The focus of this thesis is the life of the family of the Austrian state chancelor Clemens Metternich as evidenced in letters addressed to him by his son Viktor. The thesis also provides an overview of the life of the family of Franz Georg Metternich, father of Klemens Metternich, and a comparison of the two families. An outline of the lineage is included as well. The centerpoint of the work is a thorough analysis of the aforementioned correspondence and a subsequent assembly of Viktor Metternich's biography and portfolio. This man proves to be an interesting historical figure, despite having been so far mostly overlooked in scientific works.

L’objectif de la thèse est d’étudier Louis Laloy (1874-1944), ses activités et son influence sur les compositeurs français inspirés par la civilisation chinoise entre 1900 et 1940. Musicologue, librettiste et compositeur, Louis Laloy fut à la fois grand promoteur de la musique de Claude Debussy, critique musical prolifique, secrétaire général de l’Opéra de Paris et professeur d’esthétique chinoise à l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises et d’histoire de la musique au Conservatoire de musique de Paris. Il est cependant peu connu du grand public, malgré ses participations actives et diverses au milieu musical et artistique. En outre, en lisant son Miroir de la Chine, nous apprenons qu’il a entretenu des relations avec des personnalités chinoises et a participé aux événements significatifs et à la fois inédits dans l’histoire des relations culturelles franco-chinoises. Fort de ces premiers éléments, notre travail se propose d’aborder trois aspects : la personnalité de Louis Laloy, les relations franco-chinoises à travers les engagements de Louis Laloy et l’analyse des écrits sur la musique chinoise ainsi que des œuvres musicales d’inspiration chinoise entre 1900 et 1940. La problématique de notre sujet est d’éclaircir le rapprochement entre la théorie musicale et la production musicale, c’est-à-dire, de donner un sens aux liens entre les écrits et les processus créatifs compositionnels. Par ailleurs, l’analyse des fondements théoriques et de l’esthétique chinoise permettra d’engager une réflexion plus générale sur les stratégies du langage musical dans les œuvres dites « à la chinoise », produits d’une délicate alchimie opérée entre techniques occidentales et conceptions artistiques chinoises. / The main objective of this thesis is to study Louis Laloy (1874-1944), his activities and his influence on French composers who were inspired by the Chinese civilization between 1900 and 1940. Musicologist, librettist and composer, Louis Laloy was a great promoter of Claude Debussy’s music, a prolific critic, the Secretary-general of the Opera de Paris, the professor of Chinese aesthetics at the Institute of Advanced Chinese Studies and the professor of the history of music at the Paris Conservatory. He is, however, little known to the general public despite of his active and diverse participations in the musical and artistic environment. In addition, by reading his writing “Mirror of China”, we learn that he has maintained relations with Chinese personages and has participated in novel and significant events in the history of cultural relations French-Chinese. By virtue of these interesting elements, our work proposes to address three aspects: the personality of Louis Laloy, the cultural relationship between the France and China through the Louis Laloy’s commitments, and the analysis of the writings on Chinese music and of the compositions filled with Chinese inspiration between 1900 and 1940. Our topic is to clarify the rapprochement between the musical theory and the musical production, i.e. to suggest the links between writings and creative processes. Furthermore, the analysis of the theories and Chinese aesthetics will allow engaging a broader reflection on the strategies of musical language in the works so-called "in Chinese", which are the delicate alchemies produced by the Western techniques and Chinese artistic conception.

Second and one-and-half generation of the Vietnamese migrants is a very specific part of the Vietnamese in the Czech Republic. There are several differences between the second and the first generation, i.e. between young Vietnamese and their parents. However, they are similar in many ways. The aim of this master thesis is to discuss the situation of the second and the one-and-half generation of the Vietnamese migrants in the Czech Republic and to show some of the differences between the young generation and the generation of their parents. This work also tries to check some of the well-known claims about the young Vietnamese in the Czech Republic. The work consists of two main parts. The first part is theoretical and it is based on the literature and other scientific resources. It deals with the history of Vietnamese coming to the Czech Republic. It explains how the second generation finds itself in the Czech Republic. There were several waves of the migration and each of them is different in many ways. The work also includes the chapter about the influence on the Confucianism on the Vietnamese education. The influence of the Confucianism on the Vietnamese society can be seen until these days. The education of the Vietnamese children at Czech schools is also mentioned. School is a very important...

