Uma residência inteligente é capaz de adquirir e aplicar conhecimentos sobre um ambiente e, de forma autônoma, adaptar-se aos seus habitantes. Estes espaços contêm uma diversidade de dispositivos que precisam interagir, porém, também existem no mercado diversos padrões para automação. Esta heterogeneidade dificulta a interoperabilidade entre dispositivos tornando a aplicação dependente de um único fornecedor para que a comunicação seja efetiva. Da mesma forma, sistemas domóticos possuem serviços dinâmicos e a adição ou mobilidade de novos dispositivos ao longo do tempo requer não somente que aplicações possam comunicar-se, mas também identificar que novos serviços foram adicionados e, quando necessário, estabelecer uma comunicação pertinente ao novo contexto. Finalmente, sistemas de automação também precisam de alguma forma perceber o mundo real e interpretá-lo. Os sinais recebidos por sensores não possuem qualquer valor se não forem interpretados em relação ao contexto da residência. Ontologias podem auxiliar a resolver estes três problemas representando formalmente o domínio. Ela permite uma compreensão comum das informações através de um modelo semântico e possibilita a execução de suposições explícitas para o contexto da residência. Assim, esta dissertação propõe uma ontologia para integração em uma residência inteligente que representa o ambiente, seus dispositivos, indivíduos e os agentes de software permitindo que sejam criadas as relações para a interação. A consistência da ontologia foi avaliada em relação às questões de competência e um protótipo foi criado para validar a aplicação prática do modelo. / A smart home is able to acquire and apply knowledge about the environment and autonomously adapt to its inhabitants. These spaces contain a diversity of devices that need to interact and there are also many commercial protocols for automation. This heterogeneity hinders the interoperability between devices turning the application dependent on a single technology for an effective communication. In the same way, domotic systems have dynamic services and the mobility of new devices from time to time requires the ability to discovery when a new service have been added and, when necessary, establish a new communication related to this new context. Finally, automation systems also need to perceive the real world and interpret it. The signals received from sensors have no value unless they are interpreted against the context of the residence. Ontologies can help to solve these three problems formally representing the domain. It enables a common understanding of information through a semantic model and enables the execution of explicit assumptions to the context of residence. Thus, this dissertation proposes integration ontology for a smart house that represents the environment, devices, people and software agents creating the relationships and reasoning about rules for interaction. The consistency of the ontology was assessed in relation to its competence and a prototype was created to validate the practical application of the model.

Uma residência inteligente é capaz de adquirir e aplicar conhecimentos sobre um ambiente e, de forma autônoma, adaptar-se aos seus habitantes. Estes espaços contêm uma diversidade de dispositivos que precisam interagir, porém, também existem no mercado diversos padrões para automação. Esta heterogeneidade dificulta a interoperabilidade entre dispositivos tornando a aplicação dependente de um único fornecedor para que a comunicação seja efetiva. Da mesma forma, sistemas domóticos possuem serviços dinâmicos e a adição ou mobilidade de novos dispositivos ao longo do tempo requer não somente que aplicações possam comunicar-se, mas também identificar que novos serviços foram adicionados e, quando necessário, estabelecer uma comunicação pertinente ao novo contexto. Finalmente, sistemas de automação também precisam de alguma forma perceber o mundo real e interpretá-lo. Os sinais recebidos por sensores não possuem qualquer valor se não forem interpretados em relação ao contexto da residência. Ontologias podem auxiliar a resolver estes três problemas representando formalmente o domínio. Ela permite uma compreensão comum das informações através de um modelo semântico e possibilita a execução de suposições explícitas para o contexto da residência. Assim, esta dissertação propõe uma ontologia para integração em uma residência inteligente que representa o ambiente, seus dispositivos, indivíduos e os agentes de software permitindo que sejam criadas as relações para a interação. A consistência da ontologia foi avaliada em relação às questões de competência e um protótipo foi criado para validar a aplicação prática do modelo. / A smart home is able to acquire and apply knowledge about the environment and autonomously adapt to its inhabitants. These spaces contain a diversity of devices that need to interact and there are also many commercial protocols for automation. This heterogeneity hinders the interoperability between devices turning the application dependent on a single technology for an effective communication. In the same way, domotic systems have dynamic services and the mobility of new devices from time to time requires the ability to discovery when a new service have been added and, when necessary, establish a new communication related to this new context. Finally, automation systems also need to perceive the real world and interpret it. The signals received from sensors have no value unless they are interpreted against the context of the residence. Ontologies can help to solve these three problems formally representing the domain. It enables a common understanding of information through a semantic model and enables the execution of explicit assumptions to the context of residence. Thus, this dissertation proposes integration ontology for a smart house that represents the environment, devices, people and software agents creating the relationships and reasoning about rules for interaction. The consistency of the ontology was assessed in relation to its competence and a prototype was created to validate the practical application of the model.

