<p>Detta arbete tar upp utvecklingen av ett nytt protokoll för användning inom Home Automation över IP-nätverk, med stor vikt på flexibilitet och enkelhet. Vi valde att utveckla ett nytt protokoll för Home Automation då en granskning av dagens protokoll visar att dessa inte är tillräckligt öppna eller flexibla för att passa alla enheter som används eller alla scenarion som kan uppstå.</p><p>I våra litteraturstudier samlades information in som skapade grunderna för vårt protokoll och gav oss en större inblick i teknikerna bakom dagens tekniker inom home automation. Detta gav oss även möjlighet att senare jämföra vårt färdiga protokoll med redan existerande protokoll för att se om vi lyckats skapa något som kan användas. Metoden vi valde för att utveckla protokollet är en generell designmetod där vi efter granskningen av tidigare protokoll tar fram ett antal punkter som det nya protokollet skall uppnå. Det visade sig dock vara problematiskt att få fram svar om vissa protokoll så vi frångick metoden genom att istället utveckla protokollet utefter ett antal olika scenarion som det bör kunna hantera.</p><p>Resultatet av arbetet är ett protokoll som uppfyllde nästan alla mål vi satt upp för det. I de fall vi inte lyckades med att uppfylla målen har vi möjliggjort för framtida expanderingar.</p> / <p>This report covers the development of a new protocol for use in Home Automation over IP networks, with focus on flexibility and simplicity. We chose to develop a new protocol for Home Automation because a review of current protocols suggests that these aren't open or flexible enough to suit every device in use or every scenario that might be applicable.</p><p>In our literature studies we gathered information for use as the basis of our protocol and give us more insight into the technologies behind current home automation protocols. This also gave us the opportunity to compare our finished protocol with existing protocols. The method we chose for developing the protocol is a generic design method where after reviewing existing protocols, we establish a number of goals for the new protocol. It did however turn out to be difficult to acquire relevant information about some of the protocols. Because of this we used a slightly different approach, basing the new protocol on a number of scenarios we want it to be able to handle.</p><p>The result is a protocol which satisfied almost every goal we established. For the few it didn't, we made it possible to satisfy them with future expansions.</p>

Detta arbete tar upp utvecklingen av ett nytt protokoll för användning inom Home Automation över IP-nätverk, med stor vikt på flexibilitet och enkelhet. Vi valde att utveckla ett nytt protokoll för Home Automation då en granskning av dagens protokoll visar att dessa inte är tillräckligt öppna eller flexibla för att passa alla enheter som används eller alla scenarion som kan uppstå. I våra litteraturstudier samlades information in som skapade grunderna för vårt protokoll och gav oss en större inblick i teknikerna bakom dagens tekniker inom home automation. Detta gav oss även möjlighet att senare jämföra vårt färdiga protokoll med redan existerande protokoll för att se om vi lyckats skapa något som kan användas. Metoden vi valde för att utveckla protokollet är en generell designmetod där vi efter granskningen av tidigare protokoll tar fram ett antal punkter som det nya protokollet skall uppnå. Det visade sig dock vara problematiskt att få fram svar om vissa protokoll så vi frångick metoden genom att istället utveckla protokollet utefter ett antal olika scenarion som det bör kunna hantera. Resultatet av arbetet är ett protokoll som uppfyllde nästan alla mål vi satt upp för det. I de fall vi inte lyckades med att uppfylla målen har vi möjliggjort för framtida expanderingar. / This report covers the development of a new protocol for use in Home Automation over IP networks, with focus on flexibility and simplicity. We chose to develop a new protocol for Home Automation because a review of current protocols suggests that these aren't open or flexible enough to suit every device in use or every scenario that might be applicable. In our literature studies we gathered information for use as the basis of our protocol and give us more insight into the technologies behind current home automation protocols. This also gave us the opportunity to compare our finished protocol with existing protocols. The method we chose for developing the protocol is a generic design method where after reviewing existing protocols, we establish a number of goals for the new protocol. It did however turn out to be difficult to acquire relevant information about some of the protocols. Because of this we used a slightly different approach, basing the new protocol on a number of scenarios we want it to be able to handle. The result is a protocol which satisfied almost every goal we established. For the few it didn't, we made it possible to satisfy them with future expansions.