This thesis examines the topic of representation of totalitarianism in videogames. It aims to show how the totalitarianism is depicted in selected games and whether the videogame as a medium has some influence on this depiction. Theoretical part introduces and examines all sorts of different approaches, based on which one can study videogame as a medium. An argument about the videogames as a medium of control is presented further on and is also discussed in relation with totalitarianism. Second half of theoretical chapter focuses on definition of totalitarianism which is used in the case studies later on. Empirical part analyzes four games - Half-life 2, Papers, please, Wolfenstein: the New Order and BioShock with focus on representation of totality or dystopia. The games are analyzed both with regards to their rules and fiction. The conclusion shows that totalitarianism was represented mostly by its outer activities rather than ideology which were usually represented rather marginally. However, in all cases there could be found some examples of how was the representation of totalitarianism used to merge with system of control in games.

In this dissertation, I report new information that is necessary for future mating system studies in a little studied species, the marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum). I studied female mating behavior, sexual selection, and the consequences of polyandry for individual females and salamander populations. I also compared the performance of several statistical approaches for analyzing genetic mating system data. The first chapter summarizes the characteristics of several novel microsatellite DNA loci as well as cross-amplified loci for marbled salamanders and mole salamanders that may be used for future studies. In the second chapter, I report estimates of sire number for 13 marbled salamander clutches based on microsatellite data from 32 hatchlings per clutch. Females mated with as many as three different males as indicated by conservative techniques. Less than half of females mated with multiple males. Based on comparative analyses, I recommend the parental reconstruction approach with the computer program GERUD for assessing multiple paternity. The third chapter describes an experiment designed to study sexual selection. As expected, in breeding mesocosms, the potential for sexual selection was much higher for males than for females. Size was unrelated to variance in male reproductive fitness. Only opportunity for selection and Morisita’s index conformed to theoretical expectations of the relationship between operational sex ratio and the potential for sexual selection among males. Because opportunity for selection has intuitive links to formal sexual selection theory, I recommend its continued use. In the fourth chapter, I compared polyandrous and monandrous females to explore the potential fitness consequences of multimale mating. No fitness measure at the egg or hatchling stage (clutch size, hatching success, hatchling size, etc.) differed between the two types of clutches. Size of metamorphs was not different, but polyandrous clutches had significantly higher survival to metamorphosis. In the fifth chapter, I analyzed effects of increased polyandry and male availability on genetic diversity, effective population size (Ne), and fitness of experimental populations. Although no analyses were significant, some effects were moderate to high in size. Ne was higher when estimated from hatchlings than with metamorphs.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Results of a highly vectorized and multitasked model of the world ocean circulation were analyzed. This model which uses realistic physics, geometry, and forcing on a high-resolution grid, was run on the NCAR Cray X-MP/48 using a robust-diagnostic strategy. Twenty years of model integration using one-half degree horizontal resolution and 20 levels of vertical resolution were accomplished after 200 wall-clock hours at a maximum FORTRAN performance speed of 450 megaflops. Seven key regions of the world ocean were analyzed using an ocean model processor. A representation of the global ocean circulation emerged that compared well with observations and that included strong advective features, fronts, and subtropical meanders. A diagnostic analysis program was developed to analyze meridional heat and volume transports. The results in all basins appear to be reasonable when compared to the results of other studies. For example, an anomalous northward heat transport of 3.8 x 10 to the 14th power W at 30 deg in the South Atlantic compares favorably with the estimate of 4.2 x 10 to the 14th power W at 32 deg S by Bennett (1978) using hydrographic data. The results of simulations conducted in this study can be compared and contrasted against the results of future eddy-resolving simulations. Keywords: Digital simulation, Advection, Heat transport, Meridional volume transport, Oceanographic fronts, Meanders, Thermoclines, Finite difference analysis. Theses. (EDC) / http://archive.org/details/analysisofresult00bart / Lieutenant Commander, United States Naval Reserve

