<p>The aim of this thesis is to analyse and problematize the concept of culture and its changes during the 1960s. By examining articles out of the periodical Ord&Bild 1962-1972, I show how an aesthetically marked concept, closely related to the concept of art, changes into an anthropological perspective where attention is drawn to the social, economical, political and ideological aspects. This change is viewed in relation to the works of three prominent cultural theorists from the 1960s: Raymond Williams, Marshall McLuhan and Herbert Marcuse.</p><p>The change that the concept of culture undergoes can be illuminated in several ways. Epistemologically questions of art, its objectivity and relation to reality, are replaced by questions of the function of art and of its role as reproducing ideas and norms of a bourgeois society. Economical and social aspects are used as critical factors in discussing the role and conception of culture, a perspective that gives the discussion a political and ideological edge. Another related track of change is that attention is brought to the relationship between culture as norms and values and culture as art, also known as “high culture”. This means that the idea of an universal culture is criticized for its excluding tendencies. By the end of the decade, the concept of culture has lost its universal meaning and is, among other things, used to endorse and emphasize a specific identity. Culture is key concept in a critical discussion about society and is also seen as a way of changing this society. Culture can then be viewed as a “concept of struggle”.</p><p>The change that the concept of culture goes through is related to changes in the society as a whole, as well as to underlying ideas and visions about the society. The change must not be understood as a consequence of the political escalation during the 1960s, but is to be seen as a development parallel to this radicalization of society.</p>

The aim of this thesis is to analyse and problematize the concept of culture and its changes during the 1960s. By examining articles out of the periodical Ord&amp;Bild 1962-1972, I show how an aesthetically marked concept, closely related to the concept of art, changes into an anthropological perspective where attention is drawn to the social, economical, political and ideological aspects. This change is viewed in relation to the works of three prominent cultural theorists from the 1960s: Raymond Williams, Marshall McLuhan and Herbert Marcuse. The change that the concept of culture undergoes can be illuminated in several ways. Epistemologically questions of art, its objectivity and relation to reality, are replaced by questions of the function of art and of its role as reproducing ideas and norms of a bourgeois society. Economical and social aspects are used as critical factors in discussing the role and conception of culture, a perspective that gives the discussion a political and ideological edge. Another related track of change is that attention is brought to the relationship between culture as norms and values and culture as art, also known as “high culture”. This means that the idea of an universal culture is criticized for its excluding tendencies. By the end of the decade, the concept of culture has lost its universal meaning and is, among other things, used to endorse and emphasize a specific identity. Culture is key concept in a critical discussion about society and is also seen as a way of changing this society. Culture can then be viewed as a “concept of struggle”. The change that the concept of culture goes through is related to changes in the society as a whole, as well as to underlying ideas and visions about the society. The change must not be understood as a consequence of the political escalation during the 1960s, but is to be seen as a development parallel to this radicalization of society.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rabello_r_dr_mar_prot.pdf: 2681411 bytes, checksum: b9d65fe634b7b7f36bb643ce384769f1 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Dentre as inúmeras possibilidades investigativas no campo da Ciência da Informação (CI), a abordagem histórico-conceitual se faz relevante num momento em que se observam intentos de sistematização e de aprofundamento teórico desta esfera analítica, com preocupações marcadamente epistemológicas. Considerando esse universo investigativo, observou-se que o conceito documento apresenta uma posição privilegiada na “cintura protetora” do “programa de investigação científica” de Imre Lakatos, adaptado à CI por Miguel Rendón Rojas. Todavia, identificou-se que, muitas vezes, o documento fora abordado no campo da CI de forma imprecisa, principalmente, quando não foram sopesados aspectos conceituais relacionados ora pela tradição, ora pela inovação. Tendo em vista o objeto de estudo e a problemática identificada, recorreu-se às disciplinas História, Diplomática e Documentação por serem importantes para uma abordagem histórico-conceitual, justamente por reunirem esforços anteriores à CI para o estudo do documento. A investigação dessas disciplinas se justificou a partir da hipótese de que elas influenciaram e/ou contribuíram para a acepção de documento enquanto uma categoria no universo teórico da CI. Dessa conjectura, emergiram os seguintes objetivos: a) realizar um estudo histórico-conceitual para apreender em que medida as disciplinas analisadas contribuíram para a acepção de documento na CI; e b) compreender a natureza e a abrangência do conceito na CI quando pensado a partir de uma perspectiva social que contemplasse a relação dinâmica entre tradição e inovação no seu quadro teórico. Para tanto, configuram-se tradição e inovação enquanto categorias antitéticas de análise inspiradas naquelas que compõem a Historik de Reinhart Koselleck e que representam, respectivamente, “índices de realidades” e “perspectivas de futuro”... / Among the countless research possibilities in the field of Information Science (IS), the historical-conceptual approach is relevant when we observe intents of systematization and theoretical deepening of this analytical sphere with markedly epistemological concerns. Taking into consideration this research universe, it was observed that the concept document has a privileged position in the “protective belt” of