This paper analyzes the effect of culture – measured by aggregate levels of an immigrant parent’s home country educational attainment – on the educational attainment of second-generation immigrants in America. I use 2005-2014 October U.S. Current Population Surveys (CPS) data and the Barro-Lee data set to match the educational attainment of second-generation immigrants to the educational attainment averages of the respective home country from which their parents emigrated. Overall, I find that second-generation immigrants’ educational attainment is significantly and positively affected by their immigrant parent’s home country educational attainment. This suggests that cultural norms, particularly those regarding education, may persist in immigrant families even after resettling in America. I also find that the effects of home country educational attainment on second-generation outcomes do not differ by the gender of the second-generation immigrant.

I use 2000-2017 American Community Survey data to study the impact of source county conflict on the earnings of US immigrants from Syria and Lebanon. My data initially presented large wealth disparities between men and women, from both countries. Thus, they were analyzed separately. I conducted a standard Ordinary Least Squares regression using Earnings as my DV and Conflict as my IV and control for personal characteristics as well as time spent working. Overall, my findings proved to be far more nuanced than expected. A negative statistically significant relationship between conflict and earnings was presented for Lebanese men, while a small but positive significant relationship was presented for Syrian men. The results for conflict for women were insignificant for both countries.

This study examines decisions relating to the composition of audit committees by foreign private issuers (FPIs) that are listed on US exchanges. A firm listed on the US stock market must have an audit committee consisting of at least three financially literate independent directors, and disclose if it has at least one financial expert. Although FPIs are exempted from these requirements, 72 percent of FPIs choose to opt into complying with them. I find that FPIs from countries with a greater number of differences in audit committee requirements compared to US requirements are less likely to opt-in. Firms from weak investor protection countries are more likely to opt-in. Because FPIs are not mandated to follow US audit committee requirements, their opt-in choices indicate greater benefits (possibly from “bonding” to a rigorous regulatory setting) than compliance costs. Further investigation into the consequences of opting in show that FPIs opting into the US audit committee requirements are less likely to restate their financial statements or disclose internal control material weaknesses, have less earnings management, and hence have better financial reporting quality. / Business Administration/Accounting

This study informs on the ways in which Swedish multinational companies (MNCs) operating in Russia perceive and respond to the corruption they face whilst operating there, coming from a home country with a low level of corruption, Sweden, in relation to Russia, a country with a high level of corruption. The study uses a qualitative research method, conducting semi-structured interviews with six senior executives from Swedish MNCs that have, or are currently working in Russia for the Swedish firm. The study informs on the forms and processes of corruption in Russia, and informs on not only how this impacts the operations of Swedish firms operating there, but also the measures they take to respond to this. The results indicate that corruption is widespread in Russia. Swedish MNCs saw bribery, state sector operations, and subcontractors as some of the areas where corruption was particularly prevalent. Swedish MNCs perceive corruption in Russia as inevitable and a liability of foreignness, permeating many aspects of operations in Russia. An overarching theme throughout the interviews and analysis was the notion of Swedish firms in Russia trying to find a mid-ground by balancing the demands of the HQ with the demands of the Russian business environment. Additionally, Swedish MNCs saw education, personnel policy, regulations and networking as some of the key areas for responding to corruption. The study contributes to existing knowledge of corruption, and specifically corruption in Russia, and contributes not only knowledge of Swedish firms operating in Russia, but of firms originating from countries with a low level of corruption operating in countries with a high level of corruption in general.

The flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) into a country can benefit both the investing entity (the home country) and the host country. The determinants of FDI are a highly discussed topic, with various determinants being analysed and discussed over time.  Multiple research papers focus on the determinants of the host country, which try to identify the most important factors that make countries attractive to investment from abroad. This paper aims to shed light on the home country determinants and their relationship with investments into the Republic of Ireland. Using panel data analysis for 28 different countries around the world from the years 2012 to 2019, this paper aims to find relationships between different home country related variables and FDI flows into the Republic of Ireland. We find evidence that FDI is positively associated with the market size of the home country, the corporate tax rate difference between the home and the host country and sharing an official language. On the other hand, population and distance were found to be negatively associated with FDI. Based on the results of our analysis, a discussion of the home country determinants and their impact on FDI into Ireland is presented.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Organizational structures are surrounding the entire businesses and are essential for the functionality of an organization. The importance of a structure that satisfies and encourages the staff in the success of the organization to do a god job reflects on the organization’s success.</p><p>There are many different kinds of people and behaviours in the world, which makes the world we live in very complex and diversified. The perceptions of one human being, living in Europe, most likely aren’t the same as the perceptions of one person living on the other side of the globe. This difference between people all over the world also diversifies the organizations, which consists of these people. Different behaviour and organization structures are preferred by different organizations. This fact makes it difficult to operate an organization that is expanding to operate between national boarders.</p><p>The difficulties in moving to new nations and meeting new cultures leads to many problems. How will an organization that operates over national boarders adopt to the different countries involved? This thesis will examine the difficulties for these kinds of problems and how they should minimize possible problems that might occur through internationalization. The main question in this thesis will look at exactly how the transformation to go from one organizational structure to another in a Multinational corporations.</p><p>For a further analyse of the problem, one organization in an expanding situation will be examined. The organization that will be analysed is LG Electronics, which is a Multinational Enterprise organization that operates in several countries. The LG Electronics is an organization from South Korea which in Sweden has an IT-division that has worked as an experiment, in an attempt to minimize the problems that might occur when different organization cultures starts to work with each other.</p><p>The thesis will be strengthened mainly through background and organizational preferences information about differences between nations and the nations that act as the host and the home country for the organization, the two different structures involved and a list of different types of Multinational organizations. To examine the situation in LG Electronics interviews with two different purposes will be done, one with investigational purpose and one with informational purpose.</p><p>Keywords</p><p>Culture, Organization structure, Multinational Enterprises, Matrix structure, Hierarchical structure, Organizational change, Transformation, Host country, Home country</p>

Abstract Organizational structures are surrounding the entire businesses and are essential for the functionality of an organization. The importance of a structure that satisfies and encourages the staff in the success of the organization to do a god job reflects on the organization’s success. There are many different kinds of people and behaviours in the world, which makes the world we live in very complex and diversified. The perceptions of one human being, living in Europe, most likely aren’t the same as the perceptions of one person living on the other side of the globe. This difference between people all over the world also diversifies the organizations, which consists of these people. Different behaviour and organization structures are preferred by different organizations. This fact makes it difficult to operate an organization that is expanding to operate between national boarders. The difficulties in moving to new nations and meeting new cultures leads to many problems. How will an organization that operates over national boarders adopt to the different countries involved? This thesis will examine the difficulties for these kinds of problems and how they should minimize possible problems that might occur through internationalization. The main question in this thesis will look at exactly how the transformation to go from one organizational structure to another in a Multinational corporations. For a further analyse of the problem, one organization in an expanding situation will be examined. The organization that will be analysed is LG Electronics, which is a Multinational Enterprise organization that operates in several countries. The LG Electronics is an organization from South Korea which in Sweden has an IT-division that has worked as an experiment, in an attempt to minimize the problems that might occur when different organization cultures starts to work with each other. The thesis will be strengthened mainly through background and organizational preferences information about differences between nations and the nations that act as the host and the home country for the organization, the two different structures involved and a list of different types of Multinational organizations. To examine the situation in LG Electronics interviews with two different purposes will be done, one with investigational purpose and one with informational purpose. Keywords Culture, Organization structure, Multinational Enterprises, Matrix structure, Hierarchical structure, Organizational change, Transformation, Host country, Home country

La présente thèse étudie l'importance des coûts non-traditionnels liés à l'échange en mettant l'accent sur les institutions nationales et sur les réseaux transfrontaliers sociaux et d'affaires. Au-delà de la nécessité d'identifier les coûts non-traditionnels, la question se pose également de les quantifier afin de pouvoir estimer la création de commerce associée à leur réduction et de formuler des recommandations précises en termes de politique économique. Les institutions et les réseaux augmentent la sécurité et assurent l'application des clauses contractuelles dans les transactions internationales, fournissent des contacts et des informations sur les partenaires potentiels étrangers, fait qui implique des coûts liés à l'échange inférieurs et moins d'incertitude dans les échanges internationaux. On montre que les potentiels de commerce sont généralement sous-estimés dans la littérature : l'intégration économique régionale peut créer beaucoup plus de commerce que l'on estime traditionnellement, et même quand la réduction totale des barrières aux échanges est achevée. L'amélioration et l'harmonisation des cadres institutionnels peuvent générer autant de commerce international que la libéralisation commerciale. Les réseaux sociaux favorisent l'échange par l'intermédiaire de liens ethniques, linguistiques etc. communs, mais aussi du à l'information et aux préférences acquises par la consommation des biens culturels d'origine étrangère. Les réseaux d'affaires sont illustrés par des associations de migrants et ont un effet positif sur le commerce plus fort que celui des réseaux sociaux.

