A camada semi-redutora (CSR), definida como a espessura de um material absorvedor que colocado sob um feixe de raios-X reduz sua intensidade à metade, é um parâmetro que deve ser avaliado periodicamente nos programas de garantia de qualidade em radiologia médica, pois fornece informações a respeito do desempenho do feixe radiográfico produzido pelo aparelho. Todavia, sua medida é normalmente feita na região central do campo de exposição e não considera a variação da qualidade relativa do feixe ao longo de toda a sua extensão, causada essencialmente pelo efeito heel. Em vista disso, o presente trabalho propõe um algoritmo de simulação computacional para determinar a CSR de aparelhos radiográficos em qualquer posição no campo através de uma única medida na região central, para permitir uma avaliação mais completa da variação da qualidade do feixe em função do posicionamento do objeto no plano imagem. Além disso, a partir dos resultados obtidos, também é proposto um procedimento computacional capaz de determinar filtros de características específicas para compensar essas variações na qualidade da imagem causadas pelo efeito heel e também por variações na espessura do objeto radiografado. Os resultados obtidos com os programas de simulação desenvolvidos mostraram-se coerentes com os obtidos em testes práticos realizados com aparelhos radiográficos hospitalares, comprovando a validade dos algoritmos propostos. / The half-value layer (HVL) is defined as the thickness of an absorbing material which placed under an X-Ray beam reduces its intensity to half. It is a parameter that should be periodically evaluated in medical radiology quality control programs because it gives information related to the radiographic system beam performance. However, its measurement is done normally at the center of the radiation field, not taking into account the beam relative quality variation along the field, caused essentially by the heel effect. Bearing that in mind, the present work proposes a computer simulation algorithm to determine the radiographic systems HVL at any location on the field based on a single measurement at the central area, to allow a more complete evaluation of the beam quality variation due to the object location on the image plane. Furthermore, from these results, another computer simulation procedure is proposed to determine particular filter characteristics to compensate these image quality variations caused by the heel effect and also by the X-rayed object thickness variation. The results obtained from the simulation programs are consistent with the experimental results performed in medical radiographic systems, confirming therefore the validity of the proposed algorithms.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:14:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Jose Romano Silva.pdf: 12974959 bytes, checksum: 96720ab2dad466591f2e310e48ebfaf3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-08 / This research s object of study is the form of expression known as graffiti in the city of Sao Paulo. It will focus on its variations that suggest an instability that reveals itself as the graffiti as a wall art or graffiti as a wall tagging. The general goal is to show the characteristics of the graffiti, present on its constitutive elements and on its constructive techniques. The research problem relates to the inseparability between graffiti and tagging and the consequent marginalization of this latest productive form. In theoretical reasoning, we recurred to Morin, Lotman, Martín-Barbero, Pinheiro, La Plantine, as well as the testimony of renowned graffiti artist Rui Amaral, who treats specifically about the theme and about its cultural elements that are present in this form of artistic expression. The hypothesis is that the process of consolidation of the graffiti art gives an ambivalent, half-breed meaning as it presents itself sometimes in open air, on Sao Paulo s big cities, sometimes in art galleries when, possibly, loses its strongest character, the one of contestation, transgression and insubordination, features very present on the first records of its emergence in movements such as Woodstock. This justifies the research, for it answers to the need of creating academic space of discussion as a possibility to disrupt preconceptions, informing the reader about the object s history, its techniques and specificities that would be, on its own, valuable as a mark of a period in our history expressed as an anonymous form / Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a forma de expressão conhecida como grafitti na cidade de São Paulo. Atenta, enfocará as suas variações que sugerem instabilidade que se revela grafite como arte mural ou como pichação. O objetivo geral é mostrar as características do grafite, presente nos seus elementos constitutivos e em suas técnicas construtivas. O problema