William Henry Fox Talbot (1800-1877), the inventor of photography on paper, was given crucial support by his colleague Sir John Herschel (1792- 1871). Fellows of The Royal Society, the two men made fundamental contributions to optics, chemistry, light, and mathematics. Both were humanists of diverse interests and had strong role models in women. For Talbot, it was his mother, Lady Elisabeth Feilding. Herschel learned some of his earliest science from his Aunt, Caroline Herschel; his wife, Margaret, was an active participant in his work. During the pre-history of photography, Mrs. Fulhame, Thomas Wedgwood, Sir Humphry Davy, and Nicephore Niepce demonstrated its potential. The question is why, rather than how, was photography invented and announced in 1839? The camera and the chemistry necessary for the art's invention co-existed for many decades. Frustrated in trying to sketch with Wollaston's camera lucida, Talbot conceived of photography; Herschel avoided making photographs because he was an expert draughtsman adept with the camera lucida. Herschel, following inductive reasoning, made seminal contributions to the field of photochemistry; he invented the cyanotype process and was the first to apply hypo to fix photographs. Talbot learned from his own photographs and grew into being the first photographic artist. Talbot and his rival, Louis Daguerre, mirrored the competitive economic race and differences in support of science and art between France and Great Britain. By the Great Exhibition in 1851, Herschel and Talbot had been forcefully removed from work in photography. Herschel's health was broken in service as Master of the Mint. He remained an important influence on other photographers, including Anna Atkins, Charles Piazzi Smyth, and Julia Margaret Cameron. Talbot learned from experience in photographic book publishing that silver photographs could never be made permanent. He applied his efforts to perfecting photoglyphic engraving, a forerunner of photogravure; he also invented the photographic halftone.

La question récurrente de l'altérité dans l'oeuvre d'Henry Bauchau (1913-2012) constitue le thème central de cette recherche. Le corpus est principalement constitué des deux romans La Déchirure (1965) et Oedipe sur la route (1990), où des figures narratives semblables reviennent, inspirées tantôt par la vie personnelle de l'écrivain et tantôt par ses expériences de rêveur fécond. La figure d'autrui renvoie d'abord à la famille, et en particulier à la mère absente. Celle-ci revient dans les romans, notamment sous les traits d'une mère idéalisée, mais aussi pour rappeler la distance qui existe entre l'enfant et la mère. Un autre aspect de l'altérité, l'autre, est d'abord une figure intérieure au sujet. Chez Bauchau, qui a aussi une pratique d'analyste et de peintre, l'exploration de cette altérité est souvent confiée à l'inconscient et à son expression dans l'art et le poème. Elle est aussi confiée tantôt à l'imagination mythique, tantôt à la réalité du corps charnel. De cette façon, l'écrivain fait aussi appel à la dimension psychologique et psychanalytique de l'écriture. C'est grâce à cette dernière que certains personnages mythiques comme Oedipe, parcourant comme l'écrivain lui-même un long chemin d'errance, arrivent à trouver leur identité profonde. Le renouvellement des grands mythes, adaptés aux nécessités du temps présent, constitue ainsi l'autre versant de l'écriture bauchalienne. / The raster question of otherness in the work of Henry Bauchau (1913-2012) is the focus of this research. The corpus consists primarily of two novels, La Déchirure (1965) and Oedipe sur la route (1990), where similar narrative figures are recurring, sometimes inspired by the life of the writer and sometimes by his experiences of fruitful dreamer. The figure of other (autrui) first refers to the family, especially the absent mother. It returns in the novels, especially under the aspects of an idealized mother, but also to remind the distance between the child and the mother. Another aspect of otherness, the other, is primarily an inner figure to the subject. According to Bauchau, who also has a practice of analyst and painter, exploring this otherness is often left to the unconscious and its expression in art and poetry. It's sometimes entrusted to the mythic imagination, or the reality of the physical body. In this way, the writer also uses the psychological and psychoanalytic dimension of writing. It is through the latter that some mythical characters like Oedipus, travelling as the writer himself a long way of aimless errancy, is able to find or to build their own identity. The renewal of great myths, adapted to the needs of the present, is the other side of Bauchau's writing.

