The purpose of this essay is to illustrate, by using history didactic concepts and the history of timber rafting on the Klarälv, the role of local history in school context. To achieve my aim and to broaden the essay four teachers were interviewed and a survey was conducted among high school pupils. The information on the subject has been gathered through literature on timber rafting and by an interview with a raft man. Literature was also used for obtaining information regarding history didactics.   Through Värmland flows the longest river in Sweden, Klarälven, which for over 400 years was used for the transportation of timber. The extensive work that was timber rafting, affected all of Sweden and vice versa. It gave rise to work opportunities and created a growing ground for industry along the river. Preserved memories of log-floating tell of a bygone era which mustn't be lost. The task of schools is to pass this knowledge on to future generations in order to preserve the history of an important part of the Swedish cultural heritage.   The result shows that timber rafting isn't paid much attention during history classes in school. Since history is such a broad subject, some things are considered too narrow to be properly introduced. The history subject is the largest of the SO subjects due to its permeating nature, and by furthering the cross-subject cooperation students are aided in their cognitive development as they should compare and analyse from four perspectives rather than one. As well, teachers consider themselves having a greater freedom in grading when combining the four SO subjects. Local history represents only a small part of the total education, but is ought to be paid greater attention as it provides the students with a greater ability to see patterns on a global level.

The essay explores nationalism in the curriculum of the swedish school from 1878 to 1994. The text has been undertaken an analysis in three levels of discourse based on Norman Faircloughs critical language analysis. The first level is the text, the second is types of discourses and the third is order of discourse. The nationalism in the curriculum has been related to three nationalistic types of discourses, derived from earlier studies on Swedish nationalism. They are conservative nationalism, “folkhemsnationalism” and contemporary nationalism. These discourses are related to Antonio Gramscis theory on hegemony and power in the capitalist society witch covers the order of discourse level of the analysis. Nationalism is then viewed as an ideology to maintain status quo and that the discursive changes are the result of an hegemonic negotiation between dominant and subaltern.  The study shows how an conservative nationalism dominates in the curriculum from 1878 and 1919. There is some signs of the “folkhemsnationalism” in 1919 but it is not until 1955 that it becomes dominant. The contemporary nationalism is a less clear category than the earlier kinds. It is existing in 1969, then there is a movement backwards in the 1980 before the contemporary nationalism becomes dominant in 1994.

En undersökning genomförs av de större företagen inom svensk kärnkraftindustri efter ca. 1990, främst med avseende på ändringar i företagens ägande och marknadspositioner. Undersökningen omfattar såväl kärnkraftverken och deras ägare, kraftbolagen, och kärnkraftverkens huvudleverantörer av kärntekniska produkter. Stora förändringar påvisas till följd av ny lagstiftning och nya marknadsvillkor (internationalisering)

<p>Under 1960- och 1970-talen utvecklas svensk socialpolitik starkt och sysselsättningsgraden stiger markant. Allt fler kvinnor börjar lönearbeta och hemmafrubegreppet luckras upp och försvinner mer eller mindre på ett decennium. Begreppet jämställdhet etableras i den politiska debatten och introduceras även för första gången i läroplan för grundskolan 1969.</p><p>Den här samhällsutvecklingen märks mycket tydligt i läromedlen för mellanstadiet och på bara drygt tio år sker en enorm förändring. Från att vara starkt präglade av hemmafruidealet samt tydligt normativa vad gäller särskiljandet på pojkars och flickors egenskaper och intressen, till att mer eller mindre vara helt könsneutrala vad gäller de arbeten, utbildningar och fritidsintressen som illustreras och beskrivs i läroböckerna.</p><p>Ändå visar det sig att utvecklingen i läroböckerna är något släpande i förhållande till den samhällspolitiska utvecklingen i stort. Detta kan bero på att läromedel ofta har en lång produktionstid och således tenderar att hålla fast vid gamla normer och fördomar längre än vad den samtida samhällsdebatten anger.</p>

<p>The purpose of this essay is to try and bring clarity to the question, what is Chick Lit and which factors make it so popular. My thesis  endeavors to explain that it is not only the promise of light entertainment that draws the reader, but also the possibility that in an easy way they can read about existential questions such as self-development  and life -choices.</p><p>As well as mapping out Chick Lit´s specific characteristics, followed by previous research on the subject and the litterateur’s history, I have found it interesting to discuss the female characters, their personalities and life choice’s against a backdrop of existentialistic philosophy.</p><p>In my research of this form of literateur I have discovered that chick lit often deals with existential universal problems, and that in order to be entertaining these books must contain a serious element.</p>

<p>The aim of this thesis is to analyse and problematize the concept of culture and its changes during the 1960s. By examining articles out of the periodical Ord&Bild 1962-1972, I show how an aesthetically marked concept, closely related to the concept of art, changes into an anthropological perspective where attention is drawn to the social, economical, political and ideological aspects. This change is viewed in relation to the works of three prominent cultural theorists from the 1960s: Raymond Williams, Marshall McLuhan and Herbert Marcuse.</p><p>The change that the concept of culture undergoes can be illuminated in several ways. Epistemologically questions of art, its objectivity and relation to reality, are replaced by questions of the function of art and of its role as reproducing ideas and norms of a bourgeois society. Economical and social aspects are used as critical factors in discussing the role and conception of culture, a perspective that gives the discussion a political and ideological edge. Another related track of change is that attention is brought to the relationship between culture as norms and values and culture as art, also known as “high culture”. This means that the idea of an universal culture is criticized for its excluding tendencies. By the end of the decade, the concept of culture has lost its universal meaning and is, among other things, used to endorse and emphasize a specific identity. Culture is key concept in a critical discussion about society and is also seen as a way of changing this society. Culture can then be viewed as a “concept of struggle”.</p><p>The change that the concept of culture goes through is related to changes in the society as a whole, as well as to underlying ideas and visions about the society. The change must not be understood as a consequence of the political escalation during the 1960s, but is to be seen as a development parallel to this radicalization of society.</p>