da pesquisa relaciona-se à inseparabilidade entre grafite e pichação e à consequente marginalização desta forma produtiva. Na fundamentação teórica, recorremos a Morin, Lotman, Martín-Barbero, Pinheiro, La Plantine, bem como ao depoimento do renomado grafiteiro Rui Amaral, que trata especificamente sobre a temática e sobre os elementos culturais presentes nesta forma de expressão artística. A hipótese é que o processo de consolidação do grafite lhe confere um sentido ambivalente e mestiço à medida que apresenta-se ora a céu aberto, nas ruas de metrópole paulista, ora em galerias de arte quando, possivelmente, perde seu caráter mais forte, o de contestação, transgressão e insubmissão, marcas estas presentes nos primeiros registros de seu surgimento em movimentos como o de Woodstock. Justifica-se a pesquisa, pois responde à necessidade de criar espaço acadêmico de discussão como uma possibilidade para romper com preconceitos, informando o leitor sobre a história do objeto, suas técnicas e especificidades que seriam, por si, valorosas como marca de um período de nossa história expressas de forma anônima

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar o Sistema Penitenciário do Estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir do regime semi-aberto, tendo como campo de análise o Instituto Penal Oscar Stevenson, situado em Benfica, no município do Rio de Janeiro, voltado para um público carcerário feminino. Buscou-se verificar, sob o enfoque das presas, a expectativa e possibilidades de retorno ao convívio social; analisar os aspectos jurídico-institucionais referentes ao regime semi-aberto, no que tange a obtenção dos benefícios, junto a Lei de Execução Penal e identificar quais as parcerias que viabilizam a inserção delas no mercado de trabalho. Para a efetivação desse trabalho utilizou-se, preferencialmente os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da pesquisa quali-quantitativa, pois foi trabalhado não só no nível da objetividade, mas também no significado das ações e relações humanas, sabendo que a realidade prisional é perpassada por questões de cunho opressor, punitivo, em função de preconizar a segurança. Foram realizados também levantamentos de dados bibliográficos e censitários, bem como entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto aos agentes penitenciários do setor de educação e classificação e principalmente as presas. A análise do material coletado permitiu confirmar as hipóteses da pesquisa: i) que a ausência de oportunidades que garantam às presas os benefícios do regime semi-aberto não se dá por falta de instrumentos legais, mas sim pela burocracia no cadastramento e poucas parcerias de cursos profissionalizantes, empresas privadas que absorvam mão-de-obra das presas do regime semi-aberto; e ii) e que no momento em que as presas ainda estavam no regime fechado, não tiveram oportunidades de se capacitarem e também os vínculos familiares não foram mantidos, com isso dificultando que estas usufruam dos benefícios do regime semi-aberto. E, conseqüentemente, sendo cada vez mais adiado o seu retorno gradativo ao convívio social, através da progressão de regime. / The present work has as objective central office to analyze the Penitentiary System of the State of Rio De Janeiro from the half-open regimen, having as analysis field the Criminal Institute Oscar Stevenson, situated in Benfica, in the city of Rio De Janeiro, come back toward a feminine jail public. One searched to verify, under the approach of the canine tooth, the expectation and possibilities of return to the social conviviality; to analyze the referring legal-institutional aspects to the half-open regimen, in what it refers to the attainment of the benefits, next to Law of Criminal Execution and to identify to which the partnerships that make possible the insertion of them in the work market. For the efetivação of this work it was used, preferential the estimated theoreticians and methodological of the quail-quantitative research, therefore it was worked not alone in the level of the objectivity, but also in the meaning of the actions and relations human beings, knowing that the prison reality is purposed by questions of oppressing matrix, punitive, in function to praise the security. Bibliographical and tax data-collectings had also been carried through, as well as interviews half-structuralized next to the penitentiary agents of the sector of education and classification and mainly the canine tooth. The analysis of the collected material allowed to confirm the hypotheses of the research: i) that the absence of chances that guarantee to the canine tooth the benefits of the half-open regimen not if of the one due to legal instruments, but yes for the bureaucracy in the cadastre and few partnerships of professionalizing courses, private companies who absorb man power of the canine tooth of the half-open regimen; e II) and that at the moment where the canine tooth still was in the closed regimen, they had not had chances of if to enable and the familiar bonds had also not been kept, with this making it difficult that these usufruct of the benefits of the half-open regimen. E, consequently, being each time more postponed its gradual return to the social conviviality, through the regimen progression.