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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

Qualitative study exploring the design of a patient-reported symptom-based risk stratification system for suspected head and neck cancer referrals: protocol for work packages 1 and 2 within the EVEREST-HN programme

Albutt, A., Hardman, J., McVey, Lynn, Odo, Chinasa, Paleri, V., Patterson, J., Webb, S., Rousseau, N., Kellar, I., Randell, Rebecca 05 April 2024 (has links)
Yes / Introduction: Between 2009/2010 and 2019/2020, England witnessed an increase in suspected head and neck cancer (sHNC) referrals from 140 to 404 patients per 100 000 population. 1 in 10 patients are not seen within the 2-week target, contributing to patient anxiety. We will develop a pathway for sHNC referrals, based on the Head and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator. The evolution of a patient-reported symptom-based risk stratification system to redesign the sHNC referral pathway (EVEREST-HN) Programme comprises six work packages (WPs). This protocol describes WP1 and WP2. WP1 will obtain an understanding of language to optimise the SYmptom iNput Clinical (SYNC) system patient-reported symptom questionnaire for sHNC referrals and outline requirements for the SYNC system. WP2 will codesign key elements of the SYNC system, including the SYNC Questionnaire, and accompanying behaviour change materials. Methods and analysis: WP1 will be conducted at three acute National Health Service (NHS) trusts with variation in service delivery models and ensuring a broad mixture of social, economic and cultural backgrounds of participants. Up to 150 patients with sHNC (n=50 per site) and 15 clinicians (n=5 per site) will be recruited. WP1 will use qualitative methods including interviews, observation and recordings of consultations. Rapid qualitative analysis and inductive thematic analysis will be used to analyse the data. WP2 will recruit lay patient representatives to participate in online focus groups (n=8 per focus group), think-aloud technique and experience-based codesign and will be analysed using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Ethics and dissemination: The committee for clinical research at The Royal Marsden, a research ethics committee and the Health Research Authority approved this protocol. All participants will give informed consent. Ethical issues of working with patients on an urgent cancer diagnostic pathway have been considered. Findings will be disseminated via journal publications, conference presentations and public engagement activities. / This work was supported by NIHR Programme Grants for Applied Research (grant number: NIHR202862).
232

Intermittent PI3Ko inhibition sustains anti-tumor immunity and curbs irAEs

Eschweiler, S., Ramirez-Suastegui, C., Li, Y., King, E., Chudley, L., Thomas, J., Wood, O., von Witzleben, A., Jeffrey, D., McCann, K., Simon, H., Mondal, M., Wang, A., Dicker, M., Lopez-Guadamillas, E., Chou, T.-F., Dobbs, N.A., Essame, L., Acton, G., Kelly, F., Halbert, G., Sacco, J.J., Schache, A.G., Shaw, R., McCaul, J.A., Paterson, C., Davies, J.H., Brennan, Peter A., Singh, R.P., Loadman, Paul, Wilson, W., Hackshaw, A., Seumois, G., Okkenhaug, K., Thomas, G.J., Jones, T.M., Ay, F., Friberg, G., Kronenberg, M., Vanhaesebroeck, B., Vijayananad, P., Ottensmeier, C.H. 04 May 2022 (has links)
Yes / Phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) has a key role in lymphocytes, and inhibitors that target this PI3K have been approved for treatment of B cell malignancies1–3. Although studies in mouse models of solid tumours have demonstrated that PI3Kδ inhibitors (PI3Kδi) can induce anti-tumour immunity4,5, its effect on solid tumours in humans remains unclear. Here we assessed the effects of the PI3Kδi AMG319 in human patients with head and neck cancer in a neoadjuvant, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized phase II trial (EudraCT no. 2014-004388-20). PI3Kδ inhibition decreased the number of tumour-infiltrating regulatory T (Treg) cells and enhanced the cytotoxic potential of tumour-infiltrating T cells. At the tested doses of AMG319, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) required treatment to be discontinued in 12 out of 21 of patients treated with AMG319, suggestive of systemic effects on Treg cells. Accordingly, in mouse models, PI3Kδi decreased the number of Treg cells systemically and caused colitis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a PI3Kδi-driven loss of tissue-resident colonic ST2 Treg cells, accompanied by expansion of pathogenic T helper 17 (TH17) and type 17 CD8+ T (TC17) cells, which probably contributed to toxicity; this points towards a specific mode of action for the emergence of irAEs. A modified treatment regimen with intermittent dosing of PI3Kδi in mouse models led to a significant decrease in tumour growth without inducing pathogenic T cells in colonic tissue, indicating that alternative dosing regimens might limit toxicity. / Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, May 2022.
233

