HAT-P-30-WASP-51b is a hot-Jupiter exoplanet that orbits an F star every 2.8106 days at a distance of 0.0419 AU. Using the Spitzer Space Telescope in 2012 (Spitzer Program Number 70084) we observed two secondary eclipses at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. We present eclipse-depth measurements of 0.177 ± 0.018 % and 0.247 ± 0.024 % and estimate the infrared brightness temperatures to be 1990 ± 110 K and 2080 ± 130 K for these two channels, respectively, from an analysis using our Photometry for Orbits, Eclipses, and Transits (POET) pipeline. These may be grazing eclipses. We also refine its orbit using our own secondary-eclipse measurements in combination with radial- velocity and transit observations from both professional and amateur observers. Using only the phase of our secondary eclipses, we can constrain e cos(ω) where e is the orbital eccentricity and ω is the argument of periastron to 0.0058 ± 0.00094. This is the component of eccentricity in the plane of view,. This small but non-zero eccentricity is independent of the effects that stellar tides have on radial-velocity data. When including radial velocity data in our model, our Markov chain finds an e cos(ω) of 0.0043 ± 0.0007. We constrain the atmospheric temperature profile using our Bayesian Atmospheric Radiative Transfer code (BART), a large lower bound (700 km) for the scale height, and the potential for high quality transit spectroscopy observations.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur åtta journalister vid lokala medieföretag i Sverige påverkas av hot och hat i sitt yrke och hur de ser på självcensur. Åtta journalister från olika lokalmedier runt om i Sverige har intervjuats genom kvalitativa intervjuer och resultatet visar att kvinnliga journalister upplever mer frekventa och allvarliga hot jämfört med sina manliga kollegor, men det rapporterades inte om fysiskt våld direkt relaterat till deras yrke. Journalisterna visade generellt brist på rädsla för konflikter eller repressalier trots näthat och skrämmande situationer. De betonade sitt åtagande för den journalistiska integriteten och korrektheten. De visade också en stark vilja att undvika självcensur och upprätthålla journalistikens etik och pressfrihet, även när de erkände potentiella påtryckningar från arbetsgivare eller externa krafter. Sammanfattningsvis belyser studien det komplexa samspel mellan journalistikens integritet, yttre påtryckningar och det förändrade medielandskapet och ger insikt om utmaningarna och möjligheterna som journalisterna står inför i dagens samhälle.

La Fibrose Pulmonaire Idiopathique (FPI) est une pathologie pulmonaire chronique, progressive, irréversible et mortelle, dont les thérapeutiques sont insuffisantes à ce jour. L'activation de la cascade de la coagulation et des protéases à sérine, délétère dans la progression des maladies pulmonaires chroniques, est une caractéristique de la pathologie. Récemment, un lien a été démontré entre Protease-Activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2), un récepteur cellulaire ubiquitaire, et la progression de la fibrose pulmonaire chez l'homme et la souris. Outre certains facteurs de la coagulation, PAR-2 semble aussi pouvoir être activé par des protéases appartenant à la famille récemment identifiée des Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases (TTSPs), dont la matriptase et la Human Airway Trypsin-like protease (HAT). Leur rôle dans la fibrogénèse pulmonaire humaine et expérimentale est cependant encore inconnu.Nos travaux montrent pour la première fois qu'il existe une dérégulation de l'expression et de l'activité de ces protéases de la famille des TTSPs chez le patient FPI. In vitro, la matriptase induit des réponses pro-fibrosantes dans les fibroblastes pulmonaires primaires humains via l'activation de PAR-2, tandis que la HAT induit des réponses anti-fibrosantes dans ces cellules et une activation de la voie de la prostaglandine E2. Ces deux TTSPs sont ainsi différemment impliquées dans la fibrogénèse pulmonaire : in vivo, l'inhibition génétique et pharmacologique de la matriptase atténue la fibrose dans le modèle murin de fibrose pulmonaire induite par la bléomycine, et des résultats similaires sont observés suite à la surexpression de la HAT médiée par adénovirus dans ce modèle animal. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus dans ce travail de thèse permet de documenter l'implication de deux protéases à sérine, la matriptase et la HAT, dans la pathogénèse de la FPI et de définir des axes de recherche thérapeutique potentiels / Idiopathie Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, irreversible and mortal disease. Therapeutics options that improve the clinical outcome of IPF are limited. Coagulation proteinases and coagulation signaling deregulation, which influences several key inflammatory and fibroproliferative responses, is essential in IPF. Recently, Protease-Activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2) was shown to be involved in pulmonary fibrogenesis, both in Human and in mice. In addition to coagulation factors, PAR-2 can be activated by serine proteases of the emerging Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases (TTSPs) family, including matriptase and the Human Airway Trypsin-like protease (HAT). Herein we explored the role of matriptase and HAT in the progression of human and experimental pulmonary fibrosis.Our data show that TTSPs matriptase and HAT pulmonary expression and activity are deregulated in patients with IPF. In vitro, matriptase induces PAR-2 dependent pro-fibrotic responses in primary human lung fibroblasts, whereas HAT induces anti-fibrotic effects in these cells, through the activation of prostaglandin E2 pathway. These TTSPs are differently involved in pulmonary fibrogenesis: in vivo, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of matriptase reduces fibrosis in the bleomycin induced lung fibrosis model, while an adenovirus-mediated HAT overexpression in the murine model leads also to a limited lung fibrosis. Here, we highlight the involvement of matriptase and HAT in the pathogenesis of IPF and explore potential therapeutics for lung fibrosis

