This thesis analyzes the historical capitalism in a historical context. ccumulation cycles, hegemonic transitions, and their interrelated structures n the historical capitalism will be discussed alongside inspired prose, and completed final drafts. The thesis will also trace the causes and effects of accumulation cycles and hegemonic transitions and will seek to answer questions such as how and why those cycles and transitions ocur, what are the determinants and how and why those determinants effect those processess, Thus, the purpose of this study is to obtain a full perspective of the historical capitalism by analyzing past and present accumulation cycles and hegemonic shifts respectively to provide basis for explaining not only incessant cycles and transitions of the historical capitalism but also current developments in International Relations.

The aim of this study has been to examine six books about Oscar Wilde’s homosexuality during the years 1906 – 2003. I have been analyzing their descriptions about his sexual orientation and compared them to each other to see the changes through time. In order to see some clear changes the main focus was to choose time differences between the books. It was clear that the earlier writers had negative opinions and thoughts about his sexual deviation the way they described it. The writers from the older books focus on Oscar Wilde’s achievements more than his sexual orientation. The analysis was made through two theories, Michel Foucault’s theories about sexuality, power and knowledge, and the second Raewyn Connell’s theory about hegemonic masculinity. The theories have been fundamental for this study on the basis of the changes through time and how societies viewed masculinity and sexual orientations. They have also been important for the descriptions of Oscar Wilde’s feminine attitude and his addiction to his looks. My method for the essay has been a conceptual analysis. The choice of this method was not hard because it has been important to the comparison and the analysis for the writers’ usage of word descriptions of Oscar Wilde’s homosexuality. The results showed a large amount of resemblances and differences between the books, which can be seen against the background of the society and its view on homosexuality.

This thesis demonstrates the experiences of the women from different generations in the Turkish Military in the integration process. It also evaluates the attitudes of the men in the military towards this integration.

Knowledge of the terms sex and gender has important political, health and equity considerations. This thesis investigates the macrostructural assertions of Connell’s social theory of gender which is fundamentally concerned with demonstrating the relational and hierarchical nature of gender. A major criticism of the theory has been its lack of account of the individual and the ways in which gender is performed in local settings. Therefore, investigation primarily concerns whether Connell’s macrostructural theory is explicable in local social contexts. A theoretical critique and reframing of the theory lead to articulating the interdependency between structural, cultural and individual factors. By explicitly stating Connell’s implicit assertions, what becomes evident is that people’s gendered relations are interrelated with beliefs which are held personally and shared culturally. Specifically, a major theoretical impasse is overcome when recognising that the “ideology of supremacy” of a dominative masculinity is necessarily interdependent with the structural relations of power. / From here I have suggested that there are particular patterns of these structures and beliefs which can be seen in macrostructural terms, but also in local settings. These hypotheses are reframed into social network terms for an empirical investigation of Connell’s theory in local contexts. To determine whether the predicted hypotheses for Connell’s theory occur at greater than chance levels, a particular type of statistical model for social networks, called exponential random graph (p*) models, is employed. Importantly, such models utilize a methodological approach which specifically acknowledges the interdependency of structural, individual and cultural factors, thus aligning Connell’s theory with the method of investigation. / Primarily, Connell’s theory is concerned with differing configurations of masculinity, and for this reason my focus is predominantly on males and their relations with one another. To this end, two general local settings were chosen to explore these issues – secondary schools and all-male elite-level (AFL) sporting teams. Social network models were used to examine the relations between masculinities in six schools and four AFL clubs. Importantly, Connell has suggested that local contexts are likely to differ from one another in the degree to which they support gendered relations of power. Results for schools and clubs vary considerably from one another in the ways in which they provide local level support for Connell’s theory. Significantly though, there are some contexts which do show support for Connell’s theory. That such evidence can be found to endorse specifically defined local-level predictions for Connell’s theory, even when controlling for complex micro-level social structures, and also for other individual level effects, and still produce statistically significant effects supporting these predictions suggests that support is not trivial. There is strong evidence that attitudes towards masculinity can be an important organising principle in the emergence of hierarchy, not universally, but in some contexts. / It can be concluded that gender relations tend to operate in ways predicted by Connell’s theory, though local context is particularly important. The specific findings from local social contexts do have wider implications for Connell’s theory, including how hierarchy in gender can be tied to other structures of power, where femininities fit into the theory, a more precise account of hegemony and an exploration of the impact culture has in local settings.