<p>This essay is called In the head of Garibaldi – a study about the portrayal of Garibaldi in biographies and focuses on the literary portrayal of Garibaldi in biographies published in the early 20th century and the early 21st century. The purpose of the essay is to describe the possible changes in the way of portraying Garibaldi in biographies and compare the portraying to the portrayal of Garibaldi that Garibaldi himself gives in the American translation of his memoirs, which were published in New York 1859.I have in this study used a constructivist approach with focus on the attributes, ideals and roles of Garibaldi. Research and thoughts from a wide field of science has been used, for example the works on nationalism by Elie Kedourie and Ernest Gellner. The thoughts on biographies as a scientific genre as described in the anthologies Att skriva människan (Ambjörnsson, Ringby & Åkerman red.) and Med livet som insats (Rosengren & Östling red.) has also been of the utmost importance of the study.The results of the study shows that there has been changes in the way of portraying Garibaldi in biographies, as showed in the more unbiased portrayals in the newer biographies. A larger focus on criticism of the sources is also apparent in the newer biographies. In a comparison between the biographies and Garibaldi‟s memoirs it stands clear that the memoirs and the biographies portrays and depicts the myth of Garibaldi, with more or less focus on fiction.</p>

<p>This essay describes how the author gradually gets a deeper understanding for his profession and the development of his professional skills, attitude and practice. </p><p>The essay contains two main narratives representing examples from the author´s occupational practice, and through those narratives he tells how his practice alters and develops. These stories are also the basis for considering different aspects on how to get good models for practising a profession when you are a beginner, and how to manage ethical dilemmas. </p><p>The starting point is when the author in the beginning of his career as a rural pastor is visiting a seriously ill parishioner at a province hospital. The course and the outcome of this call is surprising the young pastor, and the author tries to analyze the background to the outcome and assesses several possible explanations for the result of his call. </p><p>The narrative is used to examine the attitude, the professional skills and the social and existential context for the author at that time. The patriarchal patterns in the parish are illuminated and questioned. </p><p>In the second part of the essay the author investigates what will happen when pastoral cure transforms to psychotherapy, and how the author deals with phenomena in the therapeutical process such as idealization and secondary traumatization. </p><p>On basis of texts written by among others Ingela Josefson, Fredrik Svenaeus, Christian Nilsson and Ulla Ekström von Essen the author seeks explanation for the development of his practical knowledge. With references to philosofers as Plato, Aristotle, H.G. Gadamer, Hannah Arendt, Dreyfus&Dreyfus among others he discusses how the theory of practical knowledge can be used in describing the development of professional skill and professional ethics in a person being both curate and psychotherapist.</p><p> </p>

This essay describes how the author gradually gets a deeper understanding for his profession and the development of his professional skills, attitude and practice.  The essay contains two main narratives representing examples from the author´s occupational practice, and through those narratives he tells how his practice alters and develops. These stories are also the basis for considering different aspects on how to get good models for practising a profession when you are a beginner, and how to manage ethical dilemmas.  The starting point is when the author in the beginning of his career as a rural pastor is visiting a seriously ill parishioner at a province hospital. The course and the outcome of this call is surprising the young pastor, and the author tries to analyze the background to the outcome and assesses several possible explanations for the result of his call.  The narrative is used to examine the attitude, the professional skills and the social and existential context for the author at that time. The patriarchal patterns in the parish are illuminated and questioned.  In the second part of the essay the author investigates what will happen when pastoral cure transforms to psychotherapy, and how the author deals with phenomena in the therapeutical process such as idealization and secondary traumatization.  On basis of texts written by among others Ingela Josefson, Fredrik Svenaeus, Christian Nilsson and Ulla Ekström von Essen the author seeks explanation for the development of his practical knowledge. With references to philosofers as Plato, Aristotle, H.G. Gadamer, Hannah Arendt, Dreyfus&amp;Dreyfus among others he discusses how the theory of practical knowledge can be used in describing the development of professional skill and professional ethics in a person being both curate and psychotherapist.

Under 1960- och 1970-talen utvecklas svensk socialpolitik starkt och sysselsättningsgraden stiger markant. Allt fler kvinnor börjar lönearbeta och hemmafrubegreppet luckras upp och försvinner mer eller mindre på ett decennium. Begreppet jämställdhet etableras i den politiska debatten och introduceras även för första gången i läroplan för grundskolan 1969. Den här samhällsutvecklingen märks mycket tydligt i läromedlen för mellanstadiet och på bara drygt tio år sker en enorm förändring. Från att vara starkt präglade av hemmafruidealet samt tydligt normativa vad gäller särskiljandet på pojkars och flickors egenskaper och intressen, till att mer eller mindre vara helt könsneutrala vad gäller de arbeten, utbildningar och fritidsintressen som illustreras och beskrivs i läroböckerna. Ändå visar det sig att utvecklingen i läroböckerna är något släpande i förhållande till den samhällspolitiska utvecklingen i stort. Detta kan bero på att läromedel ofta har en lång produktionstid och således tenderar att hålla fast vid gamla normer och fördomar längre än vad den samtida samhällsdebatten anger.