the “scientific research program” of Imre Lakatos adapted to IS by Miguel Rendón Rojas. However, it was seen repeatedly that the document was approached inaccurately in the field of IS, mainly when conceptual aspects related one moment by tradition, and the next by innovation were not counterbalanced. Bearing in mind the objective of the study and the identified problematics, we resorted to the disciplines of History, Diplomatics and Documentation as they were relevant to a historical and conceptual approach, precisely for having studied the document prior to IS. The research of these disciplines was justified by the hypotheses that they have influenced and/or contributed to the meaning of document while a category in the theoretical universe of IS. Based on this conjecture, the following objectives arose: a) to carry out a historical and conceptual study to learn to what extent the analyzed disciplines have contributed for the meaning of document in IS; and b) to understand the nature and the range of the concept in IS when seen under a social perspective that contemplated the dynamic relationship between tradition and innovation in its theoretical framework. Therefore, tradition and innovation are considered as antithetical categories of analysis inspired on those that make up Historik by Reinhart Koselleck and that represent respectively “reality rates” and “perspectives of the future” of the concept document, if seen, above all, from the point of view... (Completo abstract click electronic access below)

Denna studie har haft som avsikt att undersöka begreppet räckvidds roll i en reklamkampanjprocess, samt i vilken utsträckning relationen till begreppen effekt och påverkan är relevanta för att nå denna förståelse. Det har tillämpats en begreppshistorisk analys för att kartlägga räckvidds historiska betydelser parallellt med effekt och påverkan. Därefter har kvalitativ empiri från intervjuer med aktörer från branschen studerats i ett sammanhang med syfte att nå en djupare förståelse för hur deras olika tolkningar av räckvidd har resulterat i dagens olika betydelser. Resultatet visar på begreppet räckvidds skilda innebörder som är beroende på situation och att det som aktör finns en viktig poäng i att vara medveten om dess skilda innebörder i olika sammanhang. / The purpose of the following study is to investigate and analyze the significance of the concept of reach in advertising. Furthermore whether its relationship with effect and influence can contribute to further understanding of the concept. Firstly the concept of reach has been analyzed in a historical context. Together with the concepts of effect and influence, its historical meaning has been investigated and presented. Secondly, several interviews with actors in advertising have been conducted. The main purpose of the interviews has been to hear from those in the trade to understand what their views are of reach, and how they interpret its importance. The information gathered in the interviews shed light on how the advertising community has shaped the discourse of the subject. Additionally, the interviews have enabled an analysis of the evolution of today’s different meanings of the concept of reach. The results indicate that the different meanings of the concept of reach are dependent on the surrounding circumstances of advertisement. Furthermore, as a result it becomes evident that as an actor in the world of advertisement one can benefit from understanding its different interpretations.

Цель исследования состояла в выявлении основных концепций образования Русского централизованного государства, сформулированных в работах советских ученых с начала существования советского государства до 1964 г., в контексте изменений идеологических установок. В работе выявлены и систематизированы одиннадцать концепций, которые были также сведены и в две таблицы, представленные в приложении. Была прослежена эволюция концепций, периода сталинизма и «оттепели» с учетом изменения идеологических установок. Были проанализированы дискуссии, связанные с основными положениями концепций образования централизованного государства. В 1917–1953 гг. историками была проделана большая методологическая работа, проведено несколько дискуссий, но основным предметом оставался вопрос периодизации. После 1953 г. в науке не произошло одномоментно кардинальных изменений. Во многом XX съезд КПСС вызвал бурную реакцию в научном сообществе и породил линию в историографии, направленную на полный пересмотр всего того, что было сделано ранее. В течение 1917–1964 гг. советская историография прошла длительный эволюционный путь в понимании термина «централизация»: от восприятия его в качестве простого объединения земель в рамках одного государства до представлений о многогранном процессе преодоления феодальной раздробленности, включавшем экономические, законодательные, военные, административные, политические преобразования. / The purpose of the study was to identify the main concepts of the formation of the Russian centralized state, formulated in the works of Soviet scientists in the context of changes in ideological attitudes from the beginning of the existence of the Soviet state until 1964. The work identified and systematized eleven concepts, which were presented in two tables in the appendix. The evolution of concepts during the period of Stalinism and the Khrushchev’s "thaw" was traced with the consideration of changes in ideological attitudes. The discussions related to the main ideas explaining the formation of a centralized state were analyzed. In 1917–1953, historians did a lot of methodological work, several discussions were held, but the issue of periodization remained the main subject. After 1953, fundamental changes did not take place at once. In many ways, the 20th Congress of the CPSU caused a strong reaction in the scholarly community and gave rise to a line in historiography aimed at a complete revision of everything that had been done earlier. During 1917–1964 Soviet historiography has gone through a long evolutionary path in understanding the term "centralization": from perceiving it as a simple unification of lands in one state to ideas about the multifaceted process of overcoming feudal fragmentation, which included economic, legislative, military, administrative, and political transformations.

