<p>Monuments are raised all over the world of several different reasons. A monument dosen´t only refer just to itself, it also tells something about the historical context they are risen into. The overall purpose of this study is to try to reveal how history is used through the process, and rising of the monument "Vindarnas Boning" in Karlstad, Sweden 16/6, 1967. The historical narrative around this monument is about to show the importance of the esthetics, the main forces around the monument and last, how the monument legitimacy is maintained. Throughout those analytic tools, according to this study, I will try to examine possible other reasons behind this monument than the official one, who is to act as a remembrance of the finnish immigrants who settled in the unpopulated deep forests of Sweden and enabled to maintain a minor community separated from other influences, during the 16 th century and onward. The 1960´s is characterized by the large working movements between Sweden and Finland. Also the Finnish authorities launches an economical campaign in Sweden to broaden their export possibilities. This campaign is about to show the new modern Finland, with increasing own independence from Soviet influences. Referred to this, the study shows how other groups in the society possible uses history for their own purposes, the cultural ties between Sweden and Finland are strengthen through this monument, wich gains advantages in other areas as well. Referred to the economics and the thoughts of a Nordic cooperation, which some elements wishes to broaden. Through the historical narrative this study reveals actors who has strong ties to these goals. Because of this, there might be a reason to ask if the official remembrance is the only factor that is linked to this monument. This study connects the use of history through monuments with ideological reasons. This perhaps, can be a perspective to have in mind, when visiting the monument "Vindarnas Boning" next time, or other monuments as well.</p>

<p>The aim of this study is to learn about the nineteenth century poor relief system, how itoperated in the rural parish Kristdala during the period 1881-1890, and not least, who was thesupported person? The poor are defined as the individuals that received public poor relief, but in onechapter this definition of poverty is contrasted with a definition based upon tax exemption:inability to pay taxes. Two villages have been selected for intensive study, namely Kroxhult and Calerum, and Calerum is the smaller one. The connection between age and the poverty ratio is clear, and tobe a lodger was especially disadvantageous with respect to poverty. Further the position ofwidow was the most unfavourable among the female poor people. In Kroxhult the singlepersons were often supported and here the most ordinary receiver of poor relief was a man.Probably the local government wanted to press down the expenses, but then the parishhas kept within the law. For payment some farmers took care of adults and children, but therewas a poor-house. It appears to me that sometimes women more easily got poor relief, and Ihave found that a person who was regarded to have a disordered lifestyle could be sent to aworkhouse.</p>

Mitt utgangspunkt i arbeidet for å komme frem til en helhetlig forklaring, er at det er en grunnleggende sammenheng mellom oppbyggingen av RAF i mellomkrigstiden og den form krigen siden kom til å få. Ut av fra denne sammenhengen springer følgende spørsmål: Hvorfor fikk den britiske opprustningen den form den gjorde på 1930-tallet? Jeg vil vise hvor troen på bombeflyet kom fra, jeg vil videre diskutere hvilke strukturer ble valgt, og besvare spørsmålet om hva som var hensikten med disse strukturene, både politisk og militært. Etter slik å ha behandlet motiv og handling kan resultatet av handlingen beskrives: hva kunne "nye RAF" brukes til?

Monuments are raised all over the world of several different reasons. A monument dosen´t only refer just to itself, it also tells something about the historical context they are risen into. The overall purpose of this study is to try to reveal how history is used through the process, and rising of the monument "Vindarnas Boning" in Karlstad, Sweden 16/6, 1967. The historical narrative around this monument is about to show the importance of the esthetics, the main forces around the monument and last, how the monument legitimacy is maintained. Throughout those analytic tools, according to this study, I will try to examine possible other reasons behind this monument than the official one, who is to act as a remembrance of the finnish immigrants who settled in the unpopulated deep forests of Sweden and enabled to maintain a minor community separated from other influences, during the 16 th century and onward. The 1960´s is characterized by the large working movements between Sweden and Finland. Also the Finnish authorities launches an economical campaign in Sweden to broaden their export possibilities. This campaign is about to show the new modern Finland, with increasing own independence from Soviet influences. Referred to this, the study shows how other groups in the society possible uses history for their own purposes, the cultural ties between Sweden and Finland are strengthen through this monument, wich gains advantages in other areas as well. Referred to the economics and the thoughts of a Nordic cooperation, which some elements wishes to broaden. Through the historical narrative this study reveals actors who has strong ties to these goals. Because of this, there might be a reason to ask if the official remembrance is the only factor that is linked to this monument. This study connects the use of history through monuments with ideological reasons. This perhaps, can be a perspective to have in mind, when visiting the monument "Vindarnas Boning" next time, or other monuments as well.

A new curriculum, entailing news for teachers as well as students, was implemented in 2011. Among other things History has been given a more prominent position in that every student will now study the subject. Can this decision lead to history being used more in the future? The aim of this thesis is to study the new curriculum, Gy11, as well the Lpf94 and Lgy70, based on Klas-Göran Karlsson´s typology where the use of history is divided into seven different categories. I will analyze the curricula, looking at what different uses of history that can be discerned as well as what changes have been made over time. Furthermore I will deal with the uses of history being the most and least prominent ones in the respective curricula. Most practices but not everyone can be seen. Over time some practices have an even distribution while others have an increased representation. The practice being the most frequent one is the scholarly while the ones being the least prominent are the ideological and the commercial. Conclusively it can be said that the curricula have over time rendered a possibility to an increased use of history.

