the GERD contributes to and/or hinders the fulfillment of the goals, published evidence was systematically searched. 83 synergies, 45 trade-offs and 16 instances when cooperation in the Nile River basin is needed were identified. By radically increasing the electricity access in Ethiopia and because of the dam itself, the GERD both potentially contributes to and hinders sustainable development in relation to environment, society and economy. Identified key actions to reinforce the synergies and minimise the trade-offs are to establish a secure and including cooperation between Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan; to ensure increased transparency, public access to information and participatory processes; to investigate and carry out measures that benefit the ecology in the area; and to strengthen the positive outcomes of electrification through supplementary measures. / Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) är ett stort vattenkraftprojekt som är under uppbyggnad i Etiopien. Genom att radikalt öka tillgången till elektricitet förväntas GERD bidra positivt till det etiopiska samhället, men dammen är också associerad med komplicerade politiska relationer mellan Etiopien och grannländerna Egypten och Sudan. Målet med rapporten är att analysera GERD-projektet i förhållande till FN:s 17 Globala mål och dess 169 tillhörande delmål, samt att visa vilka åtgärder som bör vidtas för att GERD i större utsträckning ska bidra till en hållbar utveckling. En metod som utvecklats för att kartlägga synergier och målkonflikter mellan olika delmål av de Globala målen användes. För att undersöka hur GERD bidrar till och/eller förhindrar uppfyllandet av delmålen gjordes en systematisk sökning av publicerad litteratur. 83 synergier, 45 målkonflikter och 16 fall där dessa hänger ihop med att samarbete krävs i regionen identifierades. Genom att öka tillgången till elektricitet, och på grund av dammen i sig, potentiellt både bidrar till och förhindrar GERD hållbar utveckling i förhållande till miljö, samhälle och ekonomi. Identifierade nyckelåtgärder för att förstärka synergierna och minimera målkonflikterna är att etablera ett bestående samarbete mellan Etiopien, Egypten och Sudan; att säkerställa ökad transparens, deltagandeprocesser och allmän tillgång till information; att utreda och utföra åtgärder som är till nytta för områdets ekologi; och att förstärka de positiva resultaten av elektrifiering genom kompletterande åtgärder.

This dissertation examines how American businesses’ focus on transportation and trade came to be key agents of US imperialism at the turn of the twentieth century. Extending our understanding of the architecture and urbanism of US industry and commerce, “Empire’s Stores” turns to the design, construction, and maintenance of transnational and transimperial supply chains and the physical infrastructure that made them possible—what I call the architecture of conveyance. Divided into four chapters, the project examines the built environment created by a set of firms and related industries selected geographically: to the West, the “Big Five” sugar factors and their predecessors operating in the Hawaiian Islands; to the North, the Niagara Falls Power Company and related hydroelectric concerns located along the Niagara Frontier; to the South, the United Fruit Company’s operations, including both tourism and trade, anchored in the Port of New Orleans; and, to the East, the storage, handling, and shipment of freight at the Bush Terminal Company in Brooklyn, New York. Through these case studies I show how American corporations produced and profited from imperial formations and, in doing so, reshaped territorial, geographic, and economic borders.

Density estimates of the species and life stages in different habitat types were made from electrofishing collections and underwater fish counts. During midday, fish densities in edge pool and riffle habitats were comparable, but densities in edge pool habitat were significantly higher than densities in middle pool and run habitats. Snag and edge riffie habitats supported the highest densities of fish. Habitat use and activity shifts between daytime and nighttime were found for many species. Fish species and lifestage composition and densities differed among the habitat types, and five habitat-use guilds (edge-pool, middle-pool, edge-channel, riffie, and generalists) were described. Larger centrarchids preferred deep habitats with slow velocities (deep edge and middle pool, and snags), while young centrarchids preferred shallower habitat. However, all sizes of smallmouth bass were nearly ubiquitous in the habitats of the study area. The cyprinids and percis preferred shallow areas, but preferences for velocity differed among the species and lifestages. Spawning and habitat preferences of the endemic bigmouth chub, Nocomis platyrhynchus, were described. Bigmouth chubs used areas with plenty of small to large gravel (3-64 mm diameter), shallow depths, and moderate velocities for constructing spawning mounds. Bigmouth chubs were seen only using riffie and adjacent run habitat during late summer. Within these areas, depth, velocity, substrate, and cover were used in accordance with their availability, except for an avoidance of the shallowest available depths. Bigmouth chubs occupied positions near the substrate, where velocities were slower than the mean water column velocity. / M.S.