Indiscutivelmente, higiene de mãos (HM)é uma das medidads mais importantes para prevenir as Infecções Hospitalares. Além da tradicional lavagem com água e sabão, o uso do álcool tem se destacado na HM, pois, possui boa atividade antimicrobiana, dispensa pia, reduz o tempo e previne ressecamento de mãos. Das evidências científicas sobre seu uso na HM, ainda há contradições quanto à sua efetividade na presença da matéria orgânica nas mãos. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com intuito de elucidar esta questão avaliando a eficácia antimicrobiana de três formulações alcoólicas (duas em forma de gel e uma líquida) nas mãos com matéria orgânica. Os trabalhos laboratoriais foram realizados no Laboratório de Pesquisas do Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisas (coleta de amostras bacterianas) e no Laboratório de Microbiologia do Departamento de Patologia Clínica do Hospital Albert Einstein (contagem bacteriana), utilizando a metodologia oficial Européia - EN 1500 modificada. Quatorze voluntários - pessoas saudáveis, sem problemas de pele nas mãos e que asinaram o \"Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido\", foram aleatorizados em três grupos e cada grupo utilizou os proidutos-testes e referência em seqüências diferentes. Os produtos-teste foram: produto A - alcool etílico sob a forma de gel a 62% (p/p), produto B - álcool etílico sob a forma de gel a 70%(p/p) e produto C - álcool etílico a 70% (p/v) glicerinado sob a forma líquida e o produto D - alcool 2-propanolol 60%, produto referência padronizado pela metodologia EN 1500. Para cada produto-teste e referência, foi realizada a seguinte seqüência de procedimentos: lavagem de mãos por um minuto com água e sabão; aplicação de 1,2 ml de sangue estéril desfibrinado de carneiro; contaminação das mãos até metade dos matacarpos no caldo tríptico de soja (TSB) com o microrganismo-desafio S. macescens ATCC 14756; coleta de amostras pré HM, friccionando os dedos na placa de Petri contendo TSB (valor inicial); HM aplicando o(s) produto(s)-teste e referência; coleta de amostras para recuperação bacteriana (valor final), com a mesma técnica da fase pré HM e cálculo do fator de redução (FR) logarítmica (log10) de S. marcescens (valor inicial - valor final). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas (teste de Wilcoxon) para verificar a equivalência entre o(s) produto(s)-teste e referência, com o nível de significância estabelecido em P=0,10, unicaudal. Os FR (log10) foram: 3,29 para o rpoduto A; 3,36 para o produto B e 3,56 para o produto C. O produto-referência, produto, produto D, promoveu FR log10 de 3,66. Os testes de Wilcoxon indicaram que há equivalência dos produtos B (P=0,198) e C (P=0,826) com o produto referência D, e que existe diferença do produto A (P=0,074) quando comparado ao produto D. Como conclusão, este estudo revelou que os produtos-teste, utilizados em mãos artificialmente sujas com matéria orgânica reduziram significativamente a colonização transitória das mãos - mais de 3 log10, redução acima de 99,9% podendo ser utilizados para HM. Estes valores são superiores aos valores de FR log10 encontrados após a lavagem de mãos com sabão não-antimicrobiano(2,7) e sabão antimicrobiano tricosan (2,8) e semelhantes aos valores de PVP-I (3,5) e clorexidina degermante (3,1). O produto A, apesar de reprovado pela metodologia oficial EN 1500, obteve o menor FR log10 (3,26), é superior aos sabões não-antimicrobianos e com triclosan e clorexidina degermante a 4%, o que indica a possibilidade de sua utilização como segunda opção. / Hand hygiene is considered the most important measure to reduce the transmission of nosocomial pathogens in health care settings. Because alcohol has excellent antimicrobial activity, requires less time, results in less skin irritation and does not require proximity to a sink, is the preferred agent for hand hygiene. In the face of scientific evidence, there\'s still contradiction concerning the effectiveness of alcohol in the hands with proteinaceous material. This research was developed in order to compare the antimicrobial activity of three alcoholic products commonly used (two alcohol-based gel and one liquid formulation) in the hands with organic material. It was conducted in the Research Laboratory (bacterial samples) and in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Clinical Pathology Department (bacterial counting) of the Hospital Albert Einstein, using modified European Standard EN 1500. The test products were: A - ethanol alcohol-based gel 62% (p/p), product B - ethanol alcohol-based gel 70% (p/p) and product C - ethanol alcohol-based liquid 70% (p/v) with glycerol 2% compared to reference product: D - alcohol 2-propanolol 60% (v/v) on artificially contaminated hands with S. marcescens ATCC 14756, using a cross-over design. Fourteen healthy volunteers, with no skin hand problems and who signed written consent form were randomized in 3 groups. For each reference and test products, the following sequence was carried through: hands were washed with soft soap, 1,2 ml of sterile sheep blood defibrinated was dispensed by sterile syringe into the hands, air-dried and immersed in the contamination fluid up to the mid-metacarpals. Bacterial sample were recovered for the inicial count by rubbing the fingertips of each hand for 1 min in the petri dish containing tryptone soya broth (TSB) . The hands were rubbed thoroughly over their entire surface (30 to 60 seconds) with 2 -3 ml of the test products. The reference product was used twice (total of 6 ml) and rubbed for 60 seconds. Both hands were rinsed in running water and excess water was drained off. Final bacterial count was obtained rubbing the fingertips of each hand for 1 min in the petri dish containing TSB. For both reference and test products, the mean log10 reduction factors (RF) were calculated (difference between the pre-value and post-value) and for testing the RF of the test products against that of reference product the Wilcoxon teste was used (level of significance was set at P=0,1, one sided) The RF log10 calculated were: 3,29 for the product A; 3,36 for the product B; 3,56 for the product C and 3,66 for the product D. The Wilcoxon test indicated that product A did not meet standard criteria (P = 0,074) and the products B (P = 0,198) and C (P = 0,826) met the EN 1500 requirement. As conclusion, this study indicated that the test products, used in hands with organic material, significantly reduced the transient flora, more than 3 log10 (99,9% of reduction), may be used for hand hygiene. These values are greater than the values of RF log10 after washing hands with plain soap (2,70) and triclosan (2,8) or similar or even exceeding when comparing with antimicrobial detergents used for hand washing, as PVP-I (3,5) or chlorhexidine 4% (3,1). Although the product A did not meet the EN 1500 criteria and had the lowest RF log10, its RF is superior to soaps (plain soap, triclosan and chlorhexidine 4%). This indicates a possibility of its usage as a second option.