Hypoxia modulates CCR7 expression in head and neck cancers

Basheer, Haneen A., Pakanavicius, E., Cooper, Patricia A., Shnyder, Steven, Martin, L., Hunter, K.D., Vinader, Victoria, Afarinkia, Kamyar 04 April 2018 (has links)
Yes / The chemokine receptor CCR7 is expressed on lymphocytes and dendritic cells and is responsible for trafficking of these cells in and out of secondary lymphoid organs. It has recently been shown that CCR7 expression is elevated in a number of cancers, including head and neck cancers, and that its expression correlates to lymph node (LN) metastasis. However, little is known about the factors that can induce CCR7 expression in head and neck cancers. We compared the protein expression and functional responses of CCR7 under normoxia and hypoxia in head and neck cancer cell lines OSC-19, FaDu, SCC-4, A-253 and Detroit-562 cultured as monolayers, spheroids, and grown in vivo as xenografts in balb/c mice. In addition, we analysed the correlation between hypoxia marker HIF-1α and CCR7 expression in a tissue microarray comprising 80 clinical samples with various stages and grades of malignant tumour and normal tissue. Under hypoxia, the expression of CCR7 is elevated in both in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, in malignant tissue, a correlation is observed between hypoxia marker HIF-1α and CCR7 across all clinical stages. This correlation is also strong in early histological grade of tumours. Hypoxia plays a role in the regulation of the expression of CCR7 and it may contribute to the development of a metastatic phenotype in head and neck cancers through this axis.
234

Factors Influencing the Survival Rate of Teeth and Implants in Patients after Tumor Therapy to the Head and Neck Region: Part 1: Tooth Survival

Schweyen, Ramona, Reich, Waldemar, Vordermark, Dirk, Kuhnt, Thomas, Wienke, Andreas, Hey, Jeremias 19 June 2024 (has links)
We aimed to evaluate possible factors influencing the long-term survival of teeth after tumor therapy to the head and neck region with and without radiation. Between January 2019 and January 2020, patients who underwent for head and neck cancer and received dental treatment before and after at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the Martin Luther University Halle- Wittenberg were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination with assessment of dental status and stimulated salivary flow rate (SFR) was performed and information about disease progression and therapy was retrieved from medical records. Of 118 patients (male: 70.3%; mean age: 63.2 12.4 years), 95 received radiotherapy (RT), and 47 were administered radio-chemotherapy (RCT). The teeth of irradiated patients exhibited a lower 5-year survival probability (74.2%) than those of nonirradiated patients (89.4%). The risk of loss (RL) after RT increased with nicotine use, presence of intraoral defects, reduced SFR, RCT and regarding mandibular teeth, and decreased with crowning following. Lower SFR increased the RL even without RT. Consideration of patient’s treatment history, individual risk profile, and clinical findings during the prosthetic planning phase could enable earlier, more targeted dental treatment after (e.g., timely crowning).
235

Posttraumatische Reifung und Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Plattenepithelkarzinomen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich – Eine retrospektive Analyse / Posttraumatic Growth and Quality of Life in patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma - A retrospective analysis

Leonhard, Johanna Josephine 16 May 2019 (has links)
No description available.
236

Análise de Polimorfismos de Nucleotídeos Únicos (SNPs) em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço.

Ruiz, Mariangela Torreglosa 08 October 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariangelatorreglosaruiz_tese.pdf: 5118416 bytes, checksum: 568e4181937cd4c3e46fab3bfad62076 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-08 / Head and neck cancer is responsible for a high death rate. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common variation of human genome and can be associated to the molecular basis of cancer. Objectives: To establish the incidence of this disease in the Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Service of Hospital de Base in São José do Rio Preto; to investigate the frequency of SNPs in the MTR, VEGF, KiSS-1, NINJ1, TAX1BP1 and LAD1 genes in head and neck cancer patients and a control population; to evaluate the association of these polymorphisms with smoking, alcoholism, gender and age and to verify the association between polymorphisms and clinicopathological features of the disease. Subjects and Methods: The epidemiological data of head and neck cancer patients consulted in the Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Service in the period from 2000 to 2005 were analyzed. Eight hundred and five individuals (254 head and neck cancer patients and 551 controls) were included in the study for molecular investigation. The molecular analyses were performed with genomic DNA utilizing Real Time PCR (VEGF gene), PCR-SSCP (KiSS-1 gene), PCR RFLP (MTR, NINJ1 and TAX1BP1 genes) and automatic sequencing (LAD 1 gene) techniques. Results: An analysis of epidemiological data shows a prevalence of men (86%), smokers (83%) and alcoholics (77.95%). The most common primary tumor site was the oral cavity (35.37%). Statistical differences were found in the MTR A2756G polymorphism distribution (OR = 1.69; CI 95% 1.09-2.62; p = 0.019) by molecular analysis between patients and controls. On analyzing the primary tumor site, an increased frequency of KISS-1 polymorphic alleles was identified in laryngeal cancer (OR = 2.32; 95% CI 1.12 4.82; p = 0.02); an increased frequency of the NINJ1 polymorphism was found in oral cavity cancer (OR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.05-3.30; p = 0.03) and a decreased frequency in laryngeal cancer (OR = 0.40; 95% CI 0.22-0.74; p = 0.003); and an increase of the TAX1BP1 gene polymorphism was seen in oral cavity cancer (OR = 2.25; 95% CI 1.20-4.21; p = 0.01). A decreased frequency of the VEGF gene polymorphism was observed in advanced (T3 and T4) tumors (OR = 0.36; CI 95% 0.14-0.93; p = 0.0345) and a lower frequency of the LAD1 polymorphism in stage III and IV tumors (OR = 0.39 95% CI 0.18-0.83; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Head and neck cancer is more frequent in men, smokers and alcoholics with the most common primary tumor site being the oral cavity. MTR A2756G is associated with head and neck cancer. There is evidence of an association between this polymorphism and smoking, alcoholism, gender and age. There is also evidence of an association between the KiSS-1 gene polymorphism and laryngeal cancer, of NINJ1 and TAX1BP1 polymorphisms in oral cavity tumors, lower frequencies of the VEGF polymorphism in T3 and T4 tumors and the LAD1 polymorphism in stage III and IV tumors. / O câncer de cabeça e pescoço é responsável por uma alta incidência de óbitos. Os polimorfismos de nucleotídeos únicos (SNPs) constituem a variação mais comum do genoma humano e podem estar associados à base molecular do câncer. Objetivo: Estabelecer a incidência da doença no Serviço Ambulatorial de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço do Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto; investigar a freqüência de SNPs nos genes MTR, VEGF, KiSS-1, NINJ1, TAX1BP1 e LAD1 em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço e em uma população controle; avaliar a associação dos polimorfismos com os hábitos tabagista e etilista, gênero e idade e verificar a associação entre os polimorfismos e os parâmetros clínicos da doença. Casuística e Método: Foram analisados os dados epidemiológicos de pacientes atendidos no Serviço Ambulatorial de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço do Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, no período de 2000 a 2005. Para a investigação molecular foram incluídos no estudo 805 indivíduos (254 pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço e 551 controles). A análise molecular foi realizada com DNA genômico, e foram utilizadas as técnicas de PCR em Tempo Real (gene VEGF), PCR-SSCP (gene KiSS-1), PCR-RFLP (genes MTR, NINJ1 e TAX1BP1) e seqüenciamento automático (gene LAD1). Resultados: A análise dos dados epidemiológicos mostrou predominância de pacientes do sexo masculino (86%), hábitos tabagista (83%) e etilista (77,95%). O sítio anatômico primário mais freqüente foi a cavidade oral (35,37 %). Na análise molecular, foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas na distribuição do polimorfismo MTR A2756G (OR = 1,69; IC 95% 1,09-2,62; p = 0,019) entre pacientes e controles. Para o sítio anatômico primário do tumor, foi encontrada uma freqüência aumentada do alelo polimórfico na laringe (OR = 2,32; IC 95% 1,12 4,82; p = 0,02) para o gene KiSS-1; uma freqüência aumentada do polimorfismo para NINJ1 em cavidade oral (OR = 1,86; IC 95% 1,05 -3,30; p = 0,03) e reduzida na laringe (OR = 0,40 IC 95% 0,22-0,74; p =0,003) e um aumento da freqüência do polimorfismo para o gene TAX1BP1 na cavidade oral (OR =2,25; IC 95% 1,20-4,21; p =0,01). Foi observada uma menor freqüência do polimorfismo do gene VEGF em tumores com extensão T3 e T4 (OR = 0,36; IC 95% 0,14 0,93; p = 0,0345) e uma freqüência menor do polimorfismo do gene LAD1 em tumores com estádios III e IV (OR = 0,39 IC 95% 0,18-0,83; p = 0,01). Conclusões: O câncer de cabeça e pescoço é mais freqüente em homens, em indivíduos com hábitos tabagista e etilista e o sítio anatômico primário mais representativo é a cavidade oral. O genótipo MTR A2756G está associado ao câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Não há evidência de associação entre os polimorfismos e os hábitos tabagista, etilista, gênero e idade. Há evidências de associação entre o polimorfismo do gene KiSS-1 e laringe, entre os polimorfismos dos genes NINJ1 e TAX1BP1 e cavidade oral, e uma menor freqüência dos polimorfismos do genes VEGF em tumores com extensão T3 e T4 e LAD1 em tumores com estádios III e IV.
237