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka samvariationen och korrelationen mellan de variabla förnybara energikällorna sol-, vind- och vattenkraft i fyra olika begränsade områden i Sverige. Studien ämnade att identifiera mönster mellan energislagen för att undersöka huruvida ett elkraftsystem enbart baserat på förnybara energikällor i Sverige är möjligt. Initialt genomfördes en litteraturstudie i syfte att ge kvalitativt underlag för det komplexa ämnet som undersöktes. Analysen och den kvantitativa delen av studien grundades på historiska klimatologiska data. Arbetet genomfördes i sin tur med hjälp av mjukvaran Matlab, där data hanterades och bearbetades. Parametrar och variabler som diskuterades och identifierades var framförallt effektspektrum, korskovarians och korrelation. Tidigare forskning tyder på att både positiv och negativ korrelation mellan olika variabla energislag förekommer beroende på vilka geografiska förutsättningar och vilket tidsspann som undersökts. Denna studie fann att negativ korrelation mellan sol- och vindkraft återkom för samtliga platser som studerades, medan sol- och vattenkraft istället korrelerade positivt. För vatten- och vindkraft var resultaten inte lika entydiga utan olika resultat erhölls beroende på tidsintervallet. / The purpose of the study was to examine the co-variation and correlation among the variable renewable energy sources solar, wind and hydropower in four different confined regions in Sweden. The study aimed to identify patterns among the energy sources to investigate whether a power system based on renewable energy sources in Sweden is achievable. Initially, a literature review was conducted to provide qualitative background for the complex subject investigated. The analysis and quantitative aspect of the report were based on historical climatological data. The work was carried out using Matlab software, where data was handled and processed. Parameters and variables discussed and identified primarily included power spectrum, cross-covariance, and correlation. Previous research suggests both positive and negative correlations among different variable energy sources occur depending on the geographic conditions and time span studied. This study found that negative correlation between solar and wind power recurred for all sites examined, while solar and hydropower instead showed a positive correlation. For hydropower and wind power, the results were not as consistent, with different outcomes depending on the time interval analyzed.

Por el distrito de Manuel Antonio Mesones Muro de la provincia de Ferreñafe, en la región Lambayeque, transita el Canal Taymi, considerada la obra de irrigación más importante de la costa norte del Perú, en la actualidad ha sido canalizado en su totalidad. En el referido distrito se encuentra ubicado el “Parque de las Aguas”, el único de la región. El elevado costo y los escasos ingresos del municipio no permiten un funcionamiento continuo de este atractivo el cual en los últimos tiempos se ha visto reducido su funcionamiento a los fines de semana y en la actualidad a una vez al mes. La presente investigación plantea el diseño de la rueda hidráulica de Poncelet de corriente libre para aprovechar el caudal del Canal Taymi y transformarla en energía mecánica, y poder transmitirla esta hacia el generador y así convertirla en energía eléctrica. Para posteriormente alimentar a los equipos que ponen en funcionamiento el “Parque de las Aguas”. Mediante los datos obtenidos se pudo determinar que la potencia máxima obtenida por el sistema fue de 158,9 kW y la mínima es de 2,701 kW. Para el diseño de este proyecto se utilizará la herramienta SolidWorks, herramienta de software que se adapta al diseño de partes mecánicas, además de Microsoft Excel para el desarrollo de gráficas y fórmulas. / The Taymi Canal passes through the district of Manuel Antonio Mesones Muro in the province of Ferreñafe, in the Lambayeque region, considered the most important irrigation work on the northern coast of Peru. It has currently been completely channeled. The “Parque de las Aguas” is located in the aforementioned district, the only one in the region. The high cost and the low income of the municipality do not allow continuous operation of this attraction, which in recent times has been reduced to operating on weekends and currently to once a month. The present research proposes the design of the free-current Poncelet hydraulic wheel to take advantage of the flow of the Taymi Canal and transform it into mechanical energy, and be able to transmit it to the generator and thus convert it into electrical energy. To later feed the teams that put the “Water Park” into operation. Using the data obtained, it was possible to determine that the maximum power obtained by the system was 158.9 kW and the minimum is 2,701 kW. For the design of this project, the SolidWorks tool will be used, a software tool that adapts to the design of mechanical parts, in addition to Microsoft Excel for the development of graphs and formulas.

