<p>The market of portable digital audio players (DAPs) have literally exploded the last couple of years. Other markets has grown as well. PDAs, GPS receivers, mobile phones, and so on. This resulted in more advanced ICs and SoCs becoming publically available, eliminating the need for in-house ASICs, thus enableing smaller actors to enter the markets.</p><p>This thesis explores the possibilities of developing a low power, hand-held device on a very limited budget and strict time scale.</p><p>This thesis report also covers all the steps taken in the development procedure.</p>

Being able to quickly locate equipment is critical inside buildings, including hospitals, manufacturing floors and warehouses. In order to utilize limited budget and resources efficiently, accurate locating or tracking is required in many fields. In this research, we will focus on how to find the location of an item by using RFID in real time indoors to track equipment. When an item needs to be located, the purpose of using RFID is to minimize the searching time, effort, and investment cost. Thus, this research presents a math¬ematical model of using RFID (both handheld readers and stationary readers) for efficient asset location. We derive the expected cost of locating RFID¬tagged objects in a multi¬area environment where hand¬held RF readers are used. We then discuss where to deploy stationary RF readers in order to maximize the efficiency of the search process.

No description available.

Abstract The purpose of the present research was (I-II) to evaluate the effects of clinical, hand-held Doppler (HHD) and duplex ultrasonographic examinations on the planning of operative procedure for primary varicose veins, (III) to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of endovenous saphenous vein obliteration with radiofrequency-resistive heating and (IV) to compare endovenous saphenous vein obliteration with conventional stripping operation in terms of short-term recovery and costs. Sixty-two legs (in 49 consecutive patients) and 142 legs (in 111 consecutive patients) with primary uncomplicated varicose veins were examined clinically and with HHD and duplex ultrasonography for planning the subsequent treatment. At the saphenous-femoral junction (SFJ) and at the saphenous-popliteal junction (SPJ), sensitivity was 56-64% and 23%, specificity 93-97% and 96%, positive predictive value 97-98% and 43% and negative predictive value 44-45% and 91%, respectively. In 9% of the cases, the treatment plan was modified on the basis of the duplex ultrasound findings. The present study showed that, in primary uncomplicated varicose veins, the accuracy of HHD is unsatisfactory. Thirty legs of 27 patients with varicose veins were treated using an endovenous catheter (Closure® System, VNUS Medical Technologies, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA), which was inserted under ultrasound guidance via a percutaneous puncture or a skin incision. The persistence of vein occlusion and complications potentially attributable to the endovenous treatment were assessed at 1-week, 6-week, 3-month, 6-month and 1-year follow-up visits. By the time of the last follow-up visit, occlusion of the treated segment of the LSV had been achieved in 22 (73.3%) legs. Persisting patency or recanalization of LSV was detected in 8 legs (26.7%). Postoperative complications included saphenous nerve paresthesia in 3 legs (10%) and thermal skin injury in one limb (3.3%). Twenty-eight selected patients admitted for operative treatment of varicose veins in the tributaries of the primary long saphenous were randomly assigned to endovenous obliteration (n = 15) or stripping operation (n = 13). The patients were followed up for 7-8 weeks postoperatively and examined by duplex ultrasonography. The comparison of costs included both direct medical costs and costs due to lost of productivity. All operations were successful, and the complication rates were similar in the two groups. The sick leaves were significantly shorter in the endovenous obliteration group [6.5 (SD 3.3) vs. 15.6 (SD 6.0), 95 % CI 5.4 to 12.9, p &lt; 0.001, t-test]. When the value of the lost working days was included, the endovenous obliteration was societally cost-saving.