The aim of this study is to learn about the nineteenth century poor relief system, how itoperated in the rural parish Kristdala during the period 1881-1890, and not least, who was thesupported person? The poor are defined as the individuals that received public poor relief, but in onechapter this definition of poverty is contrasted with a definition based upon tax exemption:inability to pay taxes. Two villages have been selected for intensive study, namely Kroxhult and Calerum, and Calerum is the smaller one. The connection between age and the poverty ratio is clear, and tobe a lodger was especially disadvantageous with respect to poverty. Further the position ofwidow was the most unfavourable among the female poor people. In Kroxhult the singlepersons were often supported and here the most ordinary receiver of poor relief was a man.Probably the local government wanted to press down the expenses, but then the parishhas kept within the law. For payment some farmers took care of adults and children, but therewas a poor-house. It appears to me that sometimes women more easily got poor relief, and Ihave found that a person who was regarded to have a disordered lifestyle could be sent to aworkhouse.

<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Genusperspektiv på undervisning och lärande är något som allt mer efterfrågas i samhällsdebatten, och föreskrivs även i de övergripande målen i styrdokumenten. Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån dessa tankar om behovet av ett genusperspektiv belysa hur mycket och på vilket sätt kvinnan genom historien tas upp i gymnasiets historieundervisning och relatera detta till de genusteorier som finns angående historieforskning och historieundervisning.</p><p>Den metod som använts är en kombination av kvantitativa enkäter med elever och kvalitativa intervjuer med såväl lärare som elever på gymnasiet. Undersökningen omfattar 51 enkäter, 4 elevintervjuer, samt 2 lärarintervjuer. Genom denna variation i insamlingsmetoder hoppas jag få fram en heltäckande och nyanserad bild.</p><p>De resultat som uppnåtts visar bl.a. på en ganska traditionell syn hos såväl lärare som elever på kvinnans roll genom historien, då man menar att kvinnan haft en underordnad roll i den politiska utvecklingen: Undantagen är enskilda, historiskt kända kvinnor med makt som fokuserats i stor utsträckning. De gånger kvinnor ändå tas upp är det i viss mån genom tillägg till de texter som redan finns i läroböckerna, inte genom någon omskrivning av historien. Många av såväl elever som lärare verkar också mena att det utrymme som ges till kvinnor i undervisningen är svårt att utöka på grund av brist på källmaterial. Vidare verkar eleverna i något högre utsträckning än lärarna vilja ha mer fokusering på kvinnans situation genom historien, medan lärarna anser att kunskapsbrist från deras egen sida och tidsbrist på historiekurserna inte medger detta.</p><p>Verklighetens skolundervisning verkar alltså inte i så stor utsträckning som föreskrivs i läroplanen (Lpf 94) aktivt verka för jämställdhet och ett genusperspektiv på historien.</p>

<p>Denna uppsats har haft som syfte att undersöka två olika författarverk rörande TV som medium, dess utformning och påverkan på kultur. De verk jag valt att analysera är <em>Om Televisionen</em> av Pierre Bourdieu och <em>TV: Teknik och kulturell form</em> av Raymond Williams. Tanken har även varit att jämföra dessa två verk för att se vad de har gemensamt och vilka skillnader man kan utläsa av dem. För att man skall få en uppfattning om vilka Pierre Bourdieu och Raymond Williams är har jag även valt att skriva övergripande om dem och deras ideer/teorier i allmänhet. Jag analyserar deras teorier och ideér om TV inom olika områden som de framför i respektive verk samt vilket budskap dessa förmedlar.</p>

<p>Det finns väldigt lite tidigare studier som behandlar hur man motiverar elever i historieämnet. Min undersökning baserar sig på intervjuer av lärare på mellanstadiet. Lärarna är eller har varit klasslärare på mellanstadiet. Med intervjuerna har jag försökt att få fram vad lärarna gör för att motivera eleverna och vilka aspekter som ligger bakom deras uppfattningar. Lärarna använde framförallt olika metoder i sitt arbete för att motivera eleverna i historieämnet. Det handlade om olika arbetssätt med eleverna och att man var insatt i det man skulle lära ut. Berättartekniken var en viktig del i inledningen till ämnet där lärare kunde fånga och göra det intressant för eleverna genom att berätta med inlevelse om det som skulle behandlas under lektionen. Paralleller till elevens egna liv var viktigt liksom paralleller mellan den svenska historien och övriga världen. Händelser som var aktuella i samhället och som man kunde se hade en orsak och verkan både historiskt och i dag motiverade också eleverna. Slutsatsen blir att historieämnet i skolan är ett område som lärarna arbetar med på många olika sätt för att motivera eleverna. Det handlar mycket om att nå fram till eleverna genom olika arbetssätt och genom att få eleverna delaktiga i historien, känna att en påverkat dem och att den fortfarande påverkar dem och deras samhälle.</p>

<p>During the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century Sweden experienced social changes. The proceeding industrialization led to a process of urbanization where people were forced, more or less, in to the cities to find work. The traditional agricultural self-sufficiency society was successively replaced by salaried employment. This meant that family and home was no longer the major centre of production, nurturance and care. In order to support themselves and their families, even women applied for industrial work. This led to further changes to the family. The women now worked away from home, and the children were left without anyone to look after them and care for them.</p><p>These children tended to be regarded as a problem to the society, when they after school spent their time in the streets in the city, without any necessary forms of care or supervision. Through the ideas of the middle class or bourgeoisie, the philanthropic charity organizations came to act and solve the problems. Their work was based upon educational and moralizing aspects. A way of solving these problems for the society, as well as for mothers and children, was to establish child nursing institutions or activities.</p><p>This essay describes when and how the child nursing institutions or activities Arbetsstugan and Barnkrubban were established in Karlskrona, and the motives for the establishments.</p><p>As results of this study we can see that the motives and purposes of the establishments and the activities at the institutions, resemble with certain patterns of child nursing institutions during this special period.</p>