CAPES: Fundação Araucária / A tese tem como objetivo principal analisar como as populações atingidas pela implantação de hidrelétricas no Brasil têm se articulado e organizado nas trajetórias sociotécnicas que conduzem à concretização desses projetos. Para tanto, se estudarão as trajetórias de implantação de três casos, que conformam o período de 1974 a 2016: Itaipu, construída no rio Paraná, na fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai; Baixo Iguaçu, no rio Iguaçu, no estado do Paraná; e o complexo de Garabi e Panambi, projetado para o rio Uruguai, em trecho de fronteira entre Brasil e Argentina. A análise dos casos selecionados ocorreu a partir de ferramentas teórico-conceituais do campo de estudos em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) – em especial da Sociologia da Tecnologia. A metodologia de trabalho é qualitativa e contou com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de documentação produzida através de observações em pesquisa de campo e entrevistas orientadas pela metodologia da história oral de vida. Parte-se, portanto, de uma abordagem sociotécnica para a observação das dinâmicas de interação entre movimentos sociais, instituições políticas, empresas estatais e privadas e tecnologias. Por meio de uma análise descritiva e também voltada a compreender causalidades e explorar relações explicativas, buscou-se a identificação de padrões de interação entre as trajetórias sociotécnicas que constituem os casos analisados. Observou-se que na implantação da usina de Itaipu, caso que apresenta a primeira experiência de resistência organizada a esse tipo de projeto, os agricultores se organizaram a partir de espaços de troca de informação; incluíram solidariamente em suas reivindicações as demandas de todos os tipos de ocupações de terra, combatendo a estratégia patrimonialista e desagregadora da empresa e; colocaram suas demandas em pauta a partir de práticas como ocupações e acampamentos. Nos processos constituídos nas primeiras fases das trajetórias de Baixo Iguaçu, Garabi e Panambi, os movimentos de resistência conquistaram a suspensão dos projetos articulando experiências anteriores de organização política; o estabelecimento de alianças com setores da comunidade regional; a realização de práticas de resistência antes da fase de projeto básico; o desenvolvimento de práticas de resistência que impediam os trabalhos dos técnicos; e a pressão sobre o ator responsável pelos projetos, à época, a Eletrosul. Nas fases recentes das trajetórias, as conquistas se relacionam a práticas de resistência anteriores à fase de projeto básico, bem como à articulação dos componentes ambientais dos projetos. Concluiu-se, portanto, que ao longo das trajetórias houve o fortalecimento dos movimentos sociais, com acúmulo e transmissão de experiências, mas que dadas às características de estruturação do processo de implantação de hidrelétricas atuais, que não reservam momentos de participação para a sociedade nem garantias institucionais aos atingidos, a experiência de luta precisa ser retomada e atualizada a cada processo de implantação de hidrelétrica. / The main objective of this thesis is to analyze how populations affected by implantation of hydroelectrics in Brazil have articulated and organized throughout the socio-technical trajectories which led to the implementation of such projects. To that end, the implantation trajectories of three cases will be studied, which correspond to the period from 1974 to 2016: Itaipu, built into the Paraná river, on the Brazil – Paraguay borders; Baixo Iguaçu, on the Iguaçu river at Paraná state; and the Garabi and Panambi complex, projected for the Uruguai river, on a section of the border between Brazil and Argentina. The analysis of the selected cases occurred by using theoretical-conceptual tools from the field studies of Science, Technology and Society (STS) - particularly of Sociology of Technology. The methodology is qualitative and used bibliographical and documental research, as well as documents produced by observation on field research and interviews oriented by oral history methodology. Therefore, it results from a socio-technical approach to the observation of interaction dynamics between social movements, political institutions, state and private companies and technologies. The identification of patterns of interaction in socio-technical trajectories which constitute the analyzed cases are searched through a descriptive and also targeted analysis focused on understanding causalities and exploring explanatory relations. It was observed that on the implantation of Itaipu, a case which represents the first experience of organized resistance to this kind of project, farmers organized themselves through information exchange spaces; in solidarity, they included in their claims the demands of all kind of land occupation movements, fighting the patrimonial and disaggregating strategy of the company; they put their demands on the agenda by using practices such as occupations and encampments. In the processes constituted in the early stages of Baixo Iguaçu, Garabi and Panambi trajectories, the resistance movements conquered the suspension of projects by articulating previous experiences of political organization; the establishment of alliances with regional community; the conduction of resistance practices before the basic design phase; the development of resistance practices which prevented the technicians work; and the pressure over the actor responsible for the projects, Eletrosul at the time. On the recent trajectories phases, achievements are related to resistance practices previous to the basic project phase, as well as articulation on environmental components of projects. It was concluded, therefore, that the strengthening of social movements happened along the trajectories, with experience accumulation and transmission, but given the structuring characteristics of the current hydroelectric deployment process, which do not reserve moments to the participation of the society, nor provides institutional guarantees to those affected, the struggle experience must be resumed at each hydroelectric deployment process.

