The Portrait of a Lady (1881), obra de Henry James, conta a história da formação de Isabel Archer, uma jovem americana que se destaca por desejar ser livre e independente em um contexto em que se esperava da mulher que desempenhasse um papel apenas decorativo; por isso, é possível que sua caracterização seja associada a uma protagonista com características feministas. Porém, o desenvolvimento do enredo a leva a um casamento infeliz motivado por determinantes alheios, principalmente pelo interesse financeiro de outras personagens. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar de que maneira a construção da subjetividade feminina da protagonista reflete, ou não, as questões sócio-históricas que marcaram seu contexto de criação, dentre os quais se destacam o início de uma consciência voltada à valorização feminina e busca pelos direitos das mulheres demonstrada pelo movimento pelo sufrágio universal. Em nossa análise consideramos os fatores sociais e políticos da época em que a obra foi escrita e revista, assim como os pressupostos da crítica literária feminista e crítica materialista, de forma a detectar na narrativa jamesiana as características que corroborem com um ponto de vista feminista sobre Isabel Archer, estendendo nossa leitura às personagens e fatos mais relevantes da obra. Assim, chegamos à conclusão de que a protagonista de The Portrait of a Lady apresenta características feministas, como o desejo pela independência, mas não pode ser considerada uma personagem feminista por ter sido subjugada e oprimida pelo poder patriarcal representado pelas figuras masculinas mais importantes à sua volta, principalmente por Gilbert Osmond, seu marido, que personifica nesta obra a dominação masculina total sobre a mente feminina. Contudo, sentimos que o enredo contém outras personagens e fatos que demonstram a força do insconsciente político daquele contexto, que se faz presente mesmo à revelia de seu autor, dentre eles outras personagens que caracterizam atitudes feministas. A importância deste estudo é posicionar uma forte protagonista feminina de Henry James dentre os estudos feministas sobre o Realismo do século XIX. / The Portrait of a Lady (1881), Henry James novel, tells the story of the formation of Isabel Archer, an young American lady who stands out for her desire to be free and independent in a context where nothing more was expected from a woman than having a decorative role; for that, it is possible that her charcterization is associated to a protagonist with feminist traits. However, the development of the plot leads her to an unhappy marriage motivated by outward determinants, especially by other characters financial interest. The objective of this work is to analyze how the construction of the protagonists feminine subjectivity either reflects or not the social and historical matters that marked its context of creation, among which the beginning of a consciousness aimed at a feminine appreciation and the search for the womens rights shown by the international suffrage movement. In our analysis we consider the social and political factors of the time when the novel was written and revised, as the assumptions of the feminist literary criticism and materialist criticism, in order to detect, in the Jamesian narrative, the characteristics that corroborate with a feminist point of view about Isabel Archer, and we extend our reading to the most relevant characters and events of the novel. So, we got to the conclusion that the protagonist in The Portrait of a Lady shows feminist characteristics, as the desire for independence, but she cannot be considered a feminist character for having been subjugated and oppressed by the patriarchal power represented by the most important masculine figures around her, mostly by Gilbert Osmond, her husband, who impersonates the total male domination over the female mind in this novel. Nevertheless, we feel that the plot contains other characters and events that demonstrate the strength of the political unconscious from a context that makes itself present even if unwanted by its author, and among them there are other characters that show feminist attitudes. The importance of this research is to establish a Henry James strong feminine protagonist in the feminist studies about the 19th century Realist literature.