Home automation systems of today tend to be external solutions to an existing product that enable rather complex and expensive communications equipment to be attached to existing products. This is because it would not be economically defendable to implement the communications hardware internally in the products, due to a high increase of the cost for the product. This thesis tries to solve this problem by introducing a low-cost product-embedded solution for home automation. By using the Elvin protocol together with low-cost communication solutions, such as the RS232 protocol and Open/Closed circuits, communications could be embedded into products and device interaction could be implemented without increasing the cost of already existing products too much. Furthermore this thesis will discuss an implementation of an Elvin router that will act as a bridge between RS232, Open/Closed circuits and the Ethernet network that contains an Elvin server.

Dans les pays développés tels que le Canada ou la France, la population est vieillissante et le nombre de personnes atteintes de déficiences cognitives augmente en conséquence. Ces troubles ont des conséquences sur les activités de la vie quotidienne pour les personnes qui en souffrent. Selon l’autonomie de ces personnes et la sévérité de leur déficience, un hébergement en centre spécialisé peut être envisagé. Ces centres spécialisés représentent souvent un coût financier énorme tant pour la personne que pour la société. Afin de limiter ces coûts, une solution alternative a émergé : les habitats domotiques. Ce sont des habitats dans lesquels un ensemble de technologies permet de pallier aux déficiences des personnes et de leur donner une autonomie accrue. L’activité de préparation d’un repas est une activité complexe qui peut présenter des risques variés pour des personnes atteintes de déficiences. Ces personnes vivent rarement seules, il faut tenir compte qu’un public varié puisse bénéficier du système. Ces habitats sont généralement déjà équipés d’appareils, il devient nécessaire pour le système de pouvoir s’adapter à ces appareils existants. L’objectif de ces travaux est la réalisation d’un prototype permettant d’assurer la sécurité lors de l’activité de la préparation d’un repas par des personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer et ses aidants (professionnels ou naturels). Ce prototype doit s’adapter au profil des usagers, de son environnement et du matériel sur lequel il est déployé. Pour ce faire, le système, basé sur un système multi agent, applique des règles de sécurité qui se personnalisent par le biais du profil médical des usagers. Nos travaux ont été menés au sein de deux laboratoires, qui chacun, disposent d’appareils de cuisine différents dans leurs habitats intelligents pour la santé. Le système a pu être testé dans ces deux environnements, son adaptation vis-à-vis d’une clientèle variée et pour plusieurs risques de sécurité à travers des scénarios d’usage. Les résultats de ces expérimentations ont permis de montrer que le prototype répond bien aux objectifs visés. / In developed countries such as Canada or France, the population is ageing and the number of people with disabilities increases. Those disabilities have an impact on their activities of daily living. According to the severity of the disability and the independance of those people, a placement in a specialized institution can be considered. Those institutions often represent huge financial costs for the people as for society. In order to reduce those costs, smart homes are an alternative solution. Smart homes make it possible for people to compensate their disabilities and increase their independance through a set of technologies. Preparing a meal is a complex activity can present various risks for those people. These people rarely live alone, and it must be taken into account that a varied public can use the system. Homes are usually already equipped with appliances, it is necessary for the system to adapt itself to these devices. This work aims the implementation of a prototype ensuring the safety of people with Alzheimer during meal preparation and their caregivers (natural or professional). The prototype must adapt itself to the user’s profiles, its environment and the appliances on which it is deployed. In order to do this, the system, based on a multi agent system, applies safety rules that are customizable through the users’ medical profiles. This work is carried out in two laboratories, each with distinct kitchen appliances in their smart home. The system had been tested in both environments, its adaptation towards different users and for several safety rules through use cases. The results of these experiments showed that the prototype meets the objectives.