綜觀台灣過去數十年來的產業經濟發展歷程，在國際間有許多正面的評價，稱之為「台灣經濟奇蹟」。在政府政策致力於塑造有利於科技產業發展的環境下，製造業為台灣產業帶來重大的貢獻，當我國不同的產業類別之製造業發揮其優勢競爭力的同時，亦使得台灣地區北、中、南三大區域發展出各自獨特且具有潛力的製造業特性。 事實上，區域產業特性與賦能之優劣將可透過區域中廠商與行動者的活動來表現，尤其是區域中的模範角色，是檢視區域中有無可學習的模範者和模仿其整體投資階段過程的重要指標，對於區域內外企業進駐和設立工廠的組織決策相當重要（Bandura, 1986; van Praag, 1996; Kriegesmann, 1999; Fornahl, 2003）。這樣的仿效行為將指向區域中旗艦廠商投資設廠區位選擇與組織決策行動，換句話說，旗艦廠商（flagship firm）是區域發展中重要的模範角色（role model）（Fornahl, 2003），而其區位選擇與組織決策行為對於區域發展將佔有舉足輕重的地位。另一方面，過去傳統投資區位選擇的討論，多論及單一廠商設立工廠在地理空間的決策行為。然而本研究認為旗艦廠商多工型工廠（multiplant）的特性在組織決策上的區位選擇行為，面對各區域經濟與產業發展特性的差異，應有不同於過去文獻與理論的考量。 是故，本研究透過天下雜誌公佈台灣地區2007年製造業1000大廠商，聚焦台灣地區製造業旗艦廠商面對投資母國區位選擇的考量，透過旗艦廠商在台投資多工型工廠歷程決策之整體分析，藉由投資時間與空間區位，以及廠商組織型態面向的討論，了解台灣地區旗艦廠商投資多工型工廠於母國區位選擇之因素。透過多項羅吉特模型的實證研究，本研究歸納研究成果，提出下列政策建議： 一、推動企業總公司在地化發展，有助區域內旗艦廠商再投資母國之活動 二、透過旗艦廠商在區域內之投資經驗，引導再投資活動，以利區域發展 三、區域內產業特性強化與升級，以加強區域高科技產業支撐力 四、科學工業園區與區域內科技基礎產業優勢分進合擊，提升產業關聯性 五、提升區域總體經濟發展，有助於吸引區域內高科技產業再投資之活動

Människors uppfattning om sig själva och sin omvärld påverkas mycket av medierna de konsumerar, i synnerhet nyhetsmedier, och nu kanske mer än någonsin genom den ökade tillgängligheten. För personer med delad nationell identitet, till exempel immigranter, kan nyhetskonsumtionen både påverka och påverkas av hur relationen till det nuvarande respektive tidigare hemlandet är och utvecklas. Den här uppsatsen bygger på två jämförande fallstudier, båda bestående av webbenkäter och intervjuer, som kartlägger och jämför användarvanor gällande nyhetskonsumtion bland svenskar bosatta på Island respektive islänningar bosatta i Sverige. För att försöka förstå och förklara vilka faktorer som påverkar användningen av nyhetsmedier har en tredelad modell lånats från tidigare forskning (Wadbring &amp; Andersson, 2016) och aningen modifierad använts som ramverk. Resultaten visar att fördelningen i konsumtion mellan det nuvarande och tidigare hemlandets nyhetsmedier är nästintill identisk för både svenskar på Island och islänningar i Sverige, där det nuvarande hemlandets nyhetsmedier dominerar något. Även gällande olika bakgrundsfaktorer följs de båda urvalsgruppernas nyhetsmedieanvändning åt. Förhoppningen är att uppsatsen ska kunna bidra till en större förståelse för det nuvarande respektive tidigare hemlandets nyheters betydelse för människor med delad nationell identitet.