The Henry Aquifer in Gallatin County Illinois provides groundwater for municipal, irrigation, industrial, and household wells. The greatest annual withdrawal is by a water utility that serves over 40,000 persons in southeast Illinois. Buried coal refuse at a mine near the water utility has contaminated the groundwater. Remediation efforts, including source control wells on the border of the mine site and low permeability caps over refuse areas attempt to control the migration of contaminants offsite. Current mine land owners believe source control well pumping over 20 years has reduced contamination in the aquifer enough to stop pumping. However, some monitoring wells off the mine site have recently sampled high concentrations of contaminants. Previous studies failed to account for the elevated concentrations found offsite. The purpose of this research is to reevaluate contaminant transport in this region. Specific objectives include a new conceptual model of the hydrostratigraphy and hydrology, revised contaminant source locations and loading, and new groundwater models accurately calibrated to a comprehensive set of monitoring well data. The research included extensive review of prior studies and historical records from the past 50 years. Relevant information was combined in Quantum Geographic Information System (GIS) software for the conceptual and numerical models. A new groundwater modeling pre/post processor for MODFLOW and MT3DMS was ii created for Quantum GIS to calibrate the models and simulate future conditions for risk assessment. Observed hydraulic head and sulfate concentrations from 1984-2015 were used for calibration. In addition, modeled baseflow was compared with observed streamflow in 2017. The calibrated models were used for twelve unique scenarios that forecast contamination from 2017- 2068. The scenarios tested model sensitivity to changes in groundwater management and environmental conditions. The results show that groundwater quality about 300 meters west of the mine deteriorates in all scenarios, water utility wells near the mine are at risk in most scenarios, and that the location and discharge of wells have a commanding effect on the regional groundwater flow and transport systems. This research offers important questions for further study, valuable tools for groundwater management in the region, and shows that without active source control wells, negative impacts to water quality near the mine will likely occur.

No description available.

This project explores connections between hero and history, text and context. By engaging Postcolonial theories about the roles that invasion and oppression, play in developing national identity and how colonized people respond to such encounters in literature, I examine how experiences of invasion and hostile interaction as represented in medieval and early modern English literature influenced the creation of specific heroic values. In my first chapter, I analyze The Battle of Maldon and Beowulf as exemplars of the Anglo-Saxon culture, observing that Byrhtnoth and Beowulf work as fictional embodiments of a fantasy of power: men of super-human strength and exceptional resoluteness who, through remarkable sacrifices, inspire men to accomplish phenomenal deeds of their own. Next, I explore Arthur in The Alliterative Morte Arthure and Le Morte Darthur, who embraces his hybridity, fluidly moving between the Anglo-Saxon warrior tradition and the French romance tradition. Last, I consider Shakespeare’s Henry V, which depicts a conquering hero who possesses the prowess and nobility of his heroic predecessors and the ability to succeed where they failed, securing England’s continental dominance. In each era, I contend that the authors created heroes on whom they could project a fantasized identity which defied the realities of their time, heroes who changed based upon the type of threat faced by England. This study samples five hundred years of literature and uses this breadth to explore cross-periodic continuity, finding that the heroes of these texts respond not only to their historical context, but also to each other. This scope allows one to see how the emblem of the hero responds to the reality of the authors and audiences of these texts. The figure of the hero develops over centuries, demonstrating that as the needs of the authors and audiences change, so, too, does the character who represents them. These literary figures provide a unique window into the culture and concerns of the authors and audiences during the medieval and early modern eras. They represent desire for strength, inspiration, glory and triumph. They reflect the agony of anxiety, vulnerability, defeat, and hopelessness. Most importantly, they reimagine, reframe, and redress reality.

Det finns ett utbrett tabu kring menstruation i vårt samhälle. Det är något som ska döljas och inget det ska pratas om. En av de personer som tröttnat på tabut är Youtubern Clara Henry som har skrivit boken "Ja jag har mens, hurså?". Med den ger hon läsaren den kunskap om mens hon menar att vi borde fått lära oss i skolan men aldrig fick samt problematiserar tabut kring mens och uppmanar läsarna till att vara med och bryta det. Detta gör hon genom ett humoristiskt smyckat språk vilket bidrog till mitt val av humor som huvudteori för analysen samt stilfigurers påverkan på argumentationen. Genom de hermeneutiska metoderna kritisk retorikanalys, närläsning och stilanalys kom jag genom analysen fram till att Henry använder sig av många varierade stilfigurer som skapar en humoristisk argumentation kring mens och dess tabu vilket. Humorn kan bidra till en lättnad hos menstruerande personer samt nya sätt att prata om detta tabubelagda ämne.