Dizertačná práca je zameraná na štúdium a analýzu rozloženia optickej intenzity v laserovom zväzku v rovine vysielacej (TXA) a prijímacej apertúry (RXA), ktorý podlieha zmenám ako pri šírení voľným priestorom, tak pri šírení atmosférou. Cieľom práce je nájsť optimálne rozloženie optickej intezity v rovine vysielacej apertúry, ktoré bude minimálne ovplyvnené apertúrou vysielača a atmosférickými turbulenciami. Za účelom analýzy šírenia optickej vlny atmosférou bola využitá simulácia založená na metóde Split-Step. Šírenie Flattened Gaussian zväzku bolo analyzované pre režim slabých a stredných turbulencií. Práca sa zaoberá použitím multimódového vlákna s veľkým priemerom jadra ako tvarujúceho elementu a obsahuje návrh refrakčného tvarovača, pomocou ktorého je možno konvertovať Gaussovský zväzok na zväzok s uniformným rozložením optickej intenzity. Nakoniec je pomocou získaných poznatkov zostavený plne fotonický vysielač a prijímač, ktorých použitie spočíva v generovaní a príjmaní optickej koherentnej vlny prenášajúcej presnú fázu.

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We investigate binary hypotheses for the formation of bipolar nebulae using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics code Gadget-2. In the general case, we present a parameter study of mass loss from very simple common envelope models, which seems to show a strongly bipolar trend for sufficiently oblate envelopes and low enough spiral-in injection energy. The density profiles of the envelopes produce differing structure within the ejecta. We also investigate 3 specific bipolar mass loss events. In the case of the outer nebula of SN 1987A, we study the effects of fast polar jets interacting with a pre- existing progenitor wind and find that these are consistent with the observed light echoes from the nebula, in particular for the feature known as ’Napoleon’s Hat’. In the case of Cas A, we briefly study the effects of close binarity on supernova ejecta and suggest the influence of a close, compact companion may lead to at least one jet-like disturbance that may be observable in a supernova remnant. Finally, we study whether a fast bipolar wind, similar to that of Eta Car’s present wind, may inflate ejecta similar to that produced in the common envelope models to a shape consistent with that of Eta Car’s Homunculus Nebula.

We present in this thesis three distinct experiments, studying issues in behavioural economics and finan- cial market. In the first paper, we study the level-k reasoning model in an experimental extension of Arad and Rubinsten (2012) “11-20 Money Request Game”. In the second paper, we introduce an experimental design where traders can buy or sell the rights for performing complex decisional task. The design seeks to test the allocative efficiency of markets. In the third paper, we introduce an Arrow-Debreu market where traders have diverse and partial information about the true state of nature. The design seeks to test the Rational Expectations model’s prediction that all relevant information will be aggregated into market prices.