[pt] Esta dissertação investiga modos discursivos não figurativos de apresentação da dor para, a partir disso, dar a ver possíveis modalidades enunciativas de auto-expressão que, mesmo reagindo a uma crise da representação, põem em questão uma acepção de real enquanto irrepresentável. O estudo se debruça sobre escritos de três autores que no século XX responderam com diferentes ênfases à questão aqui abordada: Ludwig Wittgenstein, Antonin Artaud e Henry Miller. A problemática que se desenha nesse trabalho é provocada pela predileção de Wittgenstein pelo tema da dor em suas Investigações Filosóficas no tratamento do argumento da linguagem privada. Wittgenstein, nesse ponto, incita a uma reflexão que se dirija às manifestações de linguagem relativas à dor, que não sendo a representação de um mundo interior do indivíduo, constituem comportamentos exercitados em determinados jogos de linguagem que lhes dão pertinência. ―Como posso, pois, querer colocar a linguagem entre a dor e a manifestação da dor? (IF, 245). Em um primeiro momento, empreende-se uma reflexão que, a partir das advertências de Wittgenstein, dirigida a questionar uma defesa do irrepresentável, busca uma leitura dos modos discursivos do próprio Wittgenstein para a apresentação de ocasiões em que a expressão da dor pela linguagem não sendo sua representação é um comportamento perante a dor. E, num segundo momento, uma leitura de obras de Antonin Artaud e Henry Miller cujo tratamento da dor, em perspectiva dessa leitura de Wittgenstein, apresenta modalidades discursivas empenhadas numa expressão não figurativa e avessas a uma acepção do real como irrepresentável. / [en] This dissertation investigates non-figurative discursive ways of presentation of pain to see, go on from there, the possible modalities of enunciation of self-expression that, even reacting to a crisis of representation, call into question a sense of real as unrepresentable. The study focuses on the writings of three authors in the twentieth century responded with different emphasis to the issue addressed here: Ludwig Wittgenstein, Antonin Artaud and Henry Miller. The issue that is shaping this work is caused by the predilection of Wittgenstein for the theme of pain in his Philosophical Investigations in the treatment of private language argument. Wittgenstein at this point calls for a reflection that addresses the manifestations of language related to pain, not being the representation of individual s inner world, constitutes behaviors exercised in specific language games that give them relevance. ―How I can even attempt to interpose language between the expression of pain and the pain? (PI, 245). First of all, it proposes a reflection that, from Wittgenstein s warnings, addressed to question a defense of the unrepresentable, looking for a reading of discursive modes of Wittgenstein s own for the presentation of occasions in which the expression of pain by language not being a representation is a behavior before the pain. And, secondly, a reading of works by Antonin Artaud and Henry Miller whose pain treatment, in view of this reading of Wittgenstein, presents discursive modalities engaged in a non-figurative expression and averse to a real sense as unrepresentable.