This Diploma thesis deals with the project teaching and with the options of implementation of this method into second language teaching in the first level of elementary schools. Theoretical part of the thesis focuses on history, characteristics, classification, phases, advantages and disadvantages of the project teaching. In the second part, the thesis is based on a five-hour long project called "Berlin entdecken" created by the author and realized in the fifth year of elementary school with the extended second language teaching specialization. The thesis aims to find out students' attitude towards the project teaching. Also, based on a case study, it tries to find out whether the integration of this teaching method is applicable to teaching process among students with different education expectations. The research draws on both quantitative and qualitative methods (i.e. questionnaire, observation, and structured interview). Based on the carried out research, the thesis find out that the project teaching is an appropriate method for second language teaching in the first level of elementary schools. Similarly to other methods, however, the project teaching also has its constraints which need to be taken into consideration. KEYWORDS hands-on teaching perspective, project teaching, second language...

The goal of this work is to give a comprehensive picture of the evolution and nature of corruption in Italy in the post-war period and closer to the action "Clean hands" and "Revolution of judges" as an example of anti-corruption efforts. These actions, aimed against political corruption, caused the principal changes of the political system in Italy in the beginning of 1992 (end of the so-called First Republic). Attention is paid to the problem of corruption in its theoretical plane, as well as the analysis of corruption in Italy, including the identification of factors causing corruption particularly in post-war period. These causes may be find in the nature of politics party system or a large-scale of organized crime etc. The main issue of this work is to find an answer on the question what where the results of the actions "Clean hands" and "Revolution of judges" and its effect on corruption in Italy. Furthermore, whether "revolutionary" events and subsequent changes of the political system caused strengthening of anti-corruption policy in Italy. Further what specific steps have been taken against corruption and what are the successes or failures of these events.