Optical imaging is an emerging technology towards non-invasive breast cancer diagnostics. In recent years, portable and patient comfortable hand-held optical imagers are developed towards two-dimensional (2D) tumor detections. However, these imagers are not capable of three-dimensional (3D) tomography because they cannot register the positional information of the hand-held probe onto the imaged tissue. A hand-held optical imager has been developed in our Optical Imaging Laboratory with 3D tomography capabilities, as demonstrated from tissue phantom studies. The overall goal of my dissertation is towards the translation of our imager to the clinical setting for 3D tomographic imaging in human breast tissues. A systematic experimental approach was designed and executed as follows: (i) fast 2D imaging, (ii) coregistered imaging, and (iii) 3D tomographic imaging studies. (i) Fast 2D imaging was initially demonstrated in tissue phantoms (1% Liposyn solution) and in vitro (minced chicken breast and 1% Liposyn). A 0.45 cm3 fluorescent target at 1:0 contrast ratio was detectable up to 2.5 cm deep. Fast 2D imaging experiments performed in vivo with healthy female subjects also detected a 0.45 cm3 fluorescent target superficially placed ~2.5 cm under the breast tissue. (ii) Coregistered imaging was automated and validated in phantoms with ~0.19 cm error in the probe’s positional information. Coregistration also improved the target depth detection to 3.5 cm, from multi-location imaging approach. Coregistered imaging was further validated in-vivo, although the error in probe’s positional information increased to ~0.9 cm (subject to soft tissue deformation and movement). (iii) Three-dimensional tomography studies were successfully demonstrated in vitro using 0.45 cm3 fluorescence targets. The feasibility of 3D tomography was demonstrated for the first time in breast tissues using the hand-held optical imager, wherein a 0.45 cm3 fluorescent target (superficially placed) was recovered along with artifacts. Diffuse optical imaging studies were performed in two breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. The images showed greater absorption at the tumor cites (as observed from x-ray mammography, ultrasound, and/or MRI). In summary, my dissertation demonstrated the potential of a hand-held optical imager towards 2D breast tumor detection and 3D breast tomography, holding a promise for extensive clinical translational efforts.

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Handscanner ZEB-REVO der Firma GeoSLAM. Es werden die Handhabung der Hardware im untertägigen Einsatz und die Weiterverarbeitung der Punktwolken für Anwendungen im Bergbau näher betrachtet. Die Notwendigkeit der Referenzierung der Punktwolken und eine Möglichkeit diese umzusetzen, werden dargelegt. Über den Vergleich der Daten mit Punktwolken von terrestrischen Laserscannern der Firma Riegl in der Software RiScanPro werden Genauigkeitsuntersuchungen angestellt, die dem Anwender die Grenzen des Systems aufzeigen. Schließlich führen die angestellten Untersuchungen zu einer kritischen Bewertung des Systems. / This contribution addresses practical aspects, abilities and limitations in using the ZEBREVO hand-held scanner from GeoSLAM for underground mine mapping. Besides mapping activities, also post-processing of generated point clouds and requirements for georeferencing are discussed. An accuracy assessment is presented by the means of a point cloud comparison, generated by a terrestrial laser scanner from Riegl. Results demonstrate the technical ability and also the limitations of the system ZEB-REVO. Concluding, a critical evaluation of the system is presented.