Il est maintenant avéré que la plupart des grands corps magmatiques sont construits par amalgamation d’intrusions plus petites. Ces incréments sont pour la plupart des sills, qui sont considérés comme les briques élémentaires des corps magmatiques plus grands. Malgré de nombreuses études, certains aspects de la mise en place des plutons sont encore mal compris : aucun modèle ne contraint leur taille et on ne sait toujours pas comment l’encaissant se déforme lors de leur mise en place incrémentale. La taille des réservoirs magmatiques, construits par injections répétées de magma, dépend de la taille des sills qui le constituent, et notamment de l’extension latérale de ces sills. Cette extension latérale pourrait être contrôlée par la solidification du magma lors de la mise en place du sill. Des expériences analogiques de laboratoire ont donc été réalisées afin de quantifier les effets de la solidification sur 1) la formation des sills et 2) la dynamique de propagation, la géométrie et la taille des sills. De l’huile végétale chaude, analogue du magma se solidifiant lors de sa propagation, est injectée dans un solide de gélatine plus froid, analogue des roches encaissantes. Le premier set d’expérience montre qu’avec l’augmentation des effets de la solidification, différents types d’intrusions sont observés (dykes traversant l’interface, sills et dykes stoppés à l’interface). Contrairement à des expériences où le refroidissement ne peut pas affecter la formation des sills, la présence d’une interface a priori mécaniquement favorable n’est donc pas suffisante pour former un sill ; les effets de la solidification restreignent la formation des sills. Le second set d’expérience montre deux comportements extrêmes pour la dynamique de propagation et la géométrie des sills. Quand les effets de la solidification sont faibles, la propagation du sill est continue et leur surface est lisse et régulière. A l’inverse, quand les effets sont forts, la propagation est discontinue et la géométrie des sills est complexe (e.g. lobes et surfaces cordées). De plus, des effets de la solidification plus importants entraînent des surfaces de sills plus faibles : en restreignant l’extension latérale des sills, le refroidissement du magma et la solidification sont susceptibles d’impacter directement la taille des plutons construits par amalgamation de sills. Les grandes déformations induites par la mise en place incrémentale des plutons sont encore mal comprises. Les modèles actuels négligent généralement les rhéologies cassantes et plastiques observées sur le terrain. Dans un premier temps, une mission de terrain dans les Henry Mountains (Utah, USA) a été réalisée afin de mieux comprendre les déformations entourant trois intrusions de tailles différentes : le Maiden Creek Sill, le Trachyte Mesa Laccolith et le Black Mesa Bysmalith. L’intensité de la déformation, la réduction de porosité et l’augmentation de microstructures liées à une forte déformation sont positivement corrélées. L’intensité de ces paramètres augmente à l’approche du contact encaissant / intrusion, et est plus marquée pour les contacts latéraux que pour les contacts supérieurs et inférieurs. Plus la taille de l’intrusion est importante, plus l’encaissant situé sur les côtés est déformé sur une grande distance. En revanche, la déformation observée au sommet du bysmalite est peu étendue, ce qui est dû à la présence d’une faille ayant permis une translation de l’encaissant plutôt que sa déformation importante. Dans un deuxième temps, des expériences analogiques de laboratoire multi-injections ont été effectuées pour essayer de mieux caractériser ces déformations. Ces expériences permettent d’observer la création d’un corps principal constitué de plusieurs sills empilés les uns sur les autres, par sur ou sous-accrétion. L’extension latérale de ce corps principal est fortement contrainte par la taille du premier sill mis en place. (...) / It is now accepted that the majority of large magma bodies is constructed by amalgamation of smaller magmatic intrusions. These increments are mostly sills and are thought as building blocks for larger magma bodies. Despite numerous studies, some aspects of their emplacement are still misunderstood: no model exists to constrain the size of plutons and we still do not know how the host rock is deformed during their incremental emplacement. The size of magma reservoirs, constructed by repeating magma pulses, depends on the size of the sills that built them, especially the lateral extend of these sills. This lateral extend could be controlled by solidification during sill emplacement. Analogue experiments have thus been carried out to quantify the effects of magma solidification on 1) sill formation and 2) sill propagation dynamics, geometry and size. Hot liquid vegetable oil, the magma analogue that solidifies during its propagation, is injected in a layered colder gelatine solid, the host rock analogue. A first set of experiments shows that as solidification effects increase, several types of intrusions are observed (dykes passing through the interface, sills, and dykes stopping at the interface). Contrary to isothermal experiments, where cooling cannot affect sill formation, the presence of an interface that would be a priori mechanically favorable is not a sufficient condition for sill formation; solidification effects restrict sill formation. A second set of experiments shows two extreme behaviours for sill propagation dynamics and geometry. When solidification effects are small, the propagation is continuous and sills have a regular and smooth surface. Conversely, when solidification effects are important, sill propagation is discontinuous and their geometry is complex (e.g. lobes and ropy structures). Moreover, higher solidification effects induce smaller sill surfaces; in restricting the lateral extent of sills, magma cooling and solidification are likely to impact directly the size of plutons constructed by amalgamated sills. The large deformations induced by incremental pluton emplacement are still misundurstood. Current models usually neglect brittle and plastic rheology, which are observed in the field. Firstly, a field study has been realized in the Henry Mountains (Utah, USA), in order to better understand the deformations around three intrusions of increasing size: the Maiden Creek Sill, the Trachyte Mesa Laccolith and the Black Mesa Bysmalith. The intensity of the deformation, the porosity reduction and the augmentation of microstructures related to large deformation are positively correlated. The intensity of these parameters increases as one gets closer to the host rock / intrusion contact, and is more important for lateral contacts than upper ones. Larger intrusions induce lateral deformation of the host rock over larger distances. However, the deformation at the top of the bysmalith is localized because of a fault allowing the translation of the host rock instead of an intense deformation. Secondarily, analogue laboratory experiments involving multiple injections have been carried out in order to better understand these deformations. The creation of a main body, made of multiple stacked sills emplaced by under or over-acretion can be observed. The lateral extent of this main body is highly dependant on the size of the first sill emplaced. However, the experimental dificulties and the mechanical properties of the gelatine as a crustal analogue limit the usefulness of these experiments.

Dans l’univers fictionnel, à la fois sombre et comique, de Henry Green, les personnages sont isolés, coupés des autres et d’eux-mêmes, enfermés dans leur propre corps et leur conscience, mais aspirent malgré tout à fonder une famille et appartenir à une communauté. De son côté, la communauté existe essentiellement sous forme de fantasme ou dans les discours publics, mais son pouvoir normatif n’en reste pas moins dangereux, car le groupe détruit l’individualité et exige que l’on se conforme à ses règles, que l’on adopte ses valeurs et que l’on accomplisse ses rituels dépourvus, chez Green, de sens. Pendant la Deuxième guerre mondiale, moment où Green écrit ses romans les plus aboutis, l’impératif d’appartenir à une communauté nationale réduit au silence les voix personnelles et substitue à l’expérience privée un récit collectif issu des presses de la propagande. Entrer dans l’histoire revient à se renier en tant qu’individu, à se taire : la destruction de l’intimité, le silence, l’oubli menacent les personnages greeniens. Le conflit entre une volonté de s’affirmer en tant qu’individu et un désir de se fondre dans la masse se reflète dans l’esthétique atypique de Green, qui se nourrit des topoi littéraires de son époque tout en se démarquant du traitement qu’en font ses contemporains. L’écriture se fait intertextuelle, plurielle, idiosyncratique, alors que le romancier mêle accents régionaux et langue archaïque, emprunte des idiomes à des langues vernaculaires et littéraires, divisée et fragmentée, lorsqu’il décrit les effets de la guerre sur la psyché. / In the dark and comical fictional world of Henry Green, the characters are isolated, cut off from themselves and from others, locked into their own body and mind, but they nevertheless yearn to build a family and to belong to a community. As far as communities are concerned, they exist solely in the characters’ fantasms or in public discourses, but their normative power remains dangerous: groups destroy individuality and demand that members conform to collective rules and adopt the same values. They require that one participate in rituals that are, in Green’s novels, deprived of any meaning. During the Second World War, when Green writes his best novels, belonging to a national community becomes compulsory. This silences personal voices and substitutes a collective narration written by British propaganda to private experience. Entering history means that individuals should not contradict the official version and have to deny themselves: the destruction of intimacy, silence and forgetting therefore threaten Green’s characters. The conflict between a will to establish oneself as an individual and the desire to melt into masses is reflected in Green’s atypical esthetic, which feeds on literary commonplaces of the times while setting itself apart from the meanings normally attached to them. The writing is characterized by intertextuality. It is plural, idiosyncratic, as the author mingles regional accents and an archaic speech, and borrows idioms from vernacular and literary languages, divided and fragmented, when he records the effects of the war on the psyche.

From June 1998 to July 1999, the dynamics of the plankton in Hagg Lake and Barney Reservoir were studied with the purpose to identify the succession dynamics of the planktonic species, to test the Plankton Ecology Group (PEG) model, and to explore the relationships between these successions and the physical and chemical variables.