Explore the benefits of merging experiential science and literacy instruction to deepen students’ understanding of force and motion.

Integrate the NGSS and CCSS ELA by using a cycle of science and ELA activities to help students learn about the flow of energy between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou implementace Hands-Free komunikačních systémů v automobilovém průmyslu. První kapitola je zaměřena na teoretické aspekty zpracování řeči v embedded aplikacích, jako je potlačení šumu, potlačení akustické zpětné vazby a další faktory ovlivňující kvalitu Hands-Free systémů. Druhá kapitola obsahuje návrh kompaktního flexibilního mobilního testovacího zařízení pro bezdrátové komunikační Hands-Free moduly.

TITLE: Popular Song in Piano Teaching ABSTRACT: Diploma thesis delas with the theme of popular songs in piano teaching. The thesis contains research which investigates the use and popularity of popular songs in piano teaching from the piano pedagogues' perspective. In addition, the thesis narrows this extensive topic to ten selected popular songs, their arrangements respectively created specifically for this thesis's purpose, to demonstrate their use in piano teaching on. Six of them are intended for little pianists, four are intended for advanced students. There is a theoretical part discussing selected aspects of elementary piano pedagogy which are applied in piano arrangements in the practical part of the thesis. KEYWORDS: popular song, piano four hands, piano methodology, development of general music skills, fairy-tales, Game of Thrones, ABBA

In-forest teaching is a vital element of forest science education at university level, and university forests play a critical role in this. In Japan, the University of Tokyo (UTokyo) owns the oldest university forest, which was established in 1894. This paper outlines how the University of Tokyo Forests (UTF) provide in-forest education for forest science. The UTF consist of seven branch stations with a total area of over 32,000 ha. Third- and fourth-year undergraduate students majoring in forest science attend field courses in these forests. Same undergraduate and graduate students are affiliated with the UTF, where they conduct field studies for their graduate theses. Since 2005, the UTF have expanded their educational activities by offering university-wide hands-on experience seminars with field experience for first- and second-year undergraduate students, although these courses are open to all students studying at UTokyo.

Introduction: The introduction presents concepts around hands-free interactions. Furthermore, topics of digitalization, value co-creation, and how technology suppliers and end-users co-create value through the application of eye-tracking is described. Problem discussion: Healthcare is a complex system and is becoming more accustomed to the value co-creation concept with all types of stakeholders. New technologies are needed in healthcare to ensure positive patient outcomes and sterility. These technologies appear in hands-free devices such as eye-tracking technology. Limited research is found on interactions between healthcare practitioners and/or researchers with technology providers with key actors as suppliers and practitioners. Looking further at value co-creation, to achieve hands-free healthcare, it is necessary to fully utilize nascent digital technologies while incorporating them into digitalized processes. Hence, additional study is needed to investigate how key actors co-create value and promote the full use of advanced technologies. Purpose and Research Question: The purpose of this study is to understand how value is co-created by the application of hands-free devices in healthcare settings. To do that, we explore the activities performed by technology suppliers and technology end-users (healthcare practitioners and researchers) that enable value co-creation through the application of eye-tracking devices in hands-free healthcare. This study seeks to answer the research question: How do technology suppliers and end-users co-create value through the application of eye-tracking in hands-free healthcare? Theoretical Framework: Theoretical Framework was established based on scientific literature. Furthermore, it is split between concepts of value-in-use, value co-production, and two stages of digitalization, where the first stage is digitalization of products and services, the second stage is digitalization of activities and decisions. Methodology: In this thesis, qualitative descriptive research with a deductive approach is followed. Empirical data was collected through three exploratory and ten semi-structured interviews, where six semi-structured interviews were conducted with suppliers (primary data) who are employed in an eye-tracking supplying company, and four end-users (supportive data), which are healthcare practitioners and/or researchers. Findings & Analysis: Here, findings gathered from primary (technology suppliers), supportive (end-users), and secondary sources (documents) were analyzed and compared to the literature and theoretical framework. Conclusion: Concluding, 20 activities were found for the value co-production part of the research and 23 activities for the value-in-use part. Some of the found activities could not be supported by scientific literature or framework and are explained as additional findings.

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