CAPES: Fundação Araucária / A tese tem como objetivo principal analisar como as populações atingidas pela implantação de hidrelétricas no Brasil têm se articulado e organizado nas trajetórias sociotécnicas que conduzem à concretização desses projetos. Para tanto, se estudarão as trajetórias de implantação de três casos, que conformam o período de 1974 a 2016: Itaipu, construída no rio Paraná, na fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai; Baixo Iguaçu, no rio Iguaçu, no estado do Paraná; e o complexo de Garabi e Panambi, projetado para o rio Uruguai, em trecho de fronteira entre Brasil e Argentina. A análise dos casos selecionados ocorreu a partir de ferramentas teórico-conceituais do campo de estudos em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) – em especial da Sociologia da Tecnologia. A metodologia de trabalho é qualitativa e contou com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de documentação produzida através de observações em pesquisa de campo e entrevistas orientadas pela metodologia da história oral de vida. Parte-se, portanto, de uma abordagem sociotécnica para a observação das dinâmicas de interação entre movimentos sociais, instituições políticas, empresas estatais e privadas e tecnologias. Por meio de uma análise descritiva e também voltada a compreender causalidades e explorar relações explicativas, buscou-se a identificação de padrões de interação entre as trajetórias sociotécnicas que constituem os casos analisados. Observou-se que na implantação da usina de Itaipu, caso que apresenta a primeira experiência de resistência organizada a esse tipo de projeto, os agricultores se organizaram a partir de espaços de troca de informação; incluíram solidariamente em suas reivindicações as demandas de todos os tipos de ocupações de terra, combatendo a estratégia patrimonialista e desagregadora da empresa e; colocaram suas demandas em pauta a partir de práticas como ocupações e acampamentos. Nos processos constituídos nas primeiras fases das trajetórias de Baixo Iguaçu, Garabi e Panambi, os movimentos de resistência conquistaram a suspensão dos projetos articulando experiências anteriores de organização política; o estabelecimento de alianças com setores da comunidade regional; a realização de práticas de resistência antes da fase de projeto básico; o desenvolvimento de práticas de resistência que impediam os trabalhos dos técnicos; e a pressão sobre o ator responsável pelos projetos, à época, a Eletrosul. Nas fases recentes das trajetórias, as conquistas se relacionam a práticas de resistência anteriores à fase de projeto básico, bem como à articulação dos componentes ambientais dos projetos. Concluiu-se, portanto, que ao longo das trajetórias houve o fortalecimento dos movimentos sociais, com acúmulo e transmissão de experiências, mas que dadas às características de estruturação do processo de implantação de hidrelétricas atuais, que não reservam momentos de participação para a sociedade nem garantias institucionais aos atingidos, a experiência de luta precisa ser retomada e atualizada a cada processo de implantação de hidrelétrica. / The main objective of this thesis is to analyze how populations affected by implantation of hydroelectrics in Brazil have articulated and organized throughout the socio-technical trajectories which led to the implementation of such projects. To that end, the implantation trajectories of three cases will be studied, which correspond to the period from 1974 to 2016: Itaipu, built into the Paraná river, on the Brazil – Paraguay borders; Baixo Iguaçu, on the Iguaçu river at Paraná state; and the Garabi and Panambi complex, projected for the Uruguai river, on a section of the border between Brazil and Argentina. The analysis of the selected cases occurred by using theoretical-conceptual tools from the field studies of Science, Technology and Society (STS) - particularly of Sociology of Technology. The methodology is qualitative and used bibliographical and documental research, as well as documents produced by observation on field research and interviews oriented by oral history methodology. Therefore, it results from a socio-technical approach to the observation of interaction dynamics between social movements, political institutions, state and private companies and technologies. The identification of patterns of interaction in socio-technical trajectories which constitute the analyzed cases are searched through a descriptive and also targeted analysis focused on understanding causalities and exploring explanatory relations. It was observed that on the implantation of Itaipu, a case which represents the first experience of organized resistance to this kind of project, farmers organized themselves through information exchange spaces; in solidarity, they included in their claims the demands of all kind of land occupation movements, fighting the patrimonial and disaggregating strategy of the company; they put their demands on the agenda by using practices such as occupations and encampments. In the processes constituted in the early stages of Baixo Iguaçu, Garabi and Panambi trajectories, the resistance movements conquered the suspension of projects by articulating previous experiences of political organization; the establishment of alliances with regional community; the conduction of resistance practices before the basic design phase; the development of resistance practices which prevented the technicians work; and the pressure over the actor responsible for the projects, Eletrosul at the time. On the recent trajectories phases, achievements are related to resistance practices previous to the basic project phase, as well as articulation on environmental components of projects. It was concluded, therefore, that the strengthening of social movements happened along the trajectories, with experience accumulation and transmission, but given the structuring characteristics of the current hydroelectric deployment process, which do not reserve moments to the participation of the society, nor provides institutional guarantees to those affected, the struggle experience must be resumed at each hydroelectric deployment process.