Home automation is maturing with the increased deployment of networks and intelligent devices in the home. Along with new protocols and devices, new software services will emerge and work together releasing the full potential of networked consumer devices. Services may include home security, climate control or entertainment. With such extensive interworking the phenomenon known as service interaction, or feature interaction, appears. The problem occurs when services interfere with one another causing unexpected or undesirable outcomes. The main goal of this work is to detect undesired interactions between devices and services while allowing positive interactions between services and devices. If the interaction is negative, the approach should be able to handle it in an appropriate way. Being able to carry out interaction detection in the home poses certain challenges. Firstly, the devices and services are provided by a number of vendors and will be using a variety of protocols. Secondly, the configuration will not be fixed, the network will change as devices join and leave. Services may also change and adapt to user needs and to devices available at runtime. The developed approach is able to work with such challenges. Since the goal of the automated home is to make life simpler for the occupant, the approach should require minimal user intervention. With the above goals, an approach was developed which tackles the problem. Whereas previous approaches solving service interaction have focused on the service, the technique presented here concentrates on the devices and their surrounds, as some interactions occur through conflicting effects on the environment. The approach introduces the concept of environmental variables. A variable may be room temperature, movement or perhaps light. Drawing inspiration from the Operating Systems domain, locks are used to control access to the devices and environmental variables. Using this technique, undesirable interactions are avoided. The inclusion of the environment is a key element of this approach as many interactions can happen indirectly, through the environment. Since the configuration of a home’s devices and services is continually changing, developing an off-line solution is not practical. Therefore, an on-line approach in the form of an interaction manager has been developed. It is the manager’s role to detect interactions. The approach was shown to work successfuly. The manager was able to successfully detect interactions and prevent negative interactions from occurring. Interactions were detected at both device and service level. The approach is flexible: it is protocol independent, services are unaware of the manager, and the manager can cope with new devices and services joining the network. Further, there is little user intervention required for the approach to operate.

Machine-to-machine, machine-to-man, or man-to-machine (M2M) communications is expected to grow very rapidly over the next few years with an anticipated 50 billion devices being connected to broadband connections by 2020 [35]. To be able to plan and dimension for the expected (increase) in data traffic it is important to have a model for the traffic that will flow through the network. A concept often talked about in conjunction with M2M communications is the “Internet of things”, where billions of “smart” objects are connected to the Internet and can be easily shared and used or re-used by many applications. One sub-field of M2M communications is sensor/actuator networks that are installed in households, creating automated homes by enabling home appliances to talk to each other and to applications that can be running on hosts connected to the Internet. Such sensor/actuator networks extend the uses of home appliances into completely new and exciting applications, while also potentially making homes more energy efficient by smarter management and operation of these appliances. The thesis was proposed by and carried out at Ericsson in Kista, Sweden during the summer and fall of 2009. The academic advisor was G. Q. Maguire Jr. of the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and industrial advisor was Per Ljungberg at Ericsson. This thesis has an industrial focus, specifically to produce models and prototypes that benefit Ericsson as a company and the Ericsson Connected Home project. This thesis has evaluated the available standards and designed, buildt, and evaluated a prototype application for one of these standards to operate with this home gateway. Additionally, the thesis should also benefit the academic world by offering tractable models for M2M traffic that have a foundation in reality, rather than solutions in search of a problem. / Maskin-till-maskin, maskin-till-man, eller man-till-maskin (M2M) kommunikation förväntas växa mycket snabbt under de närmaste åren med förväntade 50 miljarder enheter anslutna till en bredbandsuppkoppling år 2020 [35]. För att kunna planera och dimensionera för den förväntade (ökningen) i datatrafik är det viktigt att ha en modell för den trafik som kommer att flöda genom nätverket. Ett begrepp det ofta talas om i samband med M2M-kommunikation är " Internet of things ", där miljarder "smarta" objekt är anslutna till Internet och enkelt kan delas och användas på nytt sätt och av många användare. En undergrupp inom M2M-kommunikation är sensor nätverk som installeras i hushåll, för att skapa automatiserade hem där hemelektroniken kan prata med andra apparater och program som körs på datorer anslutna till Internet. Sådana sensornätverk utvidgar användningen av hushållsapparater till helt nya och spännande applikationer, samtidigt som det potentiellt göra bostäder mer energisnåla genom smartare förvaltning och drift av dessa apparater. Detta examensarbete görs på uppdrag av Ericsson i Kista, Sverige under sommaren och hösten 2009. Akademisk rådgivare är GQ Maguire Jr från Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) och industriell rådgivare är Per Ljungberg på Ericsson. Examensarbetet har som industriellt fokus att tillverka modeller och prototyper för att modellera trafiken i Ericssons nätverk. Examensarbetets akademiska värde är genom att erbjuda lättgörliga modeller för M2M trafik som har en grund i verkligheten, snarare än lösningar på jakt efter ett problem.