A história política paraguaia pauta-se por longos períodos de predomínio dos dois principais grupos políticos agrupados nos partidos Colorado e Liberal, constatando-se na evolução da estrutura histórica a manutenção de seu predomínio, nos períodos de autoritarismo bem como nos de democratização. O presente trabalho propõe-se a demonstrar que a ideologia é um elemento importante no processo de dominação política no Paraguai, visando sua legitimação, constituindo-se em uma hegemonia. Observa-se que o dinamismo interno dos partidos provido pelas lutas internas partidárias, engendrando em uma estrutura partidária e em um discurso ideológico flexíveis, possibilita a sua continuação ao longo do tempo. Procura-se analisar qual o papel do discurso ideológico na dinâmica interna dos partidos, se influencia no processo de adaptação que permite a sua manutenção histórica. Neste âmbito, busca-se apreciar qual o papel dos intelectuais orgânicos – com atuação na estrutura partidária – na conformação e manutenção do bloco histórico, a fim de observar se de fato o elemento ideológico constitui-se em relevante ferramenta para a sua manutenção. Intenta-se compreender como se comportou historicamente o desenvolvimento do processo de hegemonia dos grupos sociais dominantes, e como este fenômeno possibilitou a acomodação dos interesses divergentes e concorrentes de alguns setores do bloco, e desses com os setores operários e camponeses, mantendo o modelo hegemônico de dominação. A partir do estudo de cinco períodos, procura-se identificar quais são os discursos ideológicos dos partidos Colorado e Liberal, a partir de intelectuais orgânicos representantes das principais correntes dos partidos, assim como elementos que os diferenciam e outros que permanecem ao longo do tempo, visando encontrar a ideia central e os elementos essenciais que movem a ação política partidária. Para tanto, utilizar-se-ão duas classes de fontes empíricas para a pesquisa: as convenções partidárias e suas declarações ideológicas, ademais de obras da produção de intelectuais orgânicos representantes dos dois projetos hegemônicos. / The Paraguayan political history is guided by long predominance periods of the two main political groups grouped in Colorado and Liberal parties, finding in the evolution of the historic structure the maintain of its dominance in both periods of authoritarianism as in democratization. This paper aims to demonstrate that ideology is an important element in the political domination process in Paraguay, seeking its legitimacy, thus becoming a hegemony. It is observed that the internal dynamics of the parties provided by party infighting, engendering in a party structure and a flexible ideological discourse, enables its continuation over time. Seeks to analyze the role of ideological discourse in the internal dynamics of the parties, whether or not influence the adaptation process that allows its historical maintenance. In this context, the aim is to assess what is the role of organic intellectuals – operating in the party structure – in the formation and maintenance of the historical bloc, in order to see if in fact the ideological element constitutes a relevant tool for its maintenance. Attempts to understand how historically behaved the development of hegemony process of dominant social groups, and how this phenomenon has enabled the accommodation of divergent and competing interests of some sectors of the bloc, and those with the workers and peasants sectors, maintaining the hegemonic model of domination. From the study of five periods, seeks to identify what are the ideological discourses of the Colorado and Liberal parties in those moments, from organic intellectuals representatives of mainstream political parties, as well as elements that differentiate the parties and others who remain over time, aimed at finding the central idea and the essential elements that move the partisan political action. To this end, shall be used two classes of empirical sources for the research: the party conventions and their ideological statements, in addition to works of the production of organic intellectual representatives of the two hegemonic projects.

Three contemporary authors – Suzan-Lori Parks, Natasha Trethewey, and Colson Whitehead – within the African American Literary Tradition explore relationships to history in light of a dominant rhetoric that represents African American history through a white, hegemonic lens. In Parks’ The America Play, Trethewey’s Bellocq’s Ophelia, and Whitehead’s The Intuitionist, these authors comment on historical representation through such symbols as iconic figures like Abraham Lincoln, photographs, and elevators as starting points to explore the possibility of an independent space for African American history. Rather than remarking on just the representation of the artifact, however, the authors enter a conversation on how history is remembered and experienced. Parks, Trethewey, and Whitehead each form their own expression on historical representation; in each case, their works address the ability, or inability, to achieve historical intimacy amidst a push back from hegemonic narratives in the public eye. Historical intimacy, as the leading concept of the dissertation, refers to developing a close proximity to history not as a mere representation but as lived experience. Parks sees historical insight developing only through brief moments of intimate contact, if at all. Trethewey imagines personal, even sensual, familiarity with the subjects of her poems as a way of breaking through social frames and learning to connect with the past. Whitehead works through paradoxes to dissolve representational patterns of discourse, like verticality, and reach for a post-rational space wherein both open historical possibility, which stresses self-reflexivity, and a foundation in a “real,” experienced history unlock the opportunity for the construction of an intimate history. Although no author presents historical intimacy as an achieved goal, their works suggest varying degrees of potential and connection.

