In this study, the author provided a discussion of international cross-cultural validation studies which reported low internal consistency reliabilities for the self-motivation facet of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue). A review of salient models of emotional intelligence (EI) revealed that self-motivation was consistently conceptualised as part of the sampling domain of trait and mixed models of EI, but not ability-based conceptualisations of the construct. The author provided a qualitative evaluation of the ten self-motivation test items as they appeared in the TEIQue with the purpose of exploring the operationalisation of the construct in a multi-cultural South African sample. The exploratory-descriptive research was conducted amongst permanent employees who have all completed the TEIQue as part of on-going employee assessments. The present study found limited support for a satisfactory operationalisation of the self-motivation facet of the TEIQue as it related to a multi-cultural South African research sample. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology, with specialisation in Research Consultation)

Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a influência da agitação no cultivo em meio sólido, FES, quanto a crescimento microbiano, homogeneização do meio e remoção de calor. As correlações obtidas contribuem na definição de critérios para ampliação de escala da FES. O modelo adotado foi o cultivo do fungo Monascus sp. em arroz. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em reator tubular horizontal de 40 l, com agitação interna intermitente, camisa de resfriamento e vazão de ar de 2 l.min-1.Kgms-1. Os cultivos foram realizados com base num planejamento fatorial rotacional: 12 a 60 rotações das pás em 24 horas; 2 a 12 horas de intervalo entre os eventos de agitação. A intensidade do crescimento celular foi considerada com base no consumo de O2, produção de CO2 , concentrações de proteína e ergosterol. O consumo de O2 apresenta correlação de 81% com os padrões de agitação sendo que tanto o número de rotações quanto o intervalo entre os eventos de agitação influenciam negativamente o crescimento celular assim estimado. Por outro lado, a máxima velocidade de consumo de oxigênio, OUR, obtida por volta de 24 horas, em cultivos com menores intervalos entre os eventos de agitação, indica efeito positivo da agitação sobre a velocidade do crescimento de fungos em superfície, enquanto não ocorre compactação do meio de cultivo. Conclui-se, portanto, que a natureza do substrato empregado, arroz, cuja reologia é sensivelmente alterada pela agitação, contribuiu de modo deletério à respiração celular e que a adoção de reatores com agitação na FES, requer substrato com baixo teor de amido e elevado teor de fibras. As medidas de ergosterol apresentaram correlação de 85% com os padrões de agitação mostrando que o intervalo entre os eventos de agitação é o fator com maior impacto nesta resposta e os ensaios com maiores intervalos entre os eventos de agitação e maior número de voltas apresentaram concentrações aproximadamente dez vezes maiores de ergosterol em relação aos outros ensaios. Os coeficientes de variação de umidade em cinco pontos do reator representam a homogeneidade, pois relacionam-se com os padrões de agitação com correlação de 95%. / This investigation aimed to verify the influence of mixing microbial growth, medium homogenization and heat removal within a solid state fermentation (SSF) bioreactor. The correlations obtained will help to establish the scale-up criteria. The model system involved the cultivation of the fungi Monascus sp. on rice. The assays were performed in a 40 l bioreactor under internal intermittent mixing with a cooling jacket and an air flux of 2 l.min-1 kgdm-1. The cultivations followed a rotational factorial plan: 12 to 60 paddle revolutions in 24 hours; with an interval of 2 to 12 hours between mixing events. Cellular growth rate was estimated by O2 consumption, CO2 production, and protein and ergosterol concentrations. The O2 consumption showed an 81% correlation with the revolutions pattern, and both the number of revolutions and interval between mixing events, influenced cell growth negatively. The maximal oxygen consumption rate (OUR) was reached after about 24 hours in cultivations submitted to shorter intervals between mixing events which indicates a positive effect of shaking on the fungal growth rate on the particle surface, as long as no medium compaction occurs. Thus it was concluded that the kind of used substrate (rice), whose reology was perceptively modified by the mixing process, acted harmfully on microbial respiration. If mixing is to be used in SSF bioreactors, the substrate used should have a low starch content and a high fiber content Ergosterol content showed an 85% positive correlation with the revolution pattern, indicating that the interval between mixing events is the most important factor. Assays performed with longer intervals between mixing events and greater numbers of turns achieved about 10 times higher ergosterol concentration than the others. The coefficient of variation of the moisture at five sites of the reactor represents the homogeneity, since they are related to the revolution patterns by 95%.