Avaliação epidemiológica de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço em um Hospital Universitário do Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo.

Ruback, Mauricio José Cabral 13 December 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mauriciojosecabralruback_dissert.pdf: 5807633 bytes, checksum: a0c4cdc248961c9493b92c90b20f7705 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-13 / The head and neck surgery service assist patients with malignant tumors of upper aero digestive tract, skin and thyroid. Head and neck cancer is currently the fifth most worldwide common cancer and despite advances in conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the survival rate has not changed in the last three decades. In Brazil, estimatives shows 14.120 new cases of oral cavity cancer in 2010, with 3.790 women and 10.330 men. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological parameters in patients with cancer assisted by head and neck surgery service at the University Hospital of northwest region of São Paulo. Casuistic and Methods: Were retrospectively evaluated medical records of 1.351 patients of head and neck surgery service from january 2000 to may 2010. The variables analyzed were: age, gender, skin color, tobacco and alcohol consumption, primary site, staging and histologic type of tumor, treatment, number of deaths and occupational activity of patients assisted by head and neck surgery service. Results: The disease was more frequent in men (79.70%), smokers (75.15%) and etilist (58.25%). The most frequents sites were oral cavity (29.65%) and larynx (24.12%). The most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (84.92%) and 29.04% of individuals had as treatment surgical and 14,19 % radiotherapy Conclusions: This cancer type occurs more common in men smokers and etilists. The primary sites more incident for the patients service are oral cavity and larynx. The high rate of patients with stages III and IV indicates a late diagnosis by the treatment centers, which reflects the need for prevention education campaigns for early diagnosis of the disease. / O serviço de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço atende pacientes com tumores malignos do trato aéreo digestivo superior, de pele e tireóide. O tumor maligno de cabeça e pescoço é atualmente a quinta neoplasia mais comum de todo o mundo e apesar dos avanços em terapias convencionais, incluindo cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia, a taxa de sobrevida não mudou nas ultimas três décadas. No Brasil, as estimativas revelam 14.120 casos novos de câncer de cavidade oral para 2010, sendo que 3.790 em mulheres e 10.330 em homens. Objetivos: Avaliar os parâmetros clínicos e epidemiológicos em pacientes com câncer atendidos no serviço de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço em um Hospital Universitário da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo. Casuística e Método: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente prontuários médicos de 1.351 pacientes do serviço de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço no período de janeiro de 2000 a maio de 2010. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade, gênero, cor da pele, hábitos tabagista e etilista, sítio primário, estadiamento, tipo histológico do tumor, tratamento, número de óbitos e atividade ocupacional dos pacientes atendidos no serviço de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço. Resultados: Esta doença foi mais frequente em homens (79,70%), tabagistas (75,15%) e elitistas (58,25%). Os sítios primários mais freqüentes foram cavidade oral (29,65%) e laringe (24,12%). O carcinoma espinocelular foi o tipo histológico (84,92%) mais comum e 29,04% dos indivíduos tiveram a cirurgia como tratamento e 14,19% radioterapia. Conclusões: Este tipo de neoplasia é mais freqüente em homens tabagistas e etilistas. Os sítios primários mais acometidos nos pacientes do serviço são cavidade oral e laringe. A alta taxa de pacientes com estadios III e IV indica uma procura tardia dos centros de tratamento, o que reflete a necessidade de campanhas de prevenção educativas para o diagnóstico precoce da doença.
238

