Bakgrund: Hemlöshet är ett växande problem i Sverige och idag lever cirka 34 000 personer som hemlösa. Det finns olika faktorer som bidrar till att en person lever i hemlöshet där ett sämre hälsotillstånd med fysiska hälsoproblem är vanligt förekommande. Hemlösa personer lever i närhet till smittsamma sjukdomar med en lägre hygienstandard. Detta leder till att hälsan påverkas negativt och att hemlösa har ett större behov av sjukvård. Sjuksköterskor har erfarenheter av att det är en utmaning att vårda personer som lever i hemlöshet på grund av att de anser att det är svårt att inte ha en dömande inställning grundat i förutfattade meningar. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa hemlösa personers erfarenheter av vårdande och sjukvården. Metod: En litteraturöversikt har gjorts där elva vetenskapliga artiklar valdes. Tio artiklar visade sig vara baserad på forskning av kvalitativ design och en artikel använde sig av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ datainsamling. Resultat: Hemlösa personer hade erfarenheter av att de fick ett annorlunda bemötande jämfört med andra patienter när de sökte sjukvård. De hade erfarenheter av att bli åsidosatta och vara lägre prioriterade än andra patienter i sjukvården. Majoriteten av de hemlösa personerna väntar med att söka sjukvård tills smärtan är outhärdlig på grund av att sjukvårdpersonalen bemöter dem på ett respektlöst sätt. Det fanns också hemlösa personer som hade positiva erfarenheter av vårdande där sjukvårdspersonalen visade engagemang och var vänliga och hjälpsamma mot dem. Diskussion: I detta avsnitt kommer en metoddiskussion att presenteras som utvärderar styrkor och svagheter samt en resultatdiskussion som kommer att diskuteras med Joyce Travelbees omvårdnadsteori samt nytillkomna artiklar. Nyckelord: Hemlösa personer, erfarenheter, vårdande, sjukvårdspersonal.

Workplace turnover is destructive to organizations both financially and operationally. The cost of selecting and replacing the wrong candidate for a position ranges from a few thousand to several million dollars. The goal for this correlational study was to assess the efficacy of an applicant test instrument for identifying key personality traits of direct service professionals (DSP) in the developmental disabilities arena which correlate with successful job tenure and decrease turnover cost. The theoretical framework that grounded this study was the poor job fit theory. The population studied consisted of DSP's hired by an organization in Glynn County, GA. Anonymous candidates' data were obtained by the screening test and stratified into 2 categories: successful employees (48 of those remaining in their position for a year or longer) and unsuccessful employees (48 of those remaining in their position less than 1 year),the secondary historical data from the test instrument were analyzed via a binary multiple logistics regression model. Since inferential statistical analysis results revealed no statistical significance (at the .05 level) of any of the 5 test category variables for predicting successful employment (a year or longer) or unsuccessful employment (less than a year), The analysis revealed that the Talent Acquisition - Healthcare Services Profile - Clinical Test is not a successful screening tool for the subject population. When organizations hire the right candidates for healthcare positions, beneficial social change can occur when a higher quality of care is delivered, making a positive contribution to the lives of the caregivers, patients, and patients' families.

Political liberalization and increased public costs have placed new demands on the Swedish public sector. Two ways of meeting these novel requirements have been to corporatize and privatize organizations. With these two organizational changes, however, comes a risk of increased insecurity and higher demands on employees; the ability to handle these changes is likely dependent on their social status within an organization. The general aim of the thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how corporatization and privatization might affect employees’ work climate, work attitudes and ill-health. Special importance is placed on whether outcomes may differ depending on the employees’ social status in the form of hierarchic level and gender. Questionnaire data from Swedish acute care hospitals were used in three empirical studies. Study I showed that physicians at corporatized and privatized hospitals reported more positive experiences of their work climate compared with physicians at a public administration hospital. Study II showed that privatization had more negative ramifications for a middle hierarchic level (i.e., registered nurses) who reported deterioration of work attitudes, while there were no major consequences for employees at high (physicians) or low (assistant nurses) hierarchic levels. Study III found that although the work situation for women and men physicians were somewhat comparable (i.e., the same occupation, the same organization), all of the differences that remained between the genders were to the detriment of women. The results of this thesis suggest that corporatizations and privatizations do not necessarily imply negative consequence for employees. However, the consequences appear to differ between groups with different social status. Employees whose immediate work situation is affected but who do not have sufficient resources to handle the requirements associated with an organizational change may perceive the most negative consequences. / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.