O objetivo desta Tese é analisar como Sergio Buarque de Holanda e Samuel Ramos Magaña trabalharam a ideia de \"revolução\", e entenderam as possibilidades de uma revolução, respectivamente, no Brasil e no México, no início do século XX. Consideram-se, para tanto, os ensaios mais célebres desses dois autores: Raízes do Brasil e El perfil del hombre y la cultura en México, ambos publicados pela primeira vez na década de 1930, mas, como clássicos, tantas vezes lidos e ressignificados por distintas gerações. Partindo de um dos grandes expoentes da História Intelectual, Dominick LaCapra, demonstra-se que as metodologias ali trabalhadas indicam uma preocupação pontual com a crítica dos modos de pensar e ser do brasileiro e do mexicano contemporâneos, reais. Partindo de um dos grandes expoentes da História dos Conceitos, Reinhart Koselleck, considera-se o ambiente em que foram escritos Raízes e El perfil, e demonstra-se que (entre ensaístas e vanguardistas) se encontram num meio-termo, entre volteios críticos produzidos por não-especialistas, e interpretações metodologicamente mais acuradas, consolidadas anos depois. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how Sergio Buarque de Holanda and Samuel Ramos Magaña worked the idea of \"revolution\" and understood the possibilities of a revolution, respectively, in Brazil and Mexico, in the beginning of twentieth century. We consider, therefore, the most celebrated essays of these two authors: Raízes do Brasil and El perfil del hombre y la cultura en México, both first published in the 1930\'s, being classics often read and resignified by different generations. Considering one of the great exponents of Intellectual History, Dominick LaCapra, this Thesis demonstrates that the methodology used by Holanda and Ramos indicate a timely concern with criticism of the real ways of thinking and being of contemporary brazilians and mexicans. Considering one of the great exponents of the History of Concepts, Reinhart Koselleck, it also reckons (pointing similarities and distinctions about other essayists works, and also literary vanguard productions) how Raízes and El perfil are a middle ground between reviews produced by non-specialists and methodologically-accurate interpretations consolidated years later.

O objetivo desta Tese é analisar como Sergio Buarque de Holanda e Samuel Ramos Magaña trabalharam a ideia de \"revolução\", e entenderam as possibilidades de uma revolução, respectivamente, no Brasil e no México, no início do século XX. Consideram-se, para tanto, os ensaios mais célebres desses dois autores: Raízes do Brasil e El perfil del hombre y la cultura en México, ambos publicados pela primeira vez na década de 1930, mas, como clássicos, tantas vezes lidos e ressignificados por distintas gerações. Partindo de um dos grandes expoentes da História Intelectual, Dominick LaCapra, demonstra-se que as metodologias ali trabalhadas indicam uma preocupação pontual com a crítica dos modos de pensar e ser do brasileiro e do mexicano contemporâneos, reais. Partindo de um dos grandes expoentes da História dos Conceitos, Reinhart Koselleck, considera-se o ambiente em que foram escritos Raízes e El perfil, e demonstra-se que (entre ensaístas e vanguardistas) se encontram num meio-termo, entre volteios críticos produzidos por não-especialistas, e interpretações metodologicamente mais acuradas, consolidadas anos depois. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how Sergio Buarque de Holanda and Samuel Ramos Magaña worked the idea of \"revolution\" and understood the possibilities of a revolution, respectively, in Brazil and Mexico, in the beginning of twentieth century. We consider, therefore, the most celebrated essays of these two authors: Raízes do Brasil and El perfil del hombre y la cultura en México, both first published in the 1930\'s, being classics often read and resignified by different generations. Considering one of the great exponents of Intellectual History, Dominick LaCapra, this Thesis demonstrates that the methodology used by Holanda and Ramos indicate a timely concern with criticism of the real ways of thinking and being of contemporary brazilians and mexicans. Considering one of the great exponents of the History of Concepts, Reinhart Koselleck, it also reckons (pointing similarities and distinctions about other essayists works, and also literary vanguard productions) how Raízes and El perfil are a middle ground between reviews produced by non-specialists and methodologically-accurate interpretations consolidated years later.