Master of Science / Department of Computing and Information Sciences / Mitchell L. Neilsen / The mobile world is rapidly changing: Smartphones have gone from portable messaging and email devices to streaming-video machines that surf the Web at blazing speed. Now-a-days a smartphone can provide computing capabilities, wireless communication capabilities, run software and perform other tasks just like any traditional computer. These amazing features of a smartphone and Open Source Android market helped in the development of this project. The purpose of this project is to develop an Android application for controlling various elements of user environment. User Controlled Environment is an Android application for home. The environment consists of smart lights, an Android mobile devices for playing music and a display. The application sends the user’s preferred settings to the environment and the respective settings are applied. The preferences are displayed on the screen. The user will be able to view and adjust a variety of environmental preferences. The preferences include the light’s color, light intensity, and the music. When the user exits the application the environment goes to a default state. The users can set preferences which include moods, seven colors of light, three levels of light intensity and songs that the users can select.

Smart Homes are not smart for everyone, at least not yet. The purpose of this paper is to examine four obstacles that prevents Smart Homes from being adopted as a standard in Sweden. This paper is based on the contributions of the study “Home Automation in the Wild: Challanges and Opportunities” (Brush et al. 2011), and further investigates the obstacles the authors present in that study. Thanks to a broad use of different methods, we state that all the obstacles listed in this particular study (Brush et al. 2011) still remain, but perhaps on different terms. In the discussion part of this paper, we present a few ways to work against these obstacles and, hopefully, eliminate them. / Smarta Hem är inte smarta för alla, åtminstone inte än. Syftet med denna uppsats är undersöka fyra hinder som förhindrar Smarta Hem från att anammas som standard i Sverige. Denna uppsats är baserad på bidragen från studien “Home Automation in the Wild: Challanges and Opportunities” (brush et al. 2011), och undersöker de hinder som presenteras i den studien. Tack vare användandet av ett flertal olika metoder, kan vi konstatera att de hinder som presenteras i den specifika studien (Brush et al. 2011) fortfarande finns kvar idag, men möjligtvis på andra villkor. I uppsatsens diskussionsdel presenterar vi ett antal sätt att arbeta mot dessa hinder och, förhoppningsvis, kunna eliminera dem.

Home automation systems (HASs)seek to improve the quality of life for individuals through the automation of household devices. Recently, there has been a trend, in academia and industry, to research and develop low-cost Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based HASs (Varchola et al. 2007). WSNs are designed to achieve a low-cost wireless networking solution, through the incorporation of limited processing, memory, and power resources. Consequently, providing secure and reliable remote access for resource limited WSNs, such as WSN based HASs, poses a significant challenge (Perrig et al. 2004). This thesis introduces the development of a hybrid communications approach to increase the resistance of WSN based HASs to remote DoS flooding attacks targeted against a third party. The approach is benchmarked against the dominant GHS remote access approach for WSN based HASs (Bergstrom et al. 2001), on a WSN based HAS test-bed, and shown to provide a minimum of a 58.28%, on average 59.85%, and a maximum of 61.45% increase in remote service availability during a DoS attack. Additionally, a virtual home incorporating a cryptographic based DoS detection algorithm, is developed to increase resistance to remote DoS flooding attacks targeted directly at WSN based HASs. The approach is benchmarked against D-WARD (Mirkovic 2003), the most effective DoS defence identified from the research, and shown to provide a minimum 84.70%, an average 91.13% and a maximum 95.6% reduction in packets loss on a WSN based HAS during a DoS flooding attack. Moreover, the approach is extended with the integration of a virtual home, hybrid communication approach, and a distributed denial of defence server to increase resistance to remote DoS attacks targeting the home gateway. The approach is again benchmarked against the D-WARD defence and shown to decrease the connection latency experienced by remote users by a minimum of 90.14%, an average 90.90%, and a maximum 91.88%.