A boldina é o principal alcaloide encontrado no Peumus boldus, muito utilizado na medicina tradicional principalmente pelos seus efeitos gastrointestinais e hepáticos. Estudos indicam que apresenta diversas atividades farmacológicas como coletérica, hipnótica, citoprotetora, antitumoral, antiinflamatória, antipirética, antiplaquetária, antiplasmódica, antidiabética, antihipertensiva, inibidora da tirosinase e da acetilcolinesterase, antagonista dopaminérgico (receptores D1 e D2 like), adrenérgico (receptores α1 e α2) e serotoninérgico (receptores 5-HT3), entre outras. O chá de boldo (Peumus boldus) é muito utilizado por gestantes para aliviar os efeitos negativos da gestação como, constipação, cólicas uterinas, cefaleia e náuseas; controverso a esse uso ele também é muito utilizado como abortivo. Este estudo procurou identificar qual sua ação em ratas Wistar tratadas durante o período gestacional, GD1 ao dia anterior ao parto, nas doses de 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg e 100 mg/kg, uma vez ao dia, no ciclo claro, por meio gavagem. Conclui-se que o uso da boldina e do chá de P. boldus deve ser evitado durante o período gestacional pois seu uso na gestação causou alterações no desempenho reprodutiva das fêmeas, perda pré e pós implantação e mortes ao nascimento e pós-natais, além da modificação do comportamento materno (latência para lamber); foram encontradas também alterações no desenvolvimento da proles de fêmeas tratadas com boldina, em seu desempenho nos testes de reflexos (teste de endireitamento, geotaxia e agarrar), físico (abertura de olhos) e reprodutivo (abertura vaginal, descida de testículos e separação prepucial), assim como alteração no peso de órgãos de machos e fêmeas, na produção de espermatozoides e no percentual de espermatozoides com alteração (anormais). / Boldine is the main alkaloid found in Peumus boldus, widely used in traditional medicine mainly for its gastrointestinal and hepatic effects. Studies indicate that it presents several pharmacological activities as a choleretic, hypnotic, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-plasmodic, antipyretic, antiplatelet, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, dopaminergic antagonist (D1 and D2 like receptors), α-adrenergic receptors antagonist (α 1 and α 2 receptors) and serotonergic receptors antagonist (5-HT 3 receptors), among others. Boldo’s tea (Peumus boldus) is widely used by pregnant women to alleviate the negative effects of pregnancy such as constipation, uterine cramps, headache and nausea; Controversely it is also widely used as an abortive substance The aim of this study was to identify the effect of boldine on Wistar rats treated during the gestational period, day 1 of gestation to the day before birth, at doses of 1mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 100mg/kg, daily, light cycle, by gavage. We concluded that the use of boldine and P. boldus tea should be avoided during the gestational period because its use in the gestacional period caused alterations in the reproductive performance of females, loss of pre and post implantation and deaths at birth and postnatal, besides modification of maternal behavior (latence to pup licking); alterations in the development of the offspring which the females were treated with boldine were observed, in their performance in the reflex tests (straightening, geotaxy and grab), physical development (eye opening) and reproductive development (vaginal opening, testicle descent and preputial separation), as well as changes in the weight of male and female organs, in the production of spermatozoa and in the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa.

Documented as serving in the midwife capacity from the 1880s to the 1930s, the “granny-woman,” often was the only line of defense regarding childbirth support practices for many childbearing age women living in the region during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The early twentieth century saw the granny-women discredited and subject to elimination as a result of a purposeful campaign conducted by the male-dominated medical profession. Using knowledge of herbal remedies, the granny-woman played an integral part in the survival of the inhabitants of the region, especially related to childbirth. These centuries-old, herbal-based ministrations have been explored to aid in dispelling the erroneous conclusions related to the vital community role fulfilled by the Southern Appalachian granny-woman. Possessing knowledge of herbal-based childbirth prevention measures, the Southern Appalachian granny-woman rarely provided specifics related to the use of these measures by the women living in the region during that era.

Diseases of Women, Book I, is part of the Hippocratic Corpus of approximately seventy treatises, although different authors contributed to the writings, as is evident by slight changes in text. It is the first of three works by Hippocrates on gynaecological problems. Fifth century BC doctors did not dissect either humans or animals, so their theories were based purely on observation and experience. Book I deals with women who have problems with menstruation, either the lack of it or an excess, infertility and, when conception does take place, the threat of miscarriage and dealing with the stillborn child. Various remedies are given, including herbal infusions, vapour baths and mixtures that the modern day patient would shudder at, e.g. animal dung and headless, wingless beetles. One remedy, hypericum, or St John's Wort, used for depression, has become popular today as an alternative medicine. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / M.A. (with specialisation in Ancient Languages and Cultures)

Diseases of Women, Book I, is part of the Hippocratic Corpus of approximately seventy treatises, although different authors contributed to the writings, as is evident by slight changes in text. It is the first of three works by Hippocrates on gynaecological problems. Fifth century BC doctors did not dissect either humans or animals, so their theories were based purely on observation and experience. Book I deals with women who have problems with menstruation, either the lack of it or an excess, infertility and, when conception does take place, the threat of miscarriage and dealing with the stillborn child. Various remedies are given, including herbal infusions, vapour baths and mixtures that the modern day patient would shudder at, e.g. animal dung and headless, wingless beetles. One remedy, hypericum, or St John's Wort, used for depression, has become popular today as an alternative medicine. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / M.A. (with specialisation in Ancient Languages and Cultures)

Final master work, 41 pages, 15 graphical scheme, 6 tables, 29 references and 2 annex. Keywords: Sociological investigation, self-medication, popularity of self-medication, treatment and self-treatment, medicaments, OTC drugs, non-OTC drugs, advertisement, respondent, gastro intestinal disorder, pharmacist in self-medication, herbal remedies. Self-medication should be understood as a treatment of easy and uncomplicated disorder without the help of a health care specialist. Self-medication process occur when the self-healer can exactly realize his or her disorder or symptoms of his or her disease, they can chose the most suitable medicament and use it properly for not longer than 7 days. The proper self-medicament should not cause any undesirable effects and worsen the patient’s health condition. Only OTC drug are suitable in self-medication. Before start using the medicament, the patient should always read carefully the note and information leaflet. Work object: citizen of Kaunas City. Work subject: patients, 2nd year students of the Technological University of Kaunas (KTU), company workers. Work aim: Evaluate the self-healing between the citizen of Kaunas City suffering from Gastrointestinal tract disorder. Task work: 1. Theoretical analysis of self-medication 2. Investigate the gastrointestinal problems between the citizen of Kaunas city. 3. Investigate the treatment peculiarity between the citizen of Kaunas city. Method of analysis :... [to full text]