This study seeks to establish a basic theory that explains the policies and practices of civilian and military regimes on higher education in Nigeria. Specifically, the study seeks to determine whether or not the Nigerian military regimes gave top priority to higher education through financing, planning and staffing of the universities system of Nigeria. The first chapter is designed to set a general guideline for this research, mainly pointing to various methodological and theoretical foundations of the research. Chapter Two throws some light on the development of the British colonial policies that have influenced the contemporary behavior of the Nigerian public policy makers. In addition, it lays a foundation for the subsequent chapters through critical analysis of issues in the historical dynamics of Nigeria. Chapter Three focuses mainly on the comparative analysis of the general military public policy decrees from 1966 to 1978, regime by regime. The importance of this chapter is the fact that it synthesizes in an orderly manner those 'major decrees or public policies of the various Nigerian military regimes. Chapter Four is devoted to the study of a brief history of educational policies and philosophies in Nigeria. It examines the place of the University Education on the list of priorities affected by the Nigerian public policies. An effort is made to assess higher education policies and their implementation. In Chapter Five, an attempt is made to examine higher education policies under the Nigerian military regimes. Major emphasis is placed on policy orientations rather than technical issues. This section is pertinent and interesting because it is based upon a critical evaluation, as well as an objective assessment of Nigerian higher education policies. Chapter Six is devoted to the implementation of Nigerian higher education policies under the military regimes. It is in this chapter that the three policy areas--financing, staffing and planning are re-evaluated. Chapter Seven then deals with the evaluation and analysis of the problems and Chapter Eight presents the general summary and conclusions. As a part of the summary and conclusions, the overall implications, recommendations and contributions are presented. Thus, based on data available, it seems clear that the Nigerian military regimes developed and implemented an effective national higher education policy and gave financial, planning, and staffing priority to that policy. As a result, there are more equitable educational opportunities across the nation and the quality of education received has improved significantly under the Nigerian military regimes.

With the advent of neoliberal globalization in the 1980s, international student mobility (ISM) has become a significant social and educational phenomenon. Given the increasing magnitude of international student flows from developing countries to the developed or major member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), this research explores major OECD policy positions on international students, related priorities in higher education, and the influence of the GATT, the WTO and the GATS on higher education in these countries. Chinese graduate student perspectives are also drawn upon to understand Chinese student migrations to Canada in pursuit of higher education. The research considers ISM as a social and educational phenomenon of student migration across borders for higher education. Given the focus on exploration, meanings and understandings, an interpretive approach and qualitative case study strategy have been utilized to examine relative policy positions and to understand the experiences of Chinese graduate students who study at the University of Alberta (U of A) with the view to contribute towards qualitative studies of ISM. / Theoretical, Cultural and International Studies in Education

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After the Jomtien conference and the World Declaration, Education for all in 1990, by UNESCO, education began to be a topic of greater relevance for global politics, and not only for domestic politics. The thesis aims to examine the construction of the OECD’s discourse about higher education using Chile as a Case of study, through the analysis of the OECD’s document Reviews of National Policies for Education, Education in Chile, published in 2017, and on the Law 21091 of Higher Education in Chile promulgated in 2018. For this, from poststructuralist theory, and using the concepts of legitimacy and norm as a theoretical framework, discourse analysis is carried out using the What is the Problem Represented to be approached. Thus, the thesis reveals that the OECD discourse is built on OECD preconceived standards, and not on particular standards for Chile, however, this also leads Chile to recognize itself as a country part of a world elite.