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este é um estudo sobre o conceito de democracia em obras do pensamento político brasileiro publicadas entre 1914 e 1945. A soberania do povo, não obstante impor-se como uma espécie de ideal universal e um dos pilares em que se assenta a legitimidade política na modernidade, longe de instaurar um consenso acerca de seus modos de realização prática, mostrou-se problemática e aberta a uma pluralidade de formatações institucionais, muitas vezes contraditórias entre si. Desse modo, em vez de um debate estruturado entre opositores e defensores da democracia, constatou-se uma forte polêmica no interior do próprio conceito, isto é, em relação aos modos pelos quais seria possível e legítimo implementar a democracia no país. A hipótese da tese é que a polissemia e as controvérsias em torno da definição do conceito remetem ao próprio processo de desincorporação do poder e dos sujeitos da soberania na modernidade: o povo e a nação. Através da análise das obras publicadas no período, buscou-se reconstituir o debate em torno das modalidades de constituição política do povo-nação e elaborar uma tipologia das diferentes respostas dadas ao problema da democracia no contexto brasileiro. / This thesis examines the concept of democracy in works of Brazilian political thought published between 1914-1945. Even if sovereignty of the people impose itself like a universal ideal and one of pillars where lay modern political legitimacy, there is no established consensus about its ways of practice achievement, and this ideal has seemed problematic and open to a plurality of institutional arrangements, sometimes mutually contradictory. In this way, instead a structured debate between supporters and enemies of democracy, it verified a strong polemic inside the concept itself, i. e., about the ways that could be possible and legitimate put into practice democracy in country. This work sustain the hypotheses that polysemy and controversies about concepts definition refers to the process of disincorporation of power and of subjects of sovereignty in modernity: people and nation. Through analyses of works published in that period, we have attempted to reconstitute the debate on forms of political constitution of the people-nation and establish a typology of different answers given to the problem of democracy in Brazilian context.

Orientador: José Augusto Chaves Guimarães / Banca: Eduardo Ismael Murguia Marañon / Banca: Nair Yumiko Kobashi / Banca: Vera Lúcia Doyle Dodebei / Banca: Maria Nelida González de Gómez / Resumo: Dentre as inúmeras possibilidades investigativas no campo da Ciência da Informação (CI), a abordagem histórico-conceitual se faz relevante num momento em que se observam intentos de sistematização e de aprofundamento teórico desta esfera analítica, com preocupações marcadamente epistemológicas. Considerando esse universo investigativo, observou-se que o conceito documento apresenta uma posição privilegiada na "cintura protetora" do "programa de investigação científica" de Imre Lakatos, adaptado à CI por Miguel Rendón Rojas. Todavia, identificou-se que, muitas vezes, o documento fora abordado no campo da CI de forma imprecisa, principalmente, quando não foram sopesados aspectos conceituais relacionados ora pela tradição, ora pela inovação. Tendo em vista o objeto de estudo e a problemática identificada, recorreu-se às disciplinas História, Diplomática e Documentação por serem importantes para uma abordagem histórico-conceitual, justamente por reunirem esforços anteriores à CI para o estudo do documento. A investigação dessas disciplinas se justificou a partir da hipótese de que elas influenciaram e/ou contribuíram para a acepção de documento enquanto uma categoria no universo teórico da CI. Dessa conjectura, emergiram os seguintes objetivos: a) realizar um estudo histórico-conceitual para apreender em que medida as disciplinas analisadas contribuíram para a acepção de documento na CI; e b) compreender a natureza e a abrangência do conceito na CI quando pensado a partir de uma perspectiva social que contemplasse a relação dinâmica entre tradição e inovação no seu quadro teórico. Para tanto, configuram-se tradição e inovação enquanto categorias antitéticas de análise inspiradas naquelas que compõem a Historik de Reinhart Koselleck e que representam, respectivamente, "índices de realidades" e "perspectivas de futuro"... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Among the countless research possibilities in the field of Information Science (IS), the historical-conceptual approach is relevant when we observe intents of systematization and theoretical deepening of this analytical sphere with markedly epistemological concerns. Taking into consideration this research universe, it was observed that the concept document has a privileged position in the "protective belt" of the "scientific research program" of Imre Lakatos adapted to IS by Miguel Rendón Rojas. However, it was seen repeatedly that the document was approached inaccurately in the field of IS, mainly when conceptual aspects related one moment by tradition, and the next by innovation were not counterbalanced. Bearing in mind the objective of the study and the identified problematics, we resorted to the disciplines of History, Diplomatics