Context. Internet of Things (IoT) is an extension of the Internet, which now includes physical objects of the real world. The main purpose of Internet of Things is to increase a quality of people’s daily life. A smart home is one of the promising areas in the Internet of Things which increases rapidly. It allows users to control their home devices anytime from any location in the world using Internet connectivity and automate their work based on the physical environment conditions and user preferences. The main issues in deploying the architecture of IoT are the security of the communication between constrained low-power devices in the home network and device performance. Battery lifetime is a key QoS parameter of a battery-powered IoT device which limits the level of security and affects the performance of the communication. These issues have been deepened with the spread of cheap and easy to use microcontrollers which are used by electronic enthusiasts to build their own home automation projects. Objectives. In this study, we investigated wireless communication technologies used in low-power and low-bandwidth home area networks to determine which of them are most suitable for smart home applications. We also investigated the correlation between security, power consumption of constrained IoT device, and performance of wireless communication based on a model of a home automation system with a sensor node. Sensor node was implemented using Arduino Nano microcontroller and RF 433 MHz wireless communication module. Methods. To achieve the stated objectives of this research following methods were chosen: literature review to define common applications and communication technologies used in a smart home scenario and their requirements, comparison of wireless communication technologies in smart home, study of Arduino microcontroller technology, design and simulation of a part of  home automation project based on Arduino, experimental measurements  of execution time and power consumption of Arduino microcontroller with RF 433 MHz wireless module when transmitting data with different levels of security, and analysis of experimental results. Results. In this research, we presented a detailed comparison of ZigBee, WiFi, Bluetooth, Z-Wave, and ANT communication technologies used in a smart home in terms of the main characteristics. Furthermore, we considered performance, power consumption, and security. A model of a home automation system with a sensor node based on Arduino Nano was described with sleep management and performance evaluation. The results show that the battery lifetime of Arduino in a battery-powered sensor node scenario is determined by the communication speed, sleep management, and affected by encryption. Conclusions. The advanced communication strategy can be used to minimize the power consumption of the device and increase the efficiency of the communication. In that case, our security measures will reduce the productivity and lifetime of the sensor node not significantly. It’s also possible to use symmetric encryption with smaller block size.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá systémem automatizace domácnosti umožňujícím ovládání domácích spotřebičů prostřednictvím běžné televize. Systém využívá standardu X10 a bezdrátové technologie ZigBee. Řídicí software staví na OS GNU/Linux a systému domácího kina MythTV. V rámci této diplomové práce byla vyvinuta aplikace zprostředkující komunikaci mezi MythTV a hardwarem. Modulární koncept postavený na dynamicky zaváděných modulech dělá tuto aplikaci snadno rozšiřitelnou a použitelnou i mimo předkládaný automatizační systém. Za účelem testování a demonstrace funkčnosti byl dále navržen bezdrátový teploměr a převodník VGA na SCART.

This thesis deal with database for smart homes, that is developing at FIT VUT in Brno. Thesis describes design and implementation of database for smart home in PostgreSQL and focus on speeding up queries and inserting to database. Designed database, on processor Intel Xeon E5410 with 12GB RAM and one hard drive, is capable to serve about 16000 homes. The thesis describes server application, which comunicate with user devices and provides data stored in database. Whole smart home system was thoroughly tested by real users. Several months of testing was made on alpha and beta versions. Server application is also integrated to system of continual integration Jenkins.

This thesis deals with smart home issue, analyzes existing solutions and is focused on the system that is developed in collaboration with FIT VUT in Brno. The emphasis is on the description of client application for control and monitoring of smart home system. Furthermore, the work discussed base theoretical knowledge from internet communication field, which is closely related to these issues. The core of the work is to design a communication protocol between the server and a mobile device. Finally, the work also includes a description of a network layer at the device using this protocol. The last part is devoted to testing and evaluation of the final solution.

With ZigBee being the world’s leading IoT protocol, users are vulnerable to attacks on the wireless communication between ZigBee devices and the information that can be gained from them. For users to protect themselves from potential attacks they need to be aware of what information can be extracted and how it can be countered. Through an eavesdropping experiment, done using three individual sensors from different vendors, various packets with potential for misuse have been identified within the area of building security. With the potential areas of misuse identified, there is also a need for countermeasures against these threats. Countermeasures were identified through a collection of literature that was summarized in order to provide a wide range of alternatives, suitable to different scenarios. The experiment was limited to the functions of the sensors used, as well as traffic using the ZigBee protocol. This study pinpoints a potential for misuse of the ZigBee traffic sent between devices and shows that the ZigBee protocol is fundamentally flawed from a security aspect. Whilst countermeasures exist, they are not applicable to every situation which is why the ZigBee protocol itself needs further development to be considered secure.

This project revolves around creating a home automation system prototype with the main focus being the ability to lock/unlock a door through the internet. The system consists of a central device, a server and an Android application.The central device is a microprocessor, in this case, a Raspberry Pi that connects to the Internet and receives an order to control a motor which in turn turns the lock with the help of gears. The ability to rotate the motor in both directions is achieved by the use of an H-bridge. The server manages users and devices, and handles the communication between the application and the central device. Users and devices are stored in a database on the server. The application is a frontend which presents the user with a list of devices to interact with.The main prototype where the Raspberry Pi acted as a central device was abandoned due to time and resource constraints. It was instead used to control the motor directly. This brought up some problems concerning powering the device using batteries. The software of the prototype is mostly working but due to the same time limitations not all planned features could be implemented.