Cette recherche examine les transformations actuelles de l'enseignement universitaire, à partir d'une approche sociologique des curricula. Elle interroge l'action de recontextualisation des curricula et des savoirs dans sa double dimension sociale. D'une part, cette action est menée par une base sociale au sein d'une arène où différents groupes d'agents avec des fonctions spécialisées sont en relation: agents pédagogiques, évaluateurs nationaux et universitaires des formations, producteurs de politiques de l'enseignement supérieur. D'autre part, cette action de recontextualisation porte ses traces dans la structuration interne des curricula, à travers des opérations sociales de sélection et d'organisation des savoirs. Les constats s'appuient sur une analyse qualitative qui associe plusieurs types de matériaux, articulant pratiques et contenus: récits de pratique d'agents universitaires, documents officiels et rapports d'évaluation, programmes d'enseignement des masters professionnels en sciences humaines et sociales. L'analyse permet de mettre en lumière les caractéristiques et les enjeux épistémiques et sociaux de la "régionalisation" des savoirs, générée par la projection des curricula dans des activités professionnelles au sein des champs socio-économiques. Elle permet aussi d'éclairer les enjeux de la construction du débat sur le changement curriculaire: la manière dont le contrôle institutionnel pèse sur la définition des orientations du changement, mais aussi les possibilités d'une révision collective du problème de la transmission des savoirs. / This research examines the current changes in higher education, using a sociological approach to the curricula. The thesis questions the recontextualisation of curricula and of knowledge in its double social dimension. The first dimension refers to the social basis of the process. The recontextualisation takes place within an arena where a variety of groups with specialised functions are in relation: pedagogic agents, national and university experts, producers of higher education policies. The second dimension refers to the effects these actions have on the internal structuring of curricula, through social selection and organisation of knowledge. The findings are based on a qualitative analysis crossing data, by articulating practices and contents. Included are interviews with university agents, official documents and assessment reports in addition to programmes of study of "professional masters" in humanities and social sciences. The analysis reveals the epistemic and social stakes of the phenomenon of "regionalisation" of knowledge, generated by a projection of the curricula to socio-economic activities. It also sheds light on questions about the construction of the debate on curriculum change: what, precisely, is the role played by the institutional control in the definition of orientations for change, as well as what are the possibilities of a collective revision of the problem of the transmission of knowledge.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-17T12:56:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese revisão final [Versão depósito final][BC-UFPE].pdf: 2528363 bytes, checksum: 99d4fa704cc64483de84dde6af9ff39d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-17T12:56:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese revisão final [Versão depósito final][BC-UFPE].pdf: 2528363 bytes, checksum: 99d4fa704cc64483de84dde6af9ff39d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / O trabalho busca descrever a articulação entre avaliação interna e externa a partir da perspectiva tecnológica, política e cultural e como essa articulação condiciona ou provoca mudanças na concepção de avaliação institucional no AVALIES. O referencial teórico-metodológico do estudo foi realizado à luz do modelo teórico das “perspectivas de inovação educativa” de House (1994), que propõe a tridimensionalidade da avaliação. A análise foi complementada pela teoria de avaliação democrática de MacDonald (1995). O direcionamento do estudo voltou-se para a análise de um dos três instrumentos de avaliação do SINAES, a Avaliação das Instituições de Educação Superior (AVALIES), centro de referência e articulação do sistema formado pela avaliação interna, coordenada pela Comissão Própria de Avaliação (CPA) na IES, e a avaliação externa, realizada por comissões designadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP). Ambas as avaliações seguem as diretrizes estabelecidas pela Comissão Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (CONAES). Os dados que constituíram o corpus da pesquisa foram obtidos por meio da coleta de documentos, observação de campo e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas em três Instituições Federais de Educação Superior (IFES), no INEP e na CONAES. Quanto ao tratamento dos dados coletados procurou-se caracterizar e agrupá-los consoante uma perspectiva de categorização – técnica de análise temática ou categorial, para desvelar os diferentes núcleos de sentido que constituem a comunicação, e posteriormente, realizar o seu reagrupamento em classes ou categorias. Problematizar o AVALIES significa buscar compreender como a perspectiva da melhoria da qualidade da educação influencia a necessidade de ampliar as fronteiras da avaliação, para que possa ser aplicada de modo efetivo ao campo da educação superior. Os resultados mostraram que o formato gerencial que o AVALIES assume em seu arcabouço normativo e em seu processo de implementação altera a concepção de avaliação institucional, pois nesse âmbito o desenho da avaliação inibe a ampliação das formas de participação e o envolvimento democrático dos agentes/segmentos da comunidade universitária nas IES e da sociedade civil, bem como restringe a adoção de procedimentos metodológicos que viabilizem o diálogo e a articulação entre as IES, a sociedade e o Estado, revelando a cultura do silenciamento, da neutralidade, da burocratização e do formalismo em torno dos processos de avaliação interna e externa. Constatou-se que, no SINAES, o Estado tende a estabelecer os parâmetros do AVALIES em detrimento da comunidade universitária e da sociedade civil, para legitimar a adoção e gestão de políticas públicas de avaliação voltadas aos novos moldes da regulação e modernização das Instituições de Educação Superior. Também assume a responsabilidade de ordenar e controlar a adoção do modelo e dos processos de avaliação, desvirtuando a concepção de avaliação institucional democrática e comprometendo a coerência avaliativa