and Documentation as they were relevant to a historical and conceptual approach, precisely for having studied the document prior to IS. The research of these disciplines was justified by the hypotheses that they have influenced and/or contributed to the meaning of document while a category in the theoretical universe of IS. Based on this conjecture, the following objectives arose: a) to carry out a historical and conceptual study to learn to what extent the analyzed disciplines have contributed for the meaning of document in IS; and b) to understand the nature and the range of the concept in IS when seen under a social perspective that contemplated the dynamic relationship between tradition and innovation in its theoretical framework. Therefore, tradition and innovation are considered as antithetical categories of analysis inspired on those that make up Historik by Reinhart Koselleck and that represent respectively "reality rates" and "perspectives of the future" of the concept document, if seen, above all, from the point of view... (Completo abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The main problem of this work is to understand the political sense of the rememoration of the past inside the Brazillian Armed Forces and in which ways the historiographical production of this institution collaborated to create a form of speech that justifies its own political and social finality in the New State period. Furthermore, how these narratives about the past of the institution collaborated to create some sort of identity to the soldiers in this period. The present work analyze the historiography produced by a group of individuals, from the civil society or military that had connections with the Brazillian Armed Forces. This work used three sources of historiographical production: Biblioteca Militar (Military Library), A Defesa Nacional ( The National Defense magazine), Revista Nação Armada (Armed Nation Magazine), all of them having bonds to the army or/and having military writers with close relations with the Getúlio Vargas government. There was two themes highlighted in the military production: the biographical narratives and the anti-communism. This work discusses on how these biographical narratives transformed the heroes life into moral examples. The glorification of the hero as a form of identification of the Army in the New State period, but also the opposite: the traitor. This concept was associated to the communists, after the uprisings from the Aliança Nacional Libertadora (National Alliance of Liberation) in 1935. In the second part of this work, there is a discussion about the place that the Brazillian Armed Forces occupies in the nationality formation in the past, present and future of the nation, using the narratives from the Military Library and Military magazines. This work belongs to the Post-Graduation Program in History at the Santa Maria Federal University, in the Culture, Power and History research field, in the Society, Politics and Frontier line. It got a CAPES scholarship. / O presente trabalho tem como principal problemática compreender o sentido político da rememoração do passado no interior do Exército e de que forma a produção histórica da própria instituição contribuiu para a criação de um discurso que justificava a sua finalidade social ou política no Estado Novo. Ademais, Como tais narrativas sobre o passado da instituição colaboraram para a criação de uma identidade para os soldados nesse período. Este trabalho busca analisar a historiografia produzida por um grupo de indivíduos, civis ou militares, que estaria vinculado ao Exército por intermédio de alguma instituição, imprensa ou órgão direta ou indiretamente ligado as Forças Armadas. No caso desta pesquisa, três lugares de produção historiográfica foram selecionados: a Biblioteca Militar, a Revista A Defesa Nacional e a Revista Nação Armada , todas vinculadas ao Exército ou/e possuindo escritores militares, com relações estreitas com o governo de Getúlio Vargas. Dois temas destacaram-se na produção militar: as narrativas biográficas e o anticomunismo. Neste texto discorre-se sobre como essas narrativas biográficas transformavam as trajetórias dos heróis em exemplos morais. A exaltação do heróico como forma de identificação pelo Exército no Estado Novo, também possuía o seu oposto: o traidor. Conceito associado aos comunistas, depois dos levantes da Aliança Nacional Libertadora em 1935. Em um segundo momento, discorre-se sobre o lugar ocupado pelas Forças Armadas na formação da nacionalidade , no passado, no presente e no futuro da nação, a partir das narrativas históricas da Biblioteca Militar e nas Revistas Militares. O trabalho pertence ao Programa de Pós-graduação em História, da UFSM, que possui a área de concentração História, Poder e Cultura, fazendo parte da linha de pesquisa Fronteira, Política e Sociedade, obteve bolsa por intermédio do órgão financiador CAPES.