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-05-04T13:02:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAYANA PEREIRA SOTÃO ARRAES.pdf: 929825 bytes, checksum: c0ff57576facb193781ec406cebfd96c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T13:02:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAYANA PEREIRA SOTÃO ARRAES.pdf: 929825 bytes, checksum: c0ff57576facb193781ec406cebfd96c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / The Constitution of 1988 expressly guaranteed the State's commitment to promote education, culture, sport and recreation to citizens. Similarly, in order to achieve the goal of promoting the Republic development, it disciplined economic order in particular session and expressly tutored private property and free enterprise. Although the operation of educational and cultural activities has been authorized to the private sector with significant autonomy, leaving the state the role of monitoring the compliance of the exercise of such activity to the values of society - such as the exercise of the social function of property - State interference upon free initiative of the entertainment business sector has been gigantic, on the grounds of democratization of education and culture, as with federal laws 9870/99 and 12.933 / 2013. This paper analyzes such laws, seeking to identify the incompatibility thereof with the Constitution, as well as demonstrating the negative consequences to democracy, the economic environment and access to education and culture, in that it interferes with administrative and financial autonomy of private enterprises of the branches pointed out, to ensure the rights to education and culture, transfering this burden to the private sector. / O texto constitucional de 1988 trouxe expressamente o compromisso do Estado em promover a educação, cultura, esporte e lazer aos cidadãos. Da mesma forma, com o intuito de concretizar o objetivo da República de promoção do desenvolvimento, disciplinou a ordem econômica em sessão específica e tutelou expressamente a propriedade privada e a livre iniciativa. Embora a exploração de atividades educacionais e culturais tenha sido autorizada à iniciativa privada com significativa autonomia, restando ao Estado o papel de fiscalização da conformidade do exercício de tal atividade aos valores da sociedade – tais como o exercício da função social da propriedade – a interferência do Estado na livre iniciativa do setor empresarial de entretenimento tem sido agigantada, sob a justificativa de democratização da educação e da cultura, como acontece com as leis federais 9.870/99 e 12.933/2013. O presente trabalho analisa as referidas leis, buscando apontar a incompatibilidade das mesmas com o texto constitucional, bem como demonstrando os reflexos negativos à democracia, ao cenário econômico e ao acesso à educação e à cultura, na medida em que interfere na autonomia administrativo-financeira das empresas privadas dos ramos apontados, sob a justificativa de garantia dos direitos à educação e à cultura, por via reversa de transferência deste ônus à iniciativa privada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Francisco Antonio Ferreira Avila.pdf: 768422 bytes, checksum: c6a4c22b2f70320ded61d6f0c3793a7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-23 / This work has the objective to evaluate the process of implantation of the management half-autonomous worker (GSA) of groups in the production system of an industry of tires in Rio de Janeiro. Concepts, beddings and pointers on diverse boarding of the subject had been revised and also the organization of the work of the production system. Moreover, a study of case in a company was carried through, where it was possible to know the methodology of implantation of GSA philosophy and to evaluate the effectiveness of the same one. A sector of its plant was chosen, in which the GSA was implanted and functioning. In this sector, questionnaires in the employees and the direct head had been applied, approaching the main important points to the indicating functioning of the autonomy and recouped subjects of performance which had allowed to evaluate the maturity reached and the measurable improvements for the sector in this process and profits for the company and its employees. The global vision of the GSA in the plant was gotten through the interview carried through with responsible for the program of implantation of the GSA in all the sectors of the plant. Through all the research, it