Henry Peacham fait publier, en 1612, un ouvrage qu’il a longuement retravaillé à partir de manuscrits qui en constituent la matrice. Ainsi, Minerva Britanna voit le jour alors même que l’Angleterre pleure la mort du jeune Henri, prince héritier de la couronne et destinataire du recueil d’emblèmes d’Henry Peacham. Cette thèse propose une étude de l’art emblématique de ce polygraphe anglais peu connu et peu acclamé par la critique. Elle prend appui sur l’examen minutieux de son recueil, Minerva Britanna et s’attache à démontrer la qualité graphique des pictura emblématiques ainsi que la polyvalence des thèmes abordés par l’emblémiste.Un premier temps aborde la question de l’art emblématique d’Henry Peacham sous un angle biographique et bibliographique. Cette partie initiale nous donne l’occasion de découvrir la genèse de l’ouvrage ainsi que sa composition avant de nous pencher sur le développement du genre emblématique en Angleterre. L’étude vise plus précisément à démontrer que l’ouvrage de Peacham prend des accents militants et que l’auteur se veut le porte-parole des artistes anglais dont le statut demeure très instable.La deuxième partie se penche sur la question générique. On remarque que Minerva Britanna tient à la fois du conduct book anglais mais également du genre des specula principum en passant par celui du memento mori. Cela nous permet de mettre en évidence la polyvalence de ce recueil d’emblèmes mais également l’éclectisme du style peachamien. Ce deuxième temps est, en outre, l’occasion de faire le point sur les sources de l’auteur et sur la manière dont il clame son désir d’originalité tout en revendicant ses diverses sources d’inspiration.Enfin, une troisième partie vise à démontrer Minerva Britanna constitue une analyse des premières années du règne jacobéen. Il est ainsi question de politique intérieure puisque le recueil évoque tour à tour la philosophie du règne, la notion d’absolutisme monarchique, mais aussi les difficultés d’ordre religieux auxquelles doit faire face le roi. La politique extérieure du royaume est scrutée de près. Minerva Britanna témoigne en effet de l’épineux projet d’Union entre l’Angleterre et l’Écosse, ce qui nous amène également à nous pencher sur la question de l’identité nationale ainsi que sur l’ouverture au monde du royaume d’Angleterre. / Henry Peacham had a masterpiece published in 1612: Minerva Britanna. This collection of emblems represents the outcome of years of work on several manuscripts which he revised and which make up the main sources of the book. Minerva Britanna was published at the time when England was mourning for Prince Henry, deceased heir to the throne and addressee of Peacham’s book of emblems. This thesis aims at putting forward the worth of the emblematic art of this polygraph English artist who is not very famous and not often praised by critics. This analysis is based on a detailed study of Minerva Britanna and its purpose is to demonstrate the graphic quality of the emblematic picture as well as the variety of the themes treated by the emblemist.First, I shall deal with Henry Peacham’s emblematic art from a biographical and bibliographical angle. This will also enable the reader to discover the book’s genesis as well as its composition before analyzing the development of the emblematic genre in England. I will show that Peacham’s book takes on militant overtones and that the artist wants to present himself as the spokesman of English artists whose status was greatly unstable.Then, I will turn to the notion of genre. I will show to what extent Minerva Britanna can be seen as typical of the English “conduct book”, but also as representative of the specula principum and memento mori genres. This will clearly put forward the variety of this emblem book but also the eclecticism of Peacham’s style. I shall deal with the importance of the author’s source material in order to prove that Peacham skilfully handles both his thirst for originality and his desire to honour those who inspired his work.Finally, a third and last part will show that Minerva Britanna is also a historical analysis of the first years of James as King of England. I shall deal with domestic politics so as to examine the philosophy of James’s rule and the notion of monarchic absolutism but also the religious difficulties that the King had to face. James I’s foreign policy will also be under study. I shall demonstrate that Minerva Britanna is a testimony of the burning issue that was the Union scheme between England and Scotland. This will lead me to consider the question of national identity as well as England’s position concerning the New World.

Collective title supplied from typewritten manuscript of the thesis / Includes bibliographical references. / Incomplete (lacks pts. v-viii) / 15 items (14 items bound) : / Typescript, reprints / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Consists of a thesis (ms. typescript, hand written corrections) and reprints of collateral research papers submitted for the D.Sc. degree to the University of Adelaide by Brose / Thesis (D.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, 1931

Originally presented as the author's thesis, Columbia University. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 246-249).

This thesis seeks to examine not any single theory of kingship in Shakespeare's 'Henriad', but the evolving methods of its representation from Richard II's assumed embodiment of monarchic authority to Henry V's unapologetic performance of the kingly role. As well, it explores how a shared awareness of authority's performed nature forces the spectator into knowing her own creative authority and in doing so, heightens not only the tension between gazer and gazed-upon, but also lays bare the spectator's need to watch a desired object and the performing object's overarching wish to be watched. The paper's critical foundation ranges from phenomenological approaches to the theatre and gender performance to studies on the spectacle of kingship.

Three streams with watersheds of different land uses (urban, agricultural, and forested) were chosen for this study. A composite sample of diatoms was obtained from small rocks in a riffle of each stream and identified to genera. Water chemistry measurements included chloride, sulfate, nitrate, conductivity, pH, alkalinity and temperature.Conductivity, chloride, and sulfate were significantly higher in the urban watershed and lowest in the forested watershed. However, the forested watershed had the highest levels of nitrate, which may have come from groundwater or organic matter decomposition. Alkalinity, pH andtemperature did not vary among watersheds.Diatom diversity was significantly higher in the forested watershed. Several diatom genera, Amphora, Cymbella and Gyrosigma, were positively correlated with nitrate and negatively correlated with conductivity, chloride and sulfate, which indicate their potential use as indicators of water quality. / Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management