The aim of this study was to examine how the two largest sports tabloids, Aftonbladet and Expressen, in Sweden represented the male and female Swedish athletes during the Olympic games in Pyeongchang 2018. Furthermore, the study examined how many male and female journalists covered the sport sections during the event and whether or not there were any differences between the tabloids. With agenda setting theory and hegemonic masculinity as our theoretical framework we conducted a quantitative content analysis on every news article revolving Swedish Olympic athletes during the Olympic period. The results showed no significant difference between male and female athletes regarding the amount of coverage in the tabloids. However, other findings were made and showed that female athletes more often got associated with their families and partners while male athletes were associated with their coaches. The study also showed that the majority of journalists reporting from the Olympic games were male.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1923869 bytes, checksum: 4ab2a3c6ac5bbb0c3486c57d0e95fb17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The image of Africa in contemporary hegemonic film does not make up a mere object to be aesthetic appreciation or depreciation, and moreover, that image is a tangible indicator of a contemporary political practice whose roots are embedded in the Eurocentric colonial discourse of the nineteenth century. In this dissertation, the intellectual effort is directed towards showing the ways in which hegemonic contemporary cinema represents the African continent, what is done after a historical review of how this image of Africa was built by European intellectuals in the late nineteenth century , which served the interests invented this image, which supplied him with arguments legitimizing support and ways by which this image was popularized. At the end, is made a sketch of the bridge that connects the political situation of the late nineteenth century, which spawned the invention of Africa, the beginning of the century, which means that the image remains popular, and some considerations on the relationship between films and craft of the historian. More than mere curiosity or pursuit of scholarship, this dissertation is a conscious attempt to engage in a broad intellectual effort of decolonization of knowledge. / A imagem da África no cinema hegemônico contemporâneo não compõe um mero objeto passível de apreciação ou depreciação estética; para além disso, essa imagem é um dos indicadores palpáveis de uma prática política contemporânea cujas raízes estão fincadas no discurso colonial eurocêntrico do século XIX. Nesta dissertação, o esforço intelectual é direcionado no sentido de mostrar as maneiras pelas quais o cinema hegemônico contemporâneo representa o continente africano, após o quê é feita uma revisão histórica de como essa imagem da África foi construída pela intelectualidade europeia, em fins do século XIX, a que interesses essa imagem inventada atendia, quais argumentos legitimadores lhe forneceram sustentação e por quais modos tal imagem foi popularizada. Ao final, é feito um esboço da ponte que liga a conjuntura política do final do século XIX, que engendrou a invenção da África, à do início do século XXI, que faz com que aquela imagem permaneça popular, e algumas considerações sobre a relação entre os filmes e o ofício do historiador. Mais do que simples exercício de curiosidade ou erudição, esta dissertação constitui uma tentativa consciente de participar em um esforço intelectual amplo de descolonização do conhecimento.

A história política paraguaia pauta-se por longos períodos de predomínio dos dois principais grupos políticos agrupados nos partidos Colorado e Liberal, constatando-se na evolução da estrutura histórica a manutenção de seu predomínio, nos períodos de autoritarismo bem como nos de democratização. O presente trabalho propõe-se a demonstrar que a ideologia é um elemento importante no processo de dominação política no Paraguai, visando sua legitimação, constituindo-se em uma hegemonia. Observa-se que o dinamismo interno dos partidos provido pelas lutas internas partidárias, engendrando em uma estrutura partidária e em um discurso ideológico flexíveis, possibilita a sua continuação ao longo do tempo. Procura-se analisar qual o papel do discurso ideológico na dinâmica interna dos partidos, se influencia no processo de adaptação que permite a sua manutenção histórica. Neste âmbito, busca-se apreciar qual o papel dos intelectuais orgânicos – com atuação na estrutura partidária – na conformação e manutenção do bloco histórico, a fim de observar se de fato o elemento ideológico constitui-se em relevante ferramenta para a sua manutenção. Intenta-se compreender como se comportou historicamente o desenvolvimento do processo de hegemonia dos grupos sociais dominantes, e como este fenômeno possibilitou a acomodação dos interesses divergentes e concorrentes de alguns setores do bloco, e desses com os setores operários e camponeses, mantendo o modelo hegemônico de dominação. A partir do estudo de cinco períodos, procura-se identificar quais são os discursos ideológicos dos partidos Colorado e Liberal, a partir de intelectuais orgânicos representantes das principais correntes dos partidos, assim como elementos que os diferenciam e outros que permanecem ao longo do tempo, visando encontrar a ideia central e os elementos essenciais que movem a ação política partidária. Para tanto, utilizar-se-ão duas classes de fontes empíricas para a pesquisa: as convenções partidárias e suas declarações ideológicas, ademais de obras da produção de intelectuais orgânicos representantes dos dois projetos hegemônicos. / The Paraguayan political history is guided by long predominance periods of the two main political groups grouped in Colorado and Liberal parties, finding in the evolution of the historic structure the maintain of its dominance in both periods of authoritarianism as in democratization. This paper aims to demonstrate that ideology is an important element in the political domination process in Paraguay, seeking its legitimacy, thus becoming a hegemony. It is observed that the internal dynamics of the parties provided by party infighting, engendering in a party structure and a flexible ideological discourse, enables its continuation over time. Seeks to analyze the role of ideological discourse in the internal dynamics of the parties, whether or not influence the adaptation process that allows its historical maintenance. In this context, the aim is to assess what is the role of organic intellectuals – operating in the party structure – in the formation and maintenance of the historical bloc, in order to see if in fact the ideological element constitutes a relevant tool for its maintenance. Attempts to understand how historically behaved the development of hegemony process of dominant social groups, and how this phenomenon has enabled the accommodation of divergent and competing interests of some sectors of the bloc, and those with the workers and peasants sectors, maintaining the hegemonic model of domination. From the study of five periods, seeks to identify what are the ideological discourses of the Colorado and Liberal parties in those moments, from organic intellectuals representatives of mainstream political parties, as well as elements that differentiate the parties and others who remain over time, aimed at finding the central idea and the essential elements that move the partisan political action. To this end, shall be used two classes of empirical sources for the research: the party conventions and their ideological statements, in addition to works of the production of organic intellectual representatives of the two hegemonic projects.