O problema de testar hipóteses sobre proporções marginais de uma tabela de contingência assume papel fundamental, por exemplo, na investigação da mudança de opinião e comportamento. Apesar disso, a maioria dos textos na literatura abordam procedimentos para populações independentes, como o teste de homogeneidade de proporções. Existem alguns trabalhos que exploram testes de hipóteses em caso de respostas dependentes como, por exemplo, o teste de McNemar para tabelas 2 x 2. A extensão desse teste para tabelas k x k, denominado teste de homogeneidade marginal, usualmente requer, sob a abordagem clássica, a utilização de aproximações assintóticas. Contudo, quando o tamanho amostral é pequeno ou os dados esparsos, tais métodos podem eventualmente produzir resultados imprecisos. Neste trabalho, revisamos medidas de evidência clássicas e bayesianas comumente empregadas para comparar duas proporções marginais. Além disso, desenvolvemos o Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) para testar a homogeneidade marginal em tabelas de contingência bidimensionais e multidimensionais. O FBST é baseado em uma medida de evidência, denominada e-valor, que não depende de resultados assintóticos, não viola o princípio da verossimilhança e respeita a várias propriedades lógicas esperadas para testes de hipóteses. Consequentemente, a abordagem ao problema de teste de homogeneidade marginal pelo FBST soluciona diversas limitações geralmente enfrentadas por outros procedimentos. / Tests of hypotheses for marginal proportions in contingency tables play a fundamental role, for instance, in the investigation of behaviour (or opinion) change. However, most texts in the literature are concerned with tests that assume independent populations (e.g: homogeneity tests). There are some works that explore hypotheses tests for dependent proportions such as the McNemar Test for 2 x 2 contingency tables. The generalization of McNemar test for k x k contingency tables, called marginal homogeneity test, usually requires asymptotic approximations. Nevertheless, for small sample sizes or sparse tables, such methods may occasionally produce imprecise results. In this work, we review some classical and Bayesian measures of evidence commonly applied to compare two marginal proportions. We propose the Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) to investigate marginal homogeneity in two-way and multidimensional contingency tables. The FBST is based on a measure of evidence, called e-value, which does not depend on asymptotic results, does not violate the likelihood principle and satisfies logical properties that are expected from hypothesis testing. Consequently, the FBST approach to test marginal homogeneity overcomes several limitations usually met by other procedures.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden fünf typische Sedimentgesteine, zwei Sandsteine („Grès a Meules“, Fontainebleau), eine Kreide und zwei Kalksteine (Tuffeau, Vuillicin) im Hinblick auf ihre Porosität, Mineralbestand und Transporteigenschaften von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen untersucht. Das Ziel der Arbeit bestand zuerst in der Bestimmung von Standardabweichungen Strukturparameters und in der Aufklärung von Zusammenhängen zwischen den verschiedenen Messergebnissen. Mineralzusammensetzung und Transporteigenschaften Mehrere Zusammenhänge mit Hilfe von Wasser- und Quecksilberporosimetrie, Gasadsorption, Computertomographie, Licht- und Elektronmikroskopie, Wasseraufnahme- und Permeabilitätsmessungen, und mit Hilfe von Porenmodellen konnten nachgewiesen werden. Insbesondere wurde der Einfluss von Tonmineralien auf die Porenstruktur, die Permeabilität und die kapillare Wasseraufnahme nachgewiesen. Der Einfluss der Porenstrukturparameter auf die Wasser- