Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2016-05-24T18:48:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 39S586d Dissertação.pdf: 11336473 bytes, checksum: 3f890932caf829a0371641fbaf5f82d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-24T18:48:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 39S586d Dissertação.pdf: 11336473 bytes, checksum: 3f890932caf829a0371641fbaf5f82d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995-01 / O Movimento Hare Krishna é um, dentre as inúmeras seitas orientais que surgiram no Ocidente após o movimento contestatório da contracultura dos anos sessenta. Possuindo uma população de aproximadamente oitocentos membros, atua em vinte e quatro cidades brasileiras. Esse movimento procura difundir na sociedade ocidental a milenar cultura hindu. Krishna é considerado o Deus Supremo e transmite toda sua sabedoria através das sagradas escrituras da Incia, os Vedas. Nova Gokula é a comunidade rural desse movimento no Brasil, situada na cidade de Pindamonhangaba, Estado de São Paulo. Nela, mais de uma centena de pessoas procuram viver uma vida monástica voltada à devoção a Krishna, as vinte e quatro horas do dia. O presente trabalho procura fazer uma interpretação do universo simbólico vivenciado por esse grupo de pessoas, na tentativa de entender quem são esses personagens. A utilização do universo simbólico védico é analisada não como uma busca de um "outro" distante, mas como um conjunto de símbolos ao qual são atribuídos novos significados, permitindo que a vida seja vivida de maneira singular.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Despite their difference in body size and morphology, the moose (Alces alces) andthe mountain hare (Lepus timidus) sustain themselves during winter on similar plantspecies and plant parts in in subarctic environments, namely apical twigs ofmountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii). Herbivores must select areas anditems of food that provide sufficient intake rates and food nutritional quality whilebalancing this against their intake of dietary fiber and potentially detrimental plantsecondary metabolites. This selection takes place simultaneously at multiple spatialscales, from individual plants and plant parts to patches of food and parts of the wider landscape. While the herbivores must consider their need for food to sustaindaily activities, for body growth and reproduction it is also necessary to avoid predators and harsh environmental conditions. For managers, an understanding of key factors for animal foraging distributions is pivotal to reach intended goals ofmanagement and conservation plans. Knowledge in this area is also important formodels to make accurate predictions of foraging responses of herbivores to resource distributions. The mountain birch forest displays a naturally heterogeneous distribution of trees and shrubs which presents herbivores with a challenge to findgood feeding areas. In an investigation of the spatial distribution of moose browsing on birch and willows (Salix spp.) in two winter seasons separated in time by 14 years,it was found that moose browsing patterns in 1996 were correlated to those observed in 2010. It was also found that moose browsing was spatially clustered within the same distances (1000-2500 m) as densities of willow and birch, but at other spatial scales, browsing was mostly randomly distributed. It was concluded that foragedensity is a cue for moose but only at certain spatial scales. Similarly, a comparison of foraging distribution by hare and moose showed that high birch density was a key factor for both species. In spite of this, hares and moose used different parts ofthe same environment because they respond to food resource distribution at different spatial scales. Hares fed from smaller plants, and focused their foraging activity on smaller spatial scales than moose. These results emphasize the importance of taking into account the distribution of food resources at spatial scales relevant for each species in plans for conservation and management. In an experimental study it was found that intensified browsing on natural forage by mountain hares can be induced locally through placement of food. The induced browsing varied with the amount and quality of the added food, but also with thedensity of natural food plants and natural foraging distribution by hares. Finally, ina last experiment habitat preference of mountain hares across edges between open and forested areas was studied. The results were not consistent; hares utilized baitto a greater extent within forested areas than bait placed on a nearby lake ice, butbait on mires and heaths was either preferred over bait in nearby forest, or utilizedto a similar extent. A possible explanation is that hares have knowledge of their environment such that both forested areas and subarctic mires and heaths are partof its natural home range, whilst the extreme environment on the lake ice is not. During recent decades arctic areas have had an increase in vegetation density andwill be affected by future climate warming and therefore, factors that determineforaging ecology of key herbivores need to be identified. This thesis sheds some light on these factors in relation to spatial scale and forage distribution for two high profile herbivores in the subarctic.

There was conducted a research of European hare spread in Northern Vilnius region, while chosen 5 static areas for research (Verkiu park, Karolinishkiu forest, Vanagines forest, Sheshkines Ozo woodland and Kalnu park), during cold seasons in 2003-2004. The relative spread of European hare was rated quantifiable looking at the animals’ traces in the snow. Steps were counted in the ranges of 100 meters in various kinds of timberlands (firs, bushes, leafy forest, mixed forest, pines). There was noted that European hare lives in various static areas. The highest quantity of hare steps were found in Verkiu and Vanagines forests (0,52 step per 100 meters), lowest – Karolinishkiu park (0,24 step per 100 meters). European hare steps spread by the kind of timberland was the following: highest – bushes 28,7%, lowest – firs 6,1%. Looking for the European hare steps in Northern town areas, the steps nearest to the city centre were found in Sheshkine catchmen area (800 meters from Gedimino street). It is noted, that European hare is meaningful in the aesthetical kind of view and looking at it as a hare sort, it is advisable to preserve it in Vilnius town timberlands as well as open areas.

Inaug-Diss. : Philosophisch-historische Fakultät : Bern ; 1983. - Paru également comme vol. 3 de la coll. "Berner Reihe philosophischer Studien". - Bibliogr. p. 121-137. Index. -

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Renato Guérios / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social. Defesa: Curitiba, 28/06/2016 / Inclui referências : f. 282-290 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como propósito pensar a relação entre contracultura e espiritualidade no Brasil durante o final dos anos 1960 e início de 1970. Mais especificamente buscamos aqui considerar a maneira pela qual a busca espiritual se configurou enquanto um caminho viável como forma de significação da existência para uma pessoa cuja trajetória foi marcada por uma desestruturação profunda. Além disso, proponho aqui uma reflexão sobre o lugar da racionalidade dentro da concepção de transcendência elaborada por essa pessoa ao recorrer à prática espiritual como forma de dar sentido à sua experiência de vida. O propósito dessa pesquisa busca se efetivar mediante um estudo de trajetória do intelectual, artista e pensador Rogério Duarte. Tendo passado por experiências representativas acerca de alguns dos momentos mais críticos de sua geração - como a Tropicália, o CPC da UNE e o Movimento Hare Krishna -, Rogério Duarte apresenta uma trajetória que nos permite tornar mais complexa a compreensão de alguns aspectos da realidade específica da história brasileira, no que concerne à experiência da geração de 1960 e 1970 e sua relação com a contracultura e a espiritualidade. Esse trabalho antropológico - tomando por base influências de áreas como a história e a sociologia - realizou-se principalmente mediante uma intensa pesquisa documental e realização de entrevistas. Palavras-Chave: Rogério Duarte; estudo de trajetória; movimento Hare Krishna / Abstract: This master thesis aims to think about the relationship between spirituality and counterculture in Brazil during the late 1960s and early 1970. In particular we seek here to consider the way in which the spiritual quest was configured as a viable path as a way to recreate the meaning of existence for a person whose career was marked by a profound disruption. In addition, I propose here to make a reflection about the place of rationality in the design of transcendence developed by this person when he resorts to spiritual practice as a way to give meaning to their life experience. The purpose of this research seeks to carry through a study of trajectory of the intellectual, artist and thinker Rogério Duarte. Having gone through representative experiences about some of the most critical moments of his generation - as Tropicália, the CPC of UNE and the Hare Krishna Movement - Rogerio Duarte presents a path that allows us to make more complex understanding of some aspects of the specific reality Brazilian history, regarding the experience of the generation of 1960 and 1970 and its relationship with the counterculture and spirituality. This anthropological work - building on influences from areas such as history and sociology - was held mainly by intensive desk research and interviews. Keywords: Rogério Duarte; trajectory study; Hare Krishna movement

Throughout his career as moral philosopher Hare has insisted that there is a rational way of arriving at substantive moral judgements. Hare develops this view - first presented in ' The language of morals' (1952) and ' Universalizability' (1955) - into the claim that rational agents are required to adopt utilitarian solutions to moral disputes. In ' Freedom and reason ' (1963) this claim is defended with reference to the view that the formal features of moral language (universalizability and prescriptivity)commit moral agents to a certain method of reasoning, and that this method of reasoning, when conjoined with facts about people's desires and preferences, leads us to accept substantive moral judgements consistent with those required by a form of utilitarianism. This view features throughout Hare's subsequent work, but the argument for it undergoes change. This means change in the defence of the claim that the meta-theory Universal Prescriptivism is consistent with a form of normative utilitarian theory, as this claim is argued for in 'Ethical theory and utilitarianism' (1976) and 'Moral Thinking' (1981). I shall endeavour to trace the chronological development of Hare's thinking, and will concentrate on developments in the argument for a theory of act-utilitarianism. I shall argue that the argument for utilitarianism gives rise to two major problems which arise from a specific feature of the argument, namely, the attempt to run the resolution of bi-lateral and multi-lateral cases of conflict along lines analogous to the resolution of conflict in the single-person case. Hare's argument requires that a decision-maker must identify the person with whom he reverses roles as himself, and that he must be prepared to concede that the things his recipient has good reasons for wanting are also reasons for him to want the same things. I argue that it is not possible to make coherent sense of the identity of the person in the reversed-role situation and that the motivational states a decision -maker is expected to deem 'his own' are not properly states of himself. If I am right, the 'identity'-question sits at the root of a motivational gap in Hare's theory.