entre a dimensão nacional e a especificidade de cada instituição avaliada. / It aims to understand the articulation between internal and external evaluation from the technological, political and cultural perspectives, as well as how it conditions or transforms the conception of institutional evaluation. House’s theoretical model of “educative innovation perspectives" and the MacDonald’s “democratic evaluation theory” compound the theoretical framework of the study. Empirically, it focus on the AVALIES (Evaluation of Higher Education Institutions), formed, on the one hand, by the internal evaluation, coordinated by the Institutional Assessment Commission (CPA) and, on the other hand, the external evaluation, carried out by commissions appointed by the National Institute for Educational Research (INEP). Documents, field observation and semi-structured interviews carried out in three Federal Universities, INEP and CONAES formed the research data. The data analysis sought to characterize and group them according to a classification perspective e thematic categorical analysis technique, to unveil the different units of meaning that make up the communication, and subsequently realize its reunification in classes or categories. The results have showed the management design that AVALIES assumes in its regulatory framework and implementation process, changes the design of institutional evaluation. This happens because evaluation design inhibited wide participation and democratic involvement of academic community and civil society, and limited the adoption of methodological procedures that can enable dialogue and articulation between HEIs, society and the state, showing the culture of silencing, of neutrality, bureaucratization and formalism in around the internal and external evaluation processes. In the SINAES, the state tends to establish the AVALIES parameters at the expense of the academic community and civil society, to legitimize the adoption and management of public policy evaluation geared to new patterns of regulation and modernization of the HEI. The state also responsibility for ordering and controlling the assessment processes, distorting the concept of democratic institutional evaluation and compromising the evaluative coherence between the national and institutional dimension of evaluation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:15:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacaoterezaveloso.pdf: 1843269 bytes, checksum: 04cdeea0ef08ccea5f6e90d1bfb1216d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-25 / Integrated to the Research Line State and Educational Policy, this study is about the Reorientation Policy of the university course in the Health Area, of the Health and Education Ministries, focusing on the National Program of Encouragement to Curricular Changes in the Medicine Course (PROMED), seeking to analyze the impact of the program on the Medicine course of the UFG. The research, which is a case study, worked with the field and habitus concept of Pierre Bourdieu as a referential of analysis in the organization and understanding of the data, obtained from documental sources and semi-structured interviews, with participants from PROMED. Concerning the implementation of the Program at the School of Medicine, the indication is that the habitus of the training of medical doctors is manifested through resistance from a part of the faculty to the transformation process in the training of medical doctors, determinant for the College to innovate in some areas and in others simply make changes. It emphasizes the pedagogical training of the faculty and of tutors in the public health system among the strategies of the Program, recognizing the importance of the participation of these agents in the process of change in the training of future medical doctors. The conclusion points to the changes in the medical formation as a process, that transcend the control of PROMED, even though the induction of changes in the course was already given and also a discussion on the institution responsibility regarding the Health Policies / ntegrando a Linha de Pesquisa Estado e Política Educacional, este estudo tem como objeto a Política de Reorientação da Graduação na Área da Saúde, dos Ministérios da Saúde e da Educação, com enfoque no Programa Nacional de Incentivo a Mudanças Curriculares no Curso de Medicina (PROMED), buscando analisar os resultados do programa no curso de Medicina da UFG. A pesquisa, do tipo estudo de caso, trabalhou com o método do conhecimento praxiológico, o conceito de campo e de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu como referencial de análise na organização e compreensão dos dados, obtidos de fontes documentais e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com participantes do PROMED. Sobre a implementação do Programa na Faculdade de Medicina, poderíamos indicar que o habitus da formação do médico se manifesta por meio da resistência de parte de seu corpo docente para o processo de transformação da formação médica, determinantes para que a Faculdade em alguns eixos/vetores do programa consiga inovar e em outros apenas realizar mudanças. Enfatiza a formação pedagógica do corpo docente e de tutores da rede pública de saúde dentre as estratégias do Programa reconhecendo a importante participação desses agentes no processo de mudança na formação de seus graduados. A conclusão aponta a transformação na formação médica como um processo que, mesmo já oportunizada a indução de mudanças na graduação e promovida a discussão da responsabilidade institucional frente às Políticas de Saúde, transcende a vigência do PROMED

The purpose of this study was to review higher education in Nigeria from 1960-1985 with emphasis on curriculum development, to identify the changes that took place during that period, and to utilize those changes to evaluate the current state of Nigerian higher education. In order to fulfill the purpose of this study, answers were sought for six research questions. Chapter 1 includes a statement of the problem, purpose of this study, research questions, background, and significance of the study. Chapter 2 presents information on the methods of gathering and analyzing data. Chapter 3 is a review of the background literature. Chapter 4 presents information on higher education and curriculum development 1960-1985, and Chapter 5 covers the Nigeria National Curriculum Conference of 1969. The findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the study are presented in Chapter 6.