O exercício físico intenso está associado à mudanças na quantidade, na função e na morte de neutrófilos. Tem sido proposto que a suplementação com óleo de peixe minimiza os efeitos imunossupressivos do exercício físico e que a fosfatidilcolina também poderia exercer importantes efeitos sobre a função de leucócitos. O objetivo do estudo foi o de investigar os efeitos da meia maratona e da suplementação com lecitina de soja ou óleos de peixe ricos em EPA ou DHA na apoptose de neutrófilos de atletas amadores. Quarenta e seis atletas amadores, foram avaliados antes e após duas competições de meia maratona. Na primeira meia maratona, os atletas não foram suplementados. As coletas de sangue dos atletas foram realizadas nas seguintes condições: Em repouso e imediatamente após a competição. No primeiro dia, após a primeira meia maratona, iniciou-se a suplementação. Os indivíduos foram suplementados diariamente com 3g de óleo de peixe ou lecitina de soja, por 60 dias, e divididos em 3 grupos: 1) Lecitina, 2) DHA e 3) EPA. Os atletas foram reavaliados 8 semanas após o início da suplementação. Já na segunda meia maratona, com todos os atletas suplementados, as coletas de sangue foram realizadas nas mesmas condições da primeira corrida. Neste estudo avaliamos os receptores da apoptose de neutrófilos (Fas e TRAIL), as moléculas de adesão (L-selectina e ICAM-1), a fragmentação de DNA e a externalização de fosfatidilserina. Além disso, foi avaliada a concentração plasmática das citocinas TNF-alfa, IL-8, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 e IL-1beta. As enzimas creatina quinase e lactato desidrogenase, a concentração de mioglobina, proteína C reativa e o número de leucócitos e neutrófilos também foi determinada. A meia maratona aumentou a atividade das enzimas CK e LDH e a concentração de mioglobina em todos os grupos estudados, sendo que a suplementação não apresentou nenhum efeito sobre estes parâmetros. Já o número de neutrófilos e leucócitos, aumentaram após a meia maratona em todos os grupos, e a suplementação provocou este aumento somente nos grupos EPA e Lecitina. Em neutrófilos de atletas, a meia maratona diminuiu a expressão dos receptores Fas e TRAIL e das móleculas de adesão ICAM-1 e L-selectina em todos os grupos, por outro lado, aumentou a fragmentação de DNA (somente no grupo DHA) e a externalização de FS (DHA, EPA e Lectina). A meia maratona também elevou a concentração das citocinas IL-8, IL-6 e IL-10 em todos os grupos. Já a suplementação (DHA, EPA ou lecitina de soja) diminuiu a fragmentação de DNA e a expressão do receptor Fas em neutrófilos. Além disso, aumentou a expressão de TRAIL, ICAM-1, L-selectina e a externalização de fosfatidilserina. Em relação a concentração plasmática de citocinas a suplementação reduziu a concentração de TNF-alfa e aumentou a de IL-10 em todos os grupos. Enquanto que, a concentração de IL-4 aumentou somente nos grupos DHA e EPA. Concluímos que a suplementação com lecitina de soja apresenta efeitos semelhantes aos dos óleos de peixe ricos em EPA ou DHA sobre a função de leucócitos em atletas amadores. / Intense physical exercise is associated with changes in the number, function and death of neutrophils. It has been proposed that supplementation with fish oil rich minimizes the immunosuppressive effects induced by intense physical exercise and phosphatidylcholine could also have significant effects on leukocytes function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a half-marathon and fish oil suplemmentation rich in EPA or DHA or soy lecithin suplemmentation on neutrophils apoptosis of amateur athletes. Forty-six recreational athletes were evaluated before and after two half marathons. In the first competition the athletes did not receive supplementation. Blood samples were collected in the following conditions: In rest and immediately after competition. On the first day, after the first half-marathon, supplementation began. The subjects were supplemented with 3 g of fish oil or soy lecithin daily for 60 days and divided into 3 groups: 1) Lecithin 2) DHA 3) EPA. The athletes were assessed 8 weeks after the start of supplementation. In the second half-marathon, with all the supplemented athletes, blood samples were collected under the same conditions of the first competition. In this study were evaluated the receptors of neutrophils apoptosis (Fas and TRAIL), adhesion molecules (L-selectin and ICAM-1), DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine externalization. Moreover, the plasma concentration of TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-1beta cytokines was evaluated. The enzymatic activity of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, plasma concentration of myoglobin, and C-reactive protein and blood counts was also determined. The half-marathon increased the enzymatic activity of CK and LDH and the myoglobin concentration in all groups studied, and the supplementation had no effect on these parameters. The number of neutrophils and leucocytes increased in all groups after half marathon, and the supplementation caused this increase only in the EPA and Lecithin groups. In athletes neutrophils, the half-marathon decreased the expression of Fas and TRAIL receptors and of ICAM-1 and L-selectin adhesion molecules. On the other hand, it increased DNA fragmentation (only in the DHA group) and phosphatidylserine externalization (DHA, EPA and Lecithin groups). The half-marathon also increased concentrations of IL-8, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines in all groups. The Supplementation (DHA or EPA or soy lecithin) decreased DNA fragmentation and Fas receptor expression in neutrophils. Moreover, increased expression of TRAIL, ICAM-1, L-selectin and phosphatidylserine externalization. In relation to cytokines plasma concentration the supplementation decreased TNF-alfa and increased the concentration of IL-10 in all groups. Whereas, IL-4 concentration increased only DHA and EPA groups. In conclusion, supplementation with soy lecithin has similar effects to the fish oils rich in EPA or DHA on leukocyte function amateur athletes.