Avaliação de polimorfismos envolvidos no metabolismo do folato em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço. / Avaliação de polimorfismos envolvidos no metabolismo do folato em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço.

Galbiatti, Ana Lívia Silva 24 September 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 analiviasilvagalbiatti_dissert.pdf: 5592872 bytes, checksum: fdca0cebd9505cc0ed6bc31954c386de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-24 / O carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço pode ser decorrente de alterações na metilação do DNA associadas ao metabolismo anormal do folato. Concentrações reduzidas desse nutriente podem diminuir a capacidade de reparo do DNA, resultando em alterações celulares malignas que modulam a função e expressão dos genes. Polimorfismos em genes que participam da via do folato têm sido investigados como fatores de risco para susceptibilidade ao carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço, entre eles, polimorfismos nos genes MTR, RFC1, CBS e MTHFR. Objetivos: Estabelecer a freqüência dos polimorfismos nos genes MTR (A2756G), RFC1(A80G), CBS (844 ins 68) e MTHFR (C677T e A1298C) em pacientes com carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço comparando-a com aquela observada em indivíduos sem história de neoplasia; avaliar a associação dos polimorfismos com os hábitos tabagista e etilista, gênero e idade e verificar associação entre os polimorfismos e parâmetros clínico-histopatológicos. Casuística e Método: Foram incluídos no estudo 854 indivíduos (322 pacientes com carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço e 531 indivíduos controles). Para análise molecular, o DNA genômico foi extraído a partir de leucócitos de sangue periférico e as técnicas de reação em cadeia da polimerase e digestão enzimática foram utilizadas para genotipagem dos indivíduos estudados. Os dados sócio-demográficos foram obtidos a partir do prontuário médico do paciente e entrevista realizada aos indivíduos controle. Para análise estatística foi utilizado os testes de qui-quadrado e regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: Em relação ao polimorfismo MTR A2756G, os resultados mostraram que os hábitos tabagista e etilista, idade acima de 42 anos, gênero masculino, genótipo 2756AG e alelo polimórfico 2756G podem aumentar o risco de carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço (p<0,05). Houve alta freqüência do alelo MTR 2756G em pacientes do gênero masculino (p<0,05). A avaliação do polimorfismo RFC1 A80G mostrou que gênero masculino, hábito tabagista e genótipos RFC1 80AG ou GG foram associados com risco aumentado da doença. O polimorfismo CBS 844ins68 não foi associado com o risco de carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço e houve alta freqüência dessa variante em pacientes que possuíam como sítio primário a cavidade oral. A análise para os polimorfismos no gene MTHFR (C677T e A1298C) mostrou que idade avançada, gênero masculino, hábitos tabagista e etilista, genótipos MTHFR 1298AC ou CC e genótipos combinados MTHFR 677CT/1298AC, 677TT/1298AC, 677CT/1298CC e 677TT/1298CC foram associados com aumento de risco para o carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço (p<0,05). Houve freqüência maior do que esperada do haplótipo MTHFR 677C-1298A e freqüência menor que esperada dos haplótipos 677T-1298C e 677C- 1298C em ambos grupos (p<0,05). O polimorfismo MTHFR A1298C foi mais freqüente em pacientes que possuíam como sítio primário a cavidade oral. Conclusões: O carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço é mais frequente em homens, com idade acima de 42 anos, fumantes e etilistas. Os polimorfismos MTR A2756G, RFC1 