Comment établir une juste répartition de l’accès aux connaissances entre les Etats et envisager ce que pourraient être des politiques universitaires équitables, à l’échelle globale ? C’est ce qu’entend montrer ce travail qui, tout en présentant l’origine historique de la situation d’inégalités qui caractérise le monde académique contemporain, engage une réflexion sur les modalités d’application des principes usuels de la justice distributive à l’échelle globale, dans un contexte où dorénavant la croissance et les échanges se fondent sur la production de biens immatériels. En s’appuyant sur la théorie des « biens publics globaux », il est ainsi possible de redéfinir les modalités de la coopération universitaire pour la faire sortir de la logique de l’aide qui a, depuis l’époque coloniale jusqu’à nos jours, caractérisé les relations académiques internationales. / How can we establish a fair distribution of access to knowledge between the states and consider what might be fair higher education policies, on a global scale ? That is what intends to demonstrate this work, presenting the historical roots of the inequalities that characterize the contemporary academic world and initiating a reflection about the application of usual principles of distributive justice on the global scale, in a context of increasing production of intangible goods. The general theory of "global public goods" makes possible the redefinition of academic cooperation, in order to depart from the logic of assistance that, since colonial times to the present day, characterized international academic relations.

Cette thèse met en question la place du territoire dans les missions universitaires à partir de deux cas d’étude Syracuse University (État de New York, États-Unis) et Paris Nanterre (France). L’analyse propose le concept d’implication universitaire et interroge alors les positionnements et actions volontairement entrepris par des universités ou des universitaires envers et avec des acteurs non académiques pour apporter une contribution à la société dans le cadre de leurs missions et activités universitaires. L’approche comparée met en regard deux universités qui portent une posture d’université engagée comme levier de différenciation et d’attractivité institutionnelle en fonction de leurs modèles nationaux respectifs. L’analyse de la mise en œuvre de cette posture d’implication met en lumière les contrastes de moyens d’action des deux établissements, tout en distinguant des logiques de territorialisation communes : le territoire de l’université est à la fois cadre d’inscription, terrain d’investissement et enjeu de transformation et de délimitation. L’échelon des enseignants-chercheurs est enfin étudié dans ses rapports avec l’institution de rattachement, mettant en lumière à la fois les types d’incitations adressées par les universités à leurs membres pour les intégrer à leurs projets et politiques d’implication territoriale, et les stratégies des enseignants-chercheurs à l’égard de leur établissement. / This thesis deals with the place of the territory in university missions using two case studies: Syracuse University (New York State, United States) and Paris Nanterre (France). Based on the concept of university engagement, the analysis questions the positions and actions voluntarily undertaken by universities or academics to contribute to society issues. The comparative approach looks at two universities that are using their commitment as an argument to be more attractive according to their respective national models. The leaders of the two universities promote a renewed theorization of the university's missions and its territorial functions. The analysis of the implementation of this posture of engagement highlights the different means of action of the two institutions, while distinguishing similar territorial logics: the territory of the university is at the same time a frame of action, a land of investment, and an asset to be changed and defined the way the universities want it to be. The faculty level is also studied in its relations with the institution, highlighting at the same time various types of incentives addressed by the universities to their members to integrate them in their projects, and the faculty strategies towards their institution.