The theme of the present dissertation is situated in the fields of research of the Metaethics and of the Metajuridics. In these fields of research, we investigate the characteristics of prescriptive discourse (which include the Morals, the Law, and others) and in what aspects this discourse is different from descriptive discourse (which includes sciences like Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, and others). The general problem that orientated the present research is the following: Is possible to use the principles of Logic as instruments to help in the systematization and evaluation of the discourses of Morals and Law? This general problem is divided in two specific problems: 1) What is the logico-semantical nature of the discourses of Morals and Law?; and 2) Can we make practical inferences, in which at least a premise and the conclusion are imperative sentences or norms? These questions get different answers depending on presuppositions adopted and the methods of analysis used. My purpose is to reconstruct, primarily, the answer given by R. M. Hare for these questions, and, secondarily, the answer given by H. Kelsen for these same questions. In the second and fourth chapters, I reconstruct Hare s argumentation in support of the thesis that it is possible to apply directly Logic to imperatives (norms). In third chapter, I reconstruct Kelsen s argumentation in support of the thesis that it is not possible to apply directly Logic to imperatives (norms). / O tema da presente dissertação situa-se nos campos de pesquisa da Metaética e da Metajurídica. Nessas áreas de pesquisa, investiga-se quais são as características do discurso prescritivo (que inclui a Moral, o Direito, entre outros) e em que aspectos esse discurso é diferente do discurso descritivo (que inclui as ciências como Física, Matemática, Química, etc.). O problema geral que norteou a presente pesquisa é o seguinte: É possível usar os princípios da Lógica como instrumentos para auxiliar na sistematização e na avaliação dos discursos da Moral e do Direito? Esse problema geral é dividido em dois problemas específicos, que são os seguintes: 1) Qual é a natureza lógico-semântica do discurso moral e do discurso jurídico?; e 2) É possível construirmos inferências práticas, nas quais aos menos uma das premissas e a conclusão são sentenças imperativas ou normas? Essas questões recebem diferentes respostas dependendo dos pressupostos adotados e dos métodos de análise utilizados. Meu objetivo é reconstruir, principalmente, a resposta que R. M. Hare elaborou para essas questões, e, secundariamente, a resposta que H. Kelsen formulou para tais questões. No segundo e no quarto capítulos, reconstruí a argumentação de Hare em favor da tese de que é possível aplicar a Lógica diretamente aos imperativos (às normas). No terceiro capítulo, reconstruí a argumentação de Kelsen em favor da tese de que não é possível aplicar a Lógica diretamente aos imperativos (às normas).

This dissertation argues that the Aristotelianism of Alasdair MacIntyre is more cogent than the prescriptive realism of John Hare. Chapter 1 introduces the relationship between moral philosophy and apologetics and presents the thesis of the dissertation. Chapter 2 surveys the Aristotelian elements of MacIntyre’s moral philosophy and provides an argument that these aspects of MacIntyre’s philosophy provide his Aristotelianism with significant explanatory scope. Chapter 3 continues an analysis of MacIntyre’s philosophy. The argument of this chapter is that the Thomist elements of MacIntyre’s philosophy further the explanatory scope of his Aristotelianism. The chapter concludes with a response to two major objections. Chapter 4 presents the moral philosophy of John Hare and argues that three areas that appear to provide explanatory scope do not. Chapter 5 summarizes the Kantian elements of John Hare’s moral philosophy. The argument of chapter 6 is that the primary argument of MacIntyre’s moral philosophy is sounder than the primary argument of John Hare’s moral philosophy. Chapter 7 provides the conclusion of the dissertation and explores the implications of MacIntyre’s Aristotelianism for Christian apologetics.

This thesis describes a comprehensive study of the cellular responses of a number of endangered marsupial species with a principal focus on the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) as a model macropod species. The development of in vitro experimental assays for the assessment of immune responses in this model species are described, which provided a set of benchmarks for comparisons with other members of the Macropodidae and with eutherian mammals. Once this data was collected and protocols were established, the study was extended to include investigations of the immune responses in opportunistic samples obtained from the Rufous Hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus), the Long-footed potoroo ( Potorous longipes) and the more common, but nonetheless still vulnerable, Long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) with a view to investigating their apparent susceptibility to infection with intracellular pathogens, particularly mycobacterial species. The findings from the application of these assays suggest that the cellular immune responses of these species are relatively complex and involve a level of sophistication that rivals their eutherian counterparts. Specifically peripheral blood and tissue leukocytes were morphologically similar to those of other mammals, with the exception of tammar wallaby monocytes that appeared to contain few lysosomal granules, and the basophils of the Rufous Hare-wallaby that contained very large atypical granules. The overall findings of this study suggest that the immune systems of macropod species possess most of the sophistication associated with that of eutherian mammals. Whilst some differences were apparent in cells and their products in the test species, no single factor common to all macropods was identified as a cause for immune dysfunction. It appears likely that as yet undefined factors related to their confinement rather than an inherent defect in their immunocapacity is responsible for the apparent disease susceptibility of these animals. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)