was possible to verify that the company is implanting the GSA by a methodological way, which applies the management half-autonomous worker in a mature and consolidated way. / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o processo de implanta??o do gerenciamento semi-aut?nomo (GSA) de grupos no sistema de produ??o de uma ind?stria de pneum?ticos no Rio de Janeiro. Foram revisados conceitos, fundamentos e indicadores sobre diversas abordagens do tema organiza??o do trabalho do sistema de produ??o. Al?m disso, foi realizado um estudo de caso onde foi poss?vel conhecer a metodologia de implanta??o da filosofia GSA na empresa e avaliar a efic?cia da mesma. Foi escolhido um setor de uma unidade industrial, no qual o GSA se encontrava implantado e funcionando. Foram aplicados question?rios aos funcion?rios e ao chefe direto, abordando os principais temas importantes no funcionamento da autonomia e recuperados indicadores de desempenho. Este material de estudo permitiu avaliar a maturidade alcan?ada pelo setor neste processo e os ganhos mensur?veis para a empresa e seus funcion?rios. A vis?o global do GSA na planta foi obtida atrav?s da entrevista realizada com o respons?vel pelo programa de implanta??o do GSA em todos os setores da f?brica. Atrav?s de toda a pesquisa realizada foi poss?vel comprovar que a empresa est? implantando o GSA de forma metodol?gica, e que o setor estudado aplica o gerenciamento semi-aut?nomo de forma madura e consolidada.

Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar 100 progênies de meios irmãos da população de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg.), cultivar CATI AL 1000 em dois ciclos de seleção entre e dentro de progênies de meios irmãos, para as características: ciclo das plantas, altura das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos, teor de óleo no grão e produtividade de óleo, na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, no município de São Manuel - SP, no ano de 2004, e na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, no município de Botucatu - SP, no ano de 2005, 2006, e 2007, pertencentes a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - campus de Botucatu - SP, da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". Foram avaliadas 100 progênies de meios irmãos de nabo forrageiro cultivar CATI AL 1000, em ensaio de competição, distribuídas em delineamento látice 10x10, parcialmente balanceado, com três repetições. As progênies superiores foram recombinadas e selecionadas no ano agrícola seguinte obtendo um ciclo a cada dois anos. Foram realizados dois ciclos de seleção. Os dados coletados a campo, para todas as características, foram padronizados seguindo a metodologia recomendada, e submetidos a análise de variância e testes de médias. Foram obtidas as correlações entre os caracteres e obtidas as estimativas de parâmetros genéticos. Para todas as características avaliadas, foi identificada a presença de variabilidade genética, decrescendo no segundo ciclo de seleção, entre as progênies de meios irmãos. Foram observados ganhos genéticos de 8,96, 18,47, 93,29, 12,51, e 69,11 %, para as características avaliadas: altura das plantas, massa de 1000 grãos, produção de grãos, teor de óleo do grão, e produtividade de grão, respectivamente. Observou-se correlação negativa e significativa entre produtividade de grãos e teor de óleo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The purpose of the present research was evaluate100 half-sib progenies of the population of wild radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Oleiferus Metzg.) Cultivar CATI AL 1000 in two cycles of selection, among and within half-sib progenies for characteristics: cycle of plants, plant height, grain yield, 1000 grain weight, grain oil content and oil yield in the Experimental Farm San Manuel, in Sao Manuel - SP, in 2004, and in the Farm Experimental Lageado, in Botucatu - SP, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, at Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas - Botucatu campus - SP, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho". In this study, were evaluated 100 half-sib progenies of wild radish cultivar CATI AL 1000, in an essay competition, distributed in a 10x10 lattice, partially balanced, with three replications. The selected progenies were recombined and selected in the following crop year obtaining a cycle every two years. There were two cycles of selection. For all traits, the data collected at the field were patterned according to recommended methodology, and subjected to analysis of variance and multiple comparisons. The correlations between the characters and the estimates of genetic parameters were obtained. For all traits, the presence of genetic variability was identified, decreasing in the second cylce of selection, among the half-sib progenies. Genetic gains of 8.96, 18.47, 93.29, 12.51 were observed, and 69.11% for the characteristics evaluated: plant height, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, oil content of grain, and grain yield, respectively.There was negative correlation between grain yield and grain oil content, plant height and mass of 1000 grains, and positive and significant relationship between grain yield and plant height, also 1000 grain weight and oil content of grain. The genetic parameters values decreased from cycle I to cycle II, but the high magnitudes calculated in the second... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Maurício Dutra Zanotto / Coorientador: José Geraldo Carvalho do Amaral / Banca: Cibelle Chalita Martins / Banca: João Paulo Teixiera Whitaker / Banca: Luciano Soares de Souza / Banca: Fábio Suano de Souza / Doutor

This study examined and compared the acute effects of ballistic and nonballistic concentric-only half-squats (COHSs) on squat jump performance. Fifteen resistance-trained men performed a squat jump 2 minutes after a control protocol or 2 COHSs at 90% of their 1 repetition maximum (1RM) COHS performed in a ballistic or nonballistic manner. Jump height (JH), peak power (PP), and allometrically scaled peak power (PPa) were compared using three 3 × 2 repeated-measures analyses of variance. Statistically significant condition × time interaction effects existed for JH (p = 0.037), PP (p = 0.041), and PPa (p = 0.031). Post hoc analysis revealed that the ballistic condition produced statistically greater JH (p = 0.017 and p = 0.036), PP (p = 0.031 and p = 0.026), and PPa (p = 0.024 and p = 0.023) than the control and nonballistic conditions, respectively. Small effect sizes for JH, PP, and PPa existed during the ballistic condition (d = 0.28–0.44), whereas trivial effect sizes existed during the control (d = 0.0–0.18) and nonballistic (d = 0.0–0.17) conditions. Large statistically significant relationships existed between the JH potentiation response and the subject's relative back squat 1RM (r = 0.520; p = 0.047) and relative COHS 1RM (r = 0.569; p = 0.027) during the ballistic condition. In addition, large statistically significant relationship existed between JH potentiation response and the subject's relative back squat strength (r = 0.633; p = 0.011), whereas the moderate relationship with the subject's relative COHS strength trended toward significance (r = 0.483; p = 0.068). Ballistic COHS produced superior potentiation effects compared with COHS performed in a nonballistic manner. Relative strength may contribute to the elicited potentiation response after ballistic and nonballistic COHS.

The purpose of this study was to compare the temporal profile of strong and weak subjects during ballistic and nonballistic potentiation complexes. Eight strong (relative back squat = 2.1 ± 0.1 times body mass) and 8 weak (relative back squat = 1.6 ± 0.2 times body mass) males performed squat jumps immediately and every minute up to 10 minutes following potentiation complexes that included ballistic or nonballistic concentric-only half-squat (COHS) performed at 90% of their 1 repetition maximum COHS. Jump height (JH) and allometrically scaled peak power (PPa) were compared using a series of 2 × 12 repeated measures analyses of variance. No statistically significant strength level main effects for JH (p = 0.442) or PPa (p = 0.078) existed during the ballistic condition. In contrast, statistically significant main effects for time existed for both JH (p = 0.014) and PPa (p < 0.001); however, no statistically significant pairwise comparisons were present (p > 0.05). Statistically significant strength level main effects existed for PPa (p = 0.039) but not for JH (p = 0.137) during the nonballistic condition. Post hoc analysis revealed that the strong subjects produced statistically greater PPa than the weaker subjects (p = 0.039). Statistically significant time main effects existed for time existed for PPa (p = 0.015), but not for JH (p = 0.178). No statistically significant strength level × time interaction effects for JH (p = 0.319) or PPa (p = 0.203) were present for the ballistic or nonballistic conditions. Practical significance indicated by effect sizes and the relationships between maximum potentiation and relative strength suggest that stronger subjects potentiate earlier and to a greater extent than weaker subjects during ballistic and nonballistic potentiation complexes.