A writer may choose many points of view in considering works of art. Frequently the work of an artist is regarded purely for its own merit. Or it may be considered in relation to the work of other artists or periods. Here, the writer has chosen to consider certain sculptural works of the English artist Henry Moore in relation to the cityscape and landscape settings in which they have been placed. In order to more fully understand the works, how they relate or do not relate to their settings and what effects the settings have upon them, the thesis has been broken into several major sections which in turn have been further divided. A section dealing with Henry Moore as a man and an artist, the pattern of development which his work has taken, and a clarification of the meaning of his work is placed first in order that the reader may more fully understand the specific pieces when they are considered. This section is followed by a chapter devoted to a generalized discussion of the development of sculpture from earliest times to the present day and its various uses within cities and landscape both in the past and in the 20th century. Continuing the thesis, a number of Henry Moore's major works are discussed. The pieces are considered for their significance within the 'oeuvre' of Moore. They are also considered for their function in relationship to their setting -- cityscape or landscape. Certain of Moore's bronzes have been placed in both landscape and cityscape locations and in these cases it has been possible to consider the relative impact of the works within each type of setting. The pieces are not discussed in chronological order, but rather in the order which best suits both the subject and its setting. Those sculptures which have as their setting, the city, have been discussed first as it is in this environment that sculpture is most frequently found. Several of the pieces have both landscape and cityscape sites and thus provide the transition to the setting of pure natural landscape in which are placed other works of sculptor Henry Moore. Finally, a number of works having the exhibition space in the museum or gallery as their setting are given consideration. In a few cases the pieces are not permanently located. However, most of the works considered are in permanent collections and the landscape or cityscape settings in which they are found today are their permanent sites. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

Conversation in Martereau is largely an affair of platitudinous and banal statements masking the antagonistic content of the subconversation. Consisting mainly of dialogue, The Sacred Fount presents the polished talk that evolves as the characters attempt to unravel an enigma. Though the aims of both authors are very different in many respects, Sarraute and James share a common fascination with the way in which language constitutes a means of dissimulation rather than communication. Dialogue is consequently a problematic element of both novels, registering the drama of the unspoken through commonplace remarks, echoes, and pauses which suggest the presence of a discrete psychological reality. In seeking to renew the dialogue form in the novel, both authors depict dramatic situations in which speech functions as a means of manipulation. The nature of reported discourse in the two novels will be discussed using Jakobson's six-part model of communication, examining in detail the constitutive elements of Jamesian and Sarrautian conversation. The stylistic traits of each author will be considered as a function of the specific constraints of indirect and duplicitous communication. In juxtaposition to the "trompe-l'oeil,” or illusory, reality presented in the dialogue, a pattern of repetitive social exchanges becomes apparent as characters make contact in conversation. While James is most interested in the way in which covert strategies are expressed in speech through implication and allusion, Sarraute examines the effect of speech upon the listener: in both cases, indirect language is perceived as accomplishing certain acts and producing unpredictable effects. The interplay between hidden strategies in James or tropistic activity in Sarraute and dialogue becomes more evident in the narrative discourse, which develops the suggestions and possibilities inherent in the reported speech. The polyphony of the dialogue form is dominated in the narrative discourse by an obsessive observer, who, in the case of The Sacred Fount, is patently unreliable, or at best, unduly sensitive, as in Martereau. An examination of the various forms of narrative intervention, from sporadic inquit interpolations to sustained commentary, suggests the contribution of each novelist in innovating the dialogue form. The post-Victorian experimental novel of Henry James is considered in relation to the nouveau roman, the latter illuminating the autonomous play of language in The Sacred Fount, which documents—if not "l'aventure d'une ecriture"—the adventure of the creative imagination. Placed in parallel with the more traditional dialogue form, Sarraute's work is seen to exemplify the subconscious impulsions generated by the nature of the dialogue. Each author sheds light on the artistic project of the other: incipient, subconscious motivations are brought to light in the Jamesian text, while reported speech is revealed as having a major significance in Sarraute's fiction. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Les étonnantes capacités de régénération de l’hydre d’eau douce ont été découvertes en 1740 par Abraham Trembley. Elles donneront lieu à une succession d’expériences permettant d’en préciser les modalités, ainsi que celles de sa reproduction, et une place sera trouvée pour le polype dans les classifications. En Angleterre, Henry Baker confirmera ces propriétés en se livrant à des expériences semblables, et les publiera dans le premier ouvrage consacré au polype, en bénéficiant de l’appui de son réseau de correspondant. Les illustrations et la vulgarisation de l’ensemble de ces expériences favoriseront leur diffusion rapide, qui suscitera alors de nombreuses expériences sur la régénération d’autres organismes, des tentatives d’explication et l’insertion durable du polype dans les débats autour de la matière vivante. / The amazing abilities of regeneration of the fresh-water hydra were discovered in 1740 by Abraham Trembley. They were to give way to a succession of experiments in order to specify the modes of regeneration and of reproduction, and a place was to be found for the polyp in the classifications. In England, Henry Baker was to confirm those properties by similar experiments, and publish them in the first work dedicated to the polyp, with the help of his network of correspondents. The illustrations and the vulgarisation of all these experiments were to make their fast diffusion easier, and give rise to numerous experiments on the regeneration of other organisms, some attempts of explanation, and the long-term insertion of the polyp into the debates around living matter.

No description available.