A80G, MTHFR A1298C e os polimorfismos combinados A1298C e C677T do gene MTHFR podem modular o risco para o carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço. / O carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço pode ser decorrente de alterações na metilação do DNA associadas ao metabolismo anormal do folato. Concentrações reduzidas desse nutriente podem diminuir a capacidade de reparo do DNA, resultando em alterações celulares malignas que modulam a função e expressão dos genes. Polimorfismos em genes que participam da via do folato têm sido investigados como fatores de risco para susceptibilidade ao carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço, entre eles, polimorfismos nos genes MTR, RFC1, CBS e MTHFR. Objetivos: Estabelecer a freqüência dos polimorfismos nos genes MTR (A2756G), RFC1(A80G), CBS (844 ins 68) e MTHFR (C677T e A1298C) em pacientes com carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço comparando-a com aquela observada em indivíduos sem história de neoplasia; avaliar a associação dos polimorfismos com os hábitos tabagista e etilista, gênero e idade e verificar associação entre os polimorfismos e parâmetros clínico-histopatológicos. Casuística e Método: Foram incluídos no estudo 854 indivíduos (322 pacientes com carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço e 531 indivíduos controles). Para análise molecular, o DNA genômico foi extraído a partir de leucócitos de sangue periférico e as técnicas de reação em cadeia da polimerase e digestão enzimática foram utilizadas para genotipagem dos indivíduos estudados. Os dados sócio-demográficos foram obtidos a partir do prontuário médico do paciente e entrevista realizada aos indivíduos controle. Para análise estatística foi utilizado os testes de qui-quadrado e regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: Em relação ao polimorfismo MTR A2756G, os resultados mostraram que os hábitos tabagista e etilista, idade acima de 42 anos, gênero masculino, genótipo 2756AG e alelo polimórfico 2756G podem aumentar o risco de carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço (p<0,05). Houve alta freqüência do alelo MTR 2756G em pacientes do gênero masculino (p<0,05). A avaliação do polimorfismo RFC1 A80G mostrou que gênero masculino, hábito tabagista e genótipos RFC1 80AG ou GG foram associados com risco aumentado da doença. O polimorfismo CBS 844ins68 não foi associado com o risco de carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço e houve alta freqüência dessa variante em pacientes que possuíam como sítio primário a cavidade oral. A análise para os polimorfismos no gene MTHFR (C677T e A1298C) mostrou que idade avançada, gênero masculino, hábitos tabagista e etilista, genótipos MTHFR 1298AC ou CC e genótipos combinados MTHFR 677CT/1298AC, 677TT/1298AC, 677CT/1298CC e 677TT/1298CC foram associados com aumento de risco para o carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço (p<0,05). Houve freqüência maior do que esperada do haplótipo MTHFR 677C-1298A e freqüência menor que esperada dos haplótipos 677T-1298C e 677C- 1298C em ambos grupos (p<0,05). O polimorfismo MTHFR A1298C foi mais freqüente em pacientes que possuíam como sítio primário a cavidade oral. Conclusões: O carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço é mais frequente em homens, com idade acima de 42 anos, fumantes e etilistas. Os polimorfismos MTR A2756G, RFC1 A80G, MTHFR A1298C e os polimorfismos combinados A1298C e C677T do gene MTHFR podem modular o risco para o carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço.
239

Vismodegib – Inhibitor des Hedgehog-Signaltransduktionsweges – in der ex-vivo-Chemoresponsetestung bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren

Liebig, Hannes 28 September 2023 (has links)
Purpose: The Hedgehog-signalling pathway (Hh) is frequently active in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Overexpressed Hh associates with poor prognosis. The Hh inhibitor vismodegib targets smoothened (SMO) and, based on molecular data, may prevent resistance to EGFR targeting. Methods: To elucidate potential roles of vismodegib in HNSCC therapy, its sole effects and those combined with cisplatin, docetaxel, and cetuximab on HNSCC cell lines were assessed by MTT metabolisation and BrdU incorporation. Colony formation (CF) of primary HNSCC cells was studied utilizing the FLAVINO-protocol. Combinatory effects were analysed regarding antagonism, additivity or synergism. Associations between the ex vivo detected mode of action of vismodegib with other treatments related to patient characteristics were assessed and progression-free survival (PFS) in patient groups compared using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Vismodegib suppressed BrdU incorporation significantly stronger than MTT turnover; CF was significantly inhibited at ≥20 µM vismodegib while concentrations <20 µM acted hormetic. Combining 20 µM vismodegib plus docetaxel (T), cisplatin (P), and cetuximab (E), additively enhanced antitumoral activity in HNSCC samples from patients with superior PFS highlighting a potential role for ex-vivo testing of this combination for use as a prognostic classifier. Conclusion: We provide ex-vivo evidence for vismodegib’s potential in HNSCC therapies especially if combined with cetuximab, cisplatin and docetaxel.:Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1 Kopf-Hals-Tumore 1.1.1 Therapie von Kopf-Hals-TumoreN 1.1.2 Limitationen der etablierten Therapien 1.2 Eingesetzte Chemotherapeutika 1.2.1 Cisplatin 1.2.2 Docetaxel 1.2.3 Cetuximab 1.3 Hedgehog-Signaltransduktionsweg 1.3.1 Hedgehog-Signalweg und Karzinogenese 1.3.2 Vermittlung von Tumortherapieresistenz durch den Hedgehog-Signalweg 1.3.3 Zielgerichtete Tumortherapie durch Blockade des Hedgehog-Signalweges 1.4 Vismodegib 1.5 Ex-Vivo-Chemoresponse-Testung mittels FLAVINO-Assay 1.6 Zusammenfassung der Rationale der Untersuchung 1.7 Aufgabenstellung der Promotionsarbeit 2 Publikation 2.1 Reduzierte Proliferation und Koloniebildung von Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf Hals Region unter dualer Inhibition des EGFR- und Hedgehog-Signalweges 3 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 4 Literaturverzeichnis 5 Anlagen 5.1 Darstellung des Eigenanteils 5.2 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 5.3 Lebenslauf 5.4 Publikationen 5.5 Danksagung
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Standardized Diagnostics Including PET-CT Imaging, Bilateral Tonsillectomy and Neck Dissection Followed by Risk-Adapted Post-Operative Treatment Favoring Radio-Chemotherapy Improve Survival of Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Patients

Wichmann, Gunnar, Willner, Maria, Kuhnt, Thomas, Kluge, Regine, Gradistanac, Tanja, Wald, Theresa, Fest, Sandra, Lordick, Florian, Dietz, Andreas, Wiegand, Susanne, Zebralla, Veit 28 March 2023 (has links)
Background: About five to 10% of cancers in the head and neck region are neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (NSCCUP). Their diagnosis and treatment are challenging given the risk of missing occult tumors and potential relapse. Recently, we described human papillomavirus (HPV)-related NSCCUP-patients (NSCCUP-P) as a subgroup with superior survival. However, standardized diagnostic workup, novel diagnostic procedures, decision-making in the multidisciplinary tumor board (MDTB) and multimodal therapy including surgery and post-operative radio-chemotherapy (PORCT) may also improve survival. Methods: For assessing the impact of standardized diagnostic processes simultaneously established with the MDTB on outcome, we split our sample of 115 NSCCUP-P into two cohorts treated with curative intent from 1988 to 2006 (cohort 1; n = 53) and 2007 to 2018 (cohort 2; n = 62). We compared diagnostic processes and utilized treatment modalities applying Chi-square tests, and outcome by Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox regression. Results: In cohort 2, the standardized processes (regular use of [18F]-FDG-PET-CT imaging followed by examination under anesthesia, EUA, bilateral tonsillectomy and neck dissection, ND, at least of the affected site) improved detection of primaries (P = 0.026) mostly located in the oropharynx (P = 0.001). From 66.0 to 87.1% increased ND frequency (P = 0.007) increased the detection of extracapsular extension of neck nodes (ECE+) forcing risk factor-adapted treatment by increased utilization of cisplatin-based PORCT that improved 5-years progression-free and overall survival from 60.4 and 45.3 to 67.7% (P = 0.411) and 66.1% (P = 0.025). Conclusions: Standardized diagnostic workup followed by ND and risk-factor adapted therapy improves survival of NSCCUP-P.

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