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that leads to severe malfunction in many organs, but particularly the lungs. The primary cause of this malfunction is the decrease of the airway surface liquid layer on the lung epithelium. The lack of hydration leads to mucus build up on the epithelial lining, leading to blockage of airways. The underlying cause of CF is the dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which results from mutations in the protein. Almost 90% of CF patients are caused by the deletion of the phenylalanine at position 508 of CFTR, which is believed to affect the folding and stability of CFTR. The misfolded ΔF508-CFTR undergoes ER associated degradation (ERAD), causing the failure of ΔF508-CFTR trafficking to the cell surface. Small molecule correctors yield moderate improvements in the trafficking of ΔF508-CFTR to the plasma membrane. It is currently not known if correctors increase trafficking through improved cargo loading of transport vesicles or through direct binding to CFTR. In this dissertation, real-time measurements of trafficking were utilized to identify the mechanistic details of chemical, biochemical, and thermal factors that impact CFTR correction, using the corrector molecule VX-809, a secondary mutation (I539T), and low temperature conditions. Each individually improved trafficking of ΔF508-CFTR to approximately 10% of wild-type levels. The combination of VX-809 with either low temperature or the I539T mutation increased the amount of CFTR on the plasma membrane to nearly 40%, indicating synergistic activity. The number of vesicles reaching the surface was significantly altered; however the amount of channel in each vesicle remained the same. Therefore, a 2 step therapeutic approach might be an ideal treatment for CF. The first step would be composed of a compound that mimics the mechanism of stabilization provided by low temperature or the I539T mutation, while the second step would be VX-809 or a similar corrector compound. These studies suggest that understanding how low temperature and second site suppressors alter ΔF508-CFTR could be key to the development of future therapeutics for the effective treatment of CF. The precise pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is not well studied. The involvement of another transport protein, epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), makes the situation more complicated. ENaC and CFTR are colocalized on the apical surface of epithelia cells. With our fluorescence microscopy techniques, we explored the effects of CFTR on the residence time of ENaC on the cell membrane. A reliable approach measuring the half-life of protein on the cell membrane is required for this study. We present a new approach to quantify the half-life of membrane proteins on the cell surface, through tagging the protein with the photoconvertible fluorescent protein, Dendra2. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) is applied to limit visualization of fluorescence to proteins located on the plasma membrane. Photoconversion of Dendra2 works as a pulse chase experiment by monitoring only the population of protein that has been photoconverted. As the protein is endocytosed the red emission decreases due to the protein leaving the TIRF field of view. The half-life of the protein on the plasma membrane was calculated upon imaging over time and quantifying the change in red fluorescence. Our method provides a unique opportunity to observe real-time protein turnover at the single cell level without addition of protein synthesis inhibitors. This technique will be valuable for the future protein half-life study.

This thesis is an analysis of the production of assimilation discourse, in terms of Aboriginal people’s and white people’s social relations, in a small selection of popular fiction texts from the 1950s and 1960s. I situate these novels in the broader context of assimilation by also undertaking a reading of three official texts from a slightly earlier period. These texts together produce the ambivalent white Australian story of assimilation. They illuminate some of the key sites of anxiety in assimilation discourses: inter-racial sexual relationships, the white family, and children and young adults of mixed heritage and land ownership. The crux of my argument is that in the 1950s and early 1960s the dominant cultural imagining of Australia was as a white nation. In white discourses of assimilation to fulfil the dream of whiteness, the Aboriginal people – the not-white – had to be included in or eliminated from this imagined white community. Fictional stories of assimilation were a key site for the representation of this process, that is, they produced discourses of ‘assimilation colonization’. The focus for this process were Aboriginal people of mixed ancestry, who came to be represented as ‘the half-caste’ in assimilation discourse. The novels I analyse work as ‘conduct books’. They aim to shape white reactions to the inclusion of Aboriginal people, in particular the half-caste, into ‘white Australia’. This inclusion, assimilation, was an ambivalent project – both pleasurable and unsettling – pleasurable because it worked to legitimate white colonization (Aboriginal presence as erased) and unsettling because it challenged the idea of a pure ‘white Australia’.