This work deals with the valuation of the Tonak company. My endeavor was that this thesis cover all facts that are absolutely necessary for real appraisal form. The introduction to the work is theoretical, and is supposed to acquaint its readers with the methods of valuation. Based on this fact, the work should thus be understood by those who have only basic knowledge of accounting. Another chapter of the "object of valuation" focuses on a particular company. This chapter should familiarize people who have never heard about this company before with basic information about the structure and accounting rules of the Tonak company. In the financial analysis we look closely at the individual financial statements for the years 2005 - 2009 and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the financial aspects of company. The most important data will be compared with major competitors. The strategic analysis is divided into two parts. Analysis of external potential and analysis of internal potential. The external analysis focuses on the relevant market in terms of product and customer, and based on historical data and expert estimates attempts to predict the development of the market's revenue as a whole. On the other hand, the section on analysis of internal potential strives to predict Tonak's revenue compared against other companies in the sector. Based on these analyses, I am providing the estimated revenues of TONAK for the first and second stage. The next chapter is called "Generators values." These generators allow me to map out the complete financial plan for the next five years. The final section is devoted to the own valuation of Tonak. As the main method I chose DCF APV, which is the least common, though I believe its expression value is one of the best. As a supplementary method is used the market comparison method, which is compulsory in the Czech Republic despite its limited amount of data which, however, leads to limited expressibility.

Cell surface saccharides are involved in a variety of essential biological events. Fluorescent sensors for saccharides can be used for detection, diagnosis, analysis and monitoring of pathological processes. The boronic acid functional group is known to bind strongly and reversibly to compounds with diol groups, which are commonly found on saccharides. Sensors that have been developed for the purpose of saccharide recognition have shown great potential. However, they are very hydrophobic and this lack of essential water-solubility makes them useful in biological applications. The first section of this dissertation details the process of developing water-soluble saccharide sensors that change fluorescent properties upon binding to saccharides. The second section of the dissertation focuses on the development of DNA-minor groove binders as antiparasitical agents. Parasitical diseases comprise some of the world’s largest health problems and yet current medication and treatments for these parasitical diseases are often difficult to administer, costly to the patients, and have disruptive side effects. Worse yet, these parasites are developing drug resistance, thus creating an urgent need for new treatments. Dicationic molecules constitute a class of antimicrobial drug candidates that possess high activity against various parasites. The second section details the development of a series of di-cationic agents that were then screened in in vitro activities against parasitical species.

Background: Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) also called sleeping sickness is an infectious disease in humans caused by an extracellular protozoan parasite. The disease, if left untreated, results in 100% mortality. Currently available drugs are full of severe drawbacks and fail to escape the fast development of trypanosoma resistance. Due to similarities in cell metabolism between cancerous tumors and trypanosoma cells, some of the current registered drugs against HAT have also been tested in cancer chemotherapy. Here we demonstrate for the first time that the simple ester, ethyl pyruvate, comprises such properties. Results: The current study covers the efficacy and corresponding target evaluation of ethyl pyruvate on T. brucei cell lines using a combination of biochemical techniques including cell proliferation assays, enzyme kinetics, phasecontrast microscopic video imaging and ex vivo toxicity tests. We have shown that ethyl pyruvate effectively kills trypanosomes most probably by net ATP depletion through inhibition of pyruvate kinase (Ki = 3.0±0.29 mM). The potential of ethyl pyruvate as a trypanocidal compound is also strengthened by its fast acting property, killing cells within three hours post exposure. This has been demonstrated using video imaging of live cells as well as concentration and time dependency experiments. Most importantly, ethyl pyruvate produces minimal side effects in human red cells and is known to easily cross the blood-brain-barrier. This makes it a promising candidate for effective treatment of the two clinical stages of sleeping sickness. Trypanosome drug-resistance tests indicate irreversible cell death and a low incidence of resistance development under experimental conditions. Conclusion: Our results present ethyl pyruvate as a safe and fast acting trypanocidal compound and show that it inhibits the enzyme pyruvate kinase. Competitive inhibition of this enzyme was found to cause ATP depletion and cell death. Due to its ability to easily cross the bloodbrain- barrier, ethyl pyruvate could be considered as new candidate agent to treat the hemolymphatic as well as neurological stages of sleeping sickness.