Bakgrund En handhållen dynamometer (HHD) är ett kliniskt användbart mätverktyg för att mäta muskelstyrka. På Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala finns en HHD av märket MicroFET2® (Hoggan Scientific). Det finns ett fåtal studier gjorda som undersöker intrabedömarreliabiliteten vid mätningar av isometrisk muskelstyrka av knäledens muskelgrupper med denna dynamometer. Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka den absoluta och relativa reliabiliteten vid mätningar av maximal muskelstyrka i knäledens muskelgrupper med en HHD. Metod Psykometrisk design med test-retest förfarande. Totalt undersöktes 24 friska vuxna vid två mättillfällen med 6–8 dagars mellanrum. Den relativa reliabiliteten presenterades med Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2,1). Den absoluta reliabiliteten presenteras i standard error of measurement (SEM), SEM% samt smallest detectable change (SDC). Resultat Resultaten visade mycket hög relativ reliabilitet för knäledens extensioner (ICC = 0,950,96) och för knäledens flexorer (ICC = 0,94–0,96). SEM varierade mellan 33,58N-34,81N för knäledens extensorer och 14,16N-17,16N för knäledens flexorer. SDC varierade mellan 93,08N–96,49N för knäledens extensorer och 39,25N-47,57N för knäledens flexorer. Konklusion Resultaten indikerar att HHD har mycket hög relativ reliabilitet för bedömning av styrka i knäledens stora muskelgrupper hos ett bekvämlighetsurval med friska vuxna människor.  Den relativa och absoluta reliabiliteten bedömdes överlag vara i enlighet med tidigare studier. För implementering i klinik behöver framtida studier utvärdera absolut och relativ reliabilitet på specifika patientpopulationer. / Background Hand held dynamometry (HHD) is a practical device for testing muscle strength. There is currently a HHD (MicroFET2® - Hoggan Scientific) available at Uppsala University hospital. Few reliability studies excist where the objective is to examine the intra-rater reliability of isometric maximal knee-strength using this device. Objective To examine the absolute and relative reliability of isometric maximal knee-strength using a MicroFET2. Method Psychometric design through test-retest with 6–8 days between measures on 24 healthy adults. The relative reliability expressed as Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC 2,1) and the absolute reliability as standard error of measurement (SEM), SEM%, and smallest detecatble change (SDC). Results The results of this study showed very good reliability for both knee extensors (ICC = 0,950,96) and knee flexors (ICC = 0,94–0,96). Regarding the absolute reliability SEM ranged from 33,58N-34,81N for knee extensors and 14,16N-17,16N for knee flexors. SDC ranged from 93,08N-96,49N for knee extensors and 39,25N-47,57N for knee flexors. Conclusion The results indicate that HHD has a very good relative reliability for assessing strength in the large muscle groups of the knee joint when examined on a group of healty adults. The relative and absolute reliability was generally in accordance when compared with previous studies. Before being implemented in praxis, future studies need to evaluate absolute and relative reliability on specific patient populations.

No description available.

The task for this master thesis was to create a specification for a second prototype of Scandilumen´s handheld gated night vision system. Current prototype is analogue and is to be upgraded with a digital interface. The specification was to contain information about manufacturers and performance on critical components such as image intensifier tube, image sensor and display. Scandilumen have previous experience with CCD cameras and wanted to know if the CMOS technology were sensitive enough to work properly in gated systems where high sensitivity is critical. Different image processing techniques was analyzed to find out the possibility to enhance image quality with an FPGA built-in into the system. When the specification is implemented, Scandilumen will have a prototype up-to-date with a digital interface and real time image enhancement. / Uppdraget i denna magisteruppsats var att ta fram en specifikation för en andra prototyp av Scandilumens grindade mörkerkamera. Nuvarande prototyp är analog och skall uppgraderas till en digital variant med display och anslutningsmöjlighet till dator. Specifikationen skall innehålla uppgifter om vilka ingående komponenter som skall användas samt vilken prestanda de skall ha. Exempel på dessa komponenter är bildförstärkarrör, bildsensor och displayer. Stor vikt har lagts vid att avgöra vilken typ av bildsensor som skall ingå i systemet. Scandilumen har tidigare erfarenhet av CCD-kameror men ville undersöka om CMOS-tekniken var känslig nog för denna typ av applikation. En jämförelse gjordes mellan de olika teknikerna med fokus på de höga krav som ställs på känslighet. Dessutom analyserades olika typer av bildbehandling som är lämpliga för systemet och som också går att implementera i en FPGA på lämpligt sätt. Om specifikationen följs kommer Scandilumen ha en prototyp uppdaterad med ett digitalt format och den senaste tekniken.

In this thesis research, we investigate the usability of hand-held display (Tablet PC) and wearable head-mounted display (Google Glass) interfaces and their effect on doctor-patient interaction during clinical ward round in the hospital. We looked at existing literature to identify existing research about our topic. Using a User Centered Interaction Design process we developed a prototype hybrid system that used both a hand-held and head-mounted display. An evaluation of this prototype with a hand-held system and a paper based interface was performed in a simulated patient room with 20 doctors and 5 patients. The participants were observed, surveyed, and interviewed about their experiences. Generally, the patients had a high satisfaction rate and felt the interfaces were not causing the doctors to lose focus on them. The doctors found the hand-held display by itself and existing paper-based interface to be the most usable and least distracting interfaces for accessing patient information during clinical ward rounds.