Ortho-Fluorazobenzole stellen eine der interessantesten Familien von Azobenzolen dar, die mit sichtbarem Licht geschaltet werden können. Seit ihrer ersten Erwähnung durch unsere Gruppe im Jahr 2012 wurden sie aufgrund ihrer hervorragenden photo/elektrochemischen Eigenschaften intensiv auf molekularer Ebene, für biologische Anwendungen und in Volumenmaterialien untersucht. Typischerweise können ortho-fluorierte Azobenzole in beide Richtungen mit sichtbarem Licht und hohem Photoumsatz geschaltet werden. Außerdem weisen die Z-Isomere überlegene thermische Halbwertszeiten (bis zu 2 Jahre) auf. In dieser Arbeit werden zwei Projekte vorgestellt, die auf unseren kürzlich erworbenen Kenntnissen über fluorierte Azobenzole basieren. Zunächst wurde ein gemischtes Azobenzoldimer dargestellt, welches komplementäre Absorptionsprofile sowie die leichte elektrochemische Isomerisierung ausnutzt und dadurch dessen vier Schaltzustände orthogonal adressiert werden können. Dieses wurde bezüglich seiner Photoisomerisierung, thermischen Relaxation und seines elektrochemischen Schaltverhaltens untersucht. Anschließend haben wir ein 3D-Polymernetzwerk durch kovalente Vernetzung einer polyethylenglykol(PEG)-basierten Vorstufe mit einem fluorierten Azobenzol hergestellt, was zur Bildung eines photoempfindlichen Hydrogels führte. Als Folge davon konnten die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Gels durch Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht und der dadurch ausgelösten Azobenzol-Isomerisierung reversibel beeinflusst werden. / Ortho-fluoroazobenzenes represent one of the most interesting family of visible-light-responsive azobenzenes. Since the first report by our group in 2012, they have been intensively studied at the molecular level, for biological applications, and in bulk materials, due to their outstanding photo/electrochemical properties. Typically, ortho-fluorinated azobenzenes can isomerize in both directions using visible light with high photo-conversions, and the Z-isomers exhibit superior thermal half-lives (up to 2 years). In this work, two projects based on our recently acquired knowledge of fluorinated azobenzenes are presented. First, exploiting complementary absorption profiles and ease of electrochemical isomerization, a mixed azobenzene dimer, whose four isomers can be orthogonally addressed was prepared. It was investigated from its photo-isomerization, thermal relaxation, and electrochemical isomerization aspects. Second, we prepared a photo-responsive hydrogel via covalently cross-linking a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based precursor with a fluorinated azobenzene forming a 3D polymer network. As a result, the gel’s mechanical properties could be tuned reversibly due to the azobenzenes’ isomerization triggered by visible light irradiation.