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard presents a very useful technology for implementing low-cost, low-power, wireless sensor networks. Its main focus, which is to applications requiring simple wireless connectivity with relaxed throughout and latency requirements, makes it suitable for connecting devices that have not been networked, such as industrial and control instrumentation equipments, agricultural equipments, vehicular equipments, and home appliances. Its usage of the license-free 2.4 GHz frequency band makes the technique successful for fast and worldwide market deployments. However, concerns about interference have arisen due to the presence of other wireless technologies using the same spectrum. Although the IEEE 802.15.4 standard has provided some mechanisms, to enhance capability to coexist with other wireless devices operating on the same frequency band, including Carrier Sensor Multiple Access (CSMA), Clear Channel Assessment (CCA), channel alignment, and low duty cycle, it is essential to design and implement adjustable mechanisms for an IEEE 802.15.4 based system integrated into a practical application to deal with interference which changes randomly over time. Among the potential interfering systems (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cordless phones, microwave ovens, wireless headsets, etc) which work on the same Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band, Wi-Fi systems (IEEE 802.11 technique) have attracted most concerns because of their high transmission power and large deployment in both residential and office environments. This thesis aims to propose a methodology for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless systems to adopt proper adjustment in order to mitigate the effect of interference caused by IEEE 802.11 systems through energy detection, channel agility and data recovery. The contribution of this thesis consists of five parts. Firstly, a strategy is proposed to enable IEEE 802.15.4 systems to maintain normal communications using the means of consecutive transmissions, when the system s default mechanism of retransmission is insufficient to ensure successful rate due to the occurrence of Wi-Fi interference. Secondly, a novel strategy is proposed to use a feasible way for IEEE 802.15.4 systems to estimate the interference pattern, and accordingly adjust system parameters for the purpose of achieving optimized communication effectiveness during time of interference without relying on hardware changes and IEEE 802.15.4 protocol modifications. Thirdly, a data recovery mechanism is proposed for transport control to be applied for recovering lost data by associating with the proposed strategies to ensure the data integrity when IEEE 802.15.4 systems are suffering from interference. Fourthly, a practical case is studied to discuss how to design a sustainable system for home automation application constructed on the basis of IEEE 802.15.4 technique. Finally, a comprehensive design is proposed to enable the implementation of an interference mitigation strategy for IEEE 802.15.4 based ad hoc WSNs within a structure of building fire safety monitoring system. The proposed strategies and system designs are demonstrated mainly through theoretical analysis and experimental tests. The results obtained from the experimental tests have verified that the interference caused by an IEEE 802.11 system on an IEEE 802.15.4 system can be effectively mitigated through adjusting IEEE 802.15.4 system s parameters cooperating with interference pattern estimation. The proposed methods are suitable to be integrated into a system-level solution for an IEEE 802.15.4 system to deal with interference, which is also applicable to those wireless systems facing similar interference issues to enable the development of efficient mitigation strategies.