A história política paraguaia pauta-se por longos períodos de predomínio dos dois principais grupos políticos agrupados nos partidos Colorado e Liberal, constatando-se na evolução da estrutura histórica a manutenção de seu predomínio, nos períodos de autoritarismo bem como nos de democratização. O presente trabalho propõe-se a demonstrar que a ideologia é um elemento importante no processo de dominação política no Paraguai, visando sua legitimação, constituindo-se em uma hegemonia. Observa-se que o dinamismo interno dos partidos provido pelas lutas internas partidárias, engendrando em uma estrutura partidária e em um discurso ideológico flexíveis, possibilita a sua continuação ao longo do tempo. Procura-se analisar qual o papel do discurso ideológico na dinâmica interna dos partidos, se influencia no processo de adaptação que permite a sua manutenção histórica. Neste âmbito, busca-se apreciar qual o papel dos intelectuais orgânicos – com atuação na estrutura partidária – na conformação e manutenção do bloco histórico, a fim de observar se de fato o elemento ideológico constitui-se em relevante ferramenta para a sua manutenção. Intenta-se compreender como se comportou historicamente o desenvolvimento do processo de hegemonia dos grupos sociais dominantes, e como este fenômeno possibilitou a acomodação dos interesses divergentes e concorrentes de alguns setores do bloco, e desses com os setores operários e camponeses, mantendo o modelo hegemônico de dominação. A partir do estudo de cinco períodos, procura-se identificar quais são os discursos ideológicos dos partidos Colorado e Liberal, a partir de intelectuais orgânicos representantes das principais correntes dos partidos, assim como elementos que os diferenciam e outros que permanecem ao longo do tempo, visando encontrar a ideia central e os elementos essenciais que movem a ação política partidária. Para tanto, utilizar-se-ão duas classes de fontes empíricas para a pesquisa: as convenções partidárias e suas declarações ideológicas, ademais de obras da produção de intelectuais orgânicos representantes dos dois projetos hegemônicos. / The Paraguayan political history is guided by long predominance periods of the two main political groups grouped in Colorado and Liberal parties, finding in the evolution of the historic structure the maintain of its dominance in both periods of authoritarianism as in democratization. This paper aims to demonstrate that ideology is an important element in the political domination process in Paraguay, seeking its legitimacy, thus becoming a hegemony. It is observed that the internal dynamics of the parties provided by party infighting, engendering in a party structure and a flexible ideological discourse, enables its continuation over time. Seeks to analyze the role of ideological discourse in the internal dynamics of the parties, whether or not influence the adaptation process that allows its historical maintenance. In this context, the aim is to assess what is the role of organic intellectuals – operating in the party structure – in the formation and maintenance of the historical bloc, in order to see if in fact the ideological element constitutes a relevant tool for its maintenance. Attempts to understand how historically behaved the development of hegemony process of dominant social groups, and how this phenomenon has enabled the accommodation of divergent and competing interests of some sectors of the bloc, and those with the workers and peasants sectors, maintaining the hegemonic model of domination. From the study of five periods, seeks to identify what are the ideological discourses of the Colorado and Liberal parties in those moments, from organic intellectuals representatives of mainstream political parties, as well as elements that differentiate the parties and others who remain over time, aimed at finding the central idea and the essential elements that move the partisan political action. To this end, shall be used two classes of empirical sources for the research: the party conventions and their ideological statements, in addition to works of the production of organic intellectual representatives of the two hegemonic projects.