Diante das perspectivas cada vez maiores de extrair da natureza matéria prima necessária ao desenvolvimento das localidades, têm se verificado que as reservas florestais, assim como tantos outros ecossistemas, têm sofrido constantes interferências, provocando a sua degradação. Diante desse fato, esse estudo procurou diagnosticar os motivos e as formas que levam as populações localizadas no entorno de matas nativas a utilizarem inadequadamente os recursos produzidos por elas, especificamente aquelas do Bairro Engenho de Serra, localizado às margens da mata do campus da Escola Agrotécnica Federal de São Evangelista-MG. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo central à análise dos impactos sociais das populações em relação à interferência do homem no entorno da mata nativa, visando abordar o papel da Educação Ambiental na conservação da natureza. Para tanto, procurou-se construir uma discussão sobre a temática ambiental dentro das Ciências Sociais em relação sociedade/natureza sob a ótica dos fenômenos socioculturais. Dessa forma, considerou-se a necessidade de se efetivar um processo de sensibilização, envolvimento e conscientização dos atores sociais, optando pela utilização do método PROPACC, um método de capacitação de recursos humanos para a Educação Ambiental fundamentado numa concepção construtivista da aprendizagem, que considera o conhecimento prévio dos atores e suas experiências. Esse método proporcionou a construção do perfil desta população, mostrando uma estrutura com características próprias e autônomas. Após a aplicação do método, constatou-se que no caso específico do Bairro Engenho de Serra na cidade de São João Evangelista, MG, a população expressa uma carência no que se refere aos aspectos socioeconômicos não sendo a falta de formação educacional, a causa da retirada de recursos naturais da mata, como se imaginava no início desse estudo, visto que os moradores apresentaram um nível de escolaridade acima do esperado. Em relação à falta de informação sobre os impactos da não conservação do ambiente, pôde-se perceber que após orientações sobre a importância de se preservar a mata nativa e o ambiente ao seu entorno, houve um despertar dessas pessoas em relação aos seus deveres diante dos problemas ambientais do bairro e do município, reforçando a necessidade de se fazer da Educação Ambiental um instrumento de promoção da cidadania para a preservação dos recursos naturais e do desenvolvimento econômico com sustentabilidade no município. Sob essa perspectiva aferiu-se que o caminho está na educação das novas gerações tendo como princípio básico o que mais se compatibiliza com a realidade da localidade, instituição ou município.

Medidas de espectroscopia gama de alta resolução têm diversas aplicações. Aplicações envolvendo medidas de radioisótopos de meia-vida curta podem apresentar problemas de baixa precisão nas contagens quando a fonte radioativa está distante do detector e de perda de acurácia por efeitos de tempo morto e empilhamento de pulsos em situação de altas taxas de contagens. Um modo de minimizar esses problemas é alterando a posição da fonte radioativa durante o processo de medição, aproximando-a do detector conforme sua atividade diminui e assim maximizando o número de contagens medidas. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido o Movimentador de Amostras Radioativas Automatizado (MARA), um aparato de baixo custo, feito com materiais de baixo número atômico e leve, projetado e construído para auxiliar nas medidas de espectroscopia gama, capaz de controlar a distância entre a fonte e o detector, permitindo inclusive que ocorra alteração dessa distância durante o processo de medição. Por ser automatizado ele otimiza o tempo do operador, que tem total liberdade para criar suas rotinas de medidas no dispositivo, além de evitar que o mesmo tome uma parcela da dose radioativa. Foi também feita uma interface que permite controle do MARA e a programação do sistema de aquisição de dados. Foram realizados testes para otimização da operação do sistema MARA e foi verificada a segurança de operação do MARA, não apresentando nenhuma falha durante seus testes. Foi aplicado o teste de repetitividade, por meio de medições com uma fonte calibrada de 60Co, e verificou-se que o sistema de movimentação de prateleiras automatizado reproduziu os resultados do sistema estático com confiabilidade de 95%. / High resolution gamma spectroscopy measurements have several applications. Those involving short half-life radioisotope measurements may present low precision problems when the radioactive source is far from detector end cup and in the very high activity situations also can present accuracy loss due to dead time and pile-up effects. A way to overcome these problems is changing the source detector distance as the activity is decreasing, and thereby maximizing the statistical counting. In the present study, the Controller of Acquisition and Sample Positioner for Activation (CASPA) was developed. It is a low cost and weight device, made with low atomic number materials designed to assist gamma spectroscopy measurements, which is able to control the distance between the source and the detector, even allowing that there is a change of this distance during the measurement process. Because it is automated it optimizes the time of the operator, who has complete freedom to program their routine measurements in the device besides minimizing the radiation dose in the operator. An interface that allow the user control the CASPA system and to program the acquisition system was created. Tests aiming to optimize the operation of CASPA system were carried out and the safety of the CASPA operation was verified, it was not presented any failure during their tests. It was applied the repeatability tests by the acquisition 60Co standard source and was found that the positioning of automated system has reproduced the results of static system with a 95% of confidence level .