O presente trabalho discute a compatibilidade e integração entre sistemas e dispositivos de automação residencial, propondo formas de melhorá-la. Essa integração tende a se tornar uma tarefa complexa devido à grande variedade de padrões e tecnologias de integração adotados na automação residencial. O presente trabalho propõe uma extensão do padrão Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) e a utilização de uma arquitetura modular com duas camadas, afim de adaptá-lo à integração dos subsistemas de automação residencial. Esse padrão estendido é, então, utilizado na camada superior, para o controle e integração entre os subsistemas. Já na camada inferior, cada subsistema utiliza a tecnologia de comunicação mais adequada para controlar seus dispositivos, e possui uma interface UPnP para se comunicar com outros subsistemas e permitir seu controle pelo usuário. Dessa forma os subsistemas tornam-se módulos do sistema de automação da residência. Essa proposta permite que o usuário compre e substitua facilmente subsistemas de fabricantes distintos, de forma a integrá-los, resultando em um sistema de automação residencial flexível e independente de fabricante. Para testar a extensão proposta, um caso de uso de um subsistema de iluminação foi criado. A partir deste, foram realizadas simulações computacionais. Os resultados destas foram apresentados e analisados, verificando-se o atendimento aos requisitos do sistema e se as características desejadas foram alcançadas, tais como, a característica plug and play de subsistemas, o aumento da flexibilidade e a modularização do sistema, para facilitar a compra e manutenção de sistemas de automação residencial, gerando o potencial para fomentar a maior adoção de sistemas de automação residencial. No entanto, a extensão proposta também resulta no aumento da complexidade do cliente UPnP que a utiliza para interagir com o sistema, o que pode dificultar a adoção de sistemas de automação residencial no futuro. Por fim, sugestões de continuidade e perspectivas futuras foram apresentadas. / This work discuss the compatibility an integration between systems and devices for home automation, proposing ways to improve it. This integration tends to become a complex task due to the wide variety of integration standards and technologies adopted in home automation. This paper proposes an extension of the standard Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) and the use of a modular architecture with two layers in order to adapt it to the integration of home automation subsystems. This extended standard is then used in the upper layer for the control and integration of the subsystems. In the bottom layer, each subsystem uses the most appropriate communication technology to control their devices, it has an UPnP interface to communicate with other subsystems and allow user control. Thus subsystems become modules of the home automation system. This proposal allows the user to easily purchase and replace subsystems from different manufacturers, in order to integrate them transparently, resulting in a flexible home automation system and independent of manufacturer. To test the proposed extension, a use case of an illumination subsystem was created and software simulations were carried out. The simulation results were presented and analyzed, verifying the compliance with the system requirements and whether the desired characteristics have been achieved, such as the subsystem plug and play feature, the modularity and flexibility enhancement of the system, to facilitate the purchase and maintenance of the home automation system, generating the potential to foster greater adoption of home automation systems. However, the proposed extension also results in increased complexity of the UPnP client that uses it to interact with the system, which can hinder the adoption of home automation systems in the future. Finally, future suggestions and perspectives were presented.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Bomfim de Arruda.pdf: 19760086 bytes, checksum: e1411a86ddfa8a3c867ea274787b0fb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The title of this thesis is Turbulant Objects, unstable territories. A history of the representations of home electric appliances in the domestic household (1940-60). It deals with home automation spanning mainly the post Second World War period, when electric home appliances become accessible to the middle class in the states of Rio de Janeiro and of São Paulo. It is a study in Cultural History concerning the representation of electric appliances appearing mainly in adds and as articles in magazines such as Casa e Jardim and O Cruzeiro . The representations arose from the thoughts which reflect a means of trying to conform objects, as well as the whole household and its routines to a certain scientific rationality. Such rationality is based on the knowledge of different specialities as architecture, engineering and design. Electric appliances became a spectacle for the consumer society and which values more and more the appearance of things. In the domestic field a technological aesthetics constitutes itself during this period, characterized by furniture, equipments and appliances manufactured with new materials, as well as architecture. Through automation, the means of doing domestic work changed and the idea of producing more in less time a rule in the work industry is extended to the household / Esta tese, que tem por título: Objetos Turbulentos, Territórios Instáveis. Uma história das representações dos aparelhos elétricos no espaço doméstico (1940-60) , refere-se à automatização da casa, especialmente no período após a Segunda Guerra, quando os eletrodomésticos se tornam mais acessíveis para a classe média carioca e paulistana. Trata-se de um estudo em História Cultural sobre as representações dos aparelhos elétricos veiculadas principalmente em propagandas e matérias em revistas como Casa e Jardim e O Cruzeiro. As representações foram pensadas como um modo de tentar conformar os objetos, assim como toda a casa e as práticas que se exercem nela, a uma determinada racionalidade científica. Racionalidade essa firmada nos saberes de diferentes especialidades como arquitetura, engenharia e design. Os eletrodomésticos se tornam um espetáculo para a sociedade de consumo que valoriza cada vez mais a aparência das coisas. No âmbito doméstico uma estética da tecnologia se constitui nesse período, caracterizada por uma arquitetura, mobiliário, equipamentos e aparelhos fabricados com novos materiais. Com a automatização as formas de realizar o trabalho doméstico se alteram e a ideia de produzir mais em menor tempo - uma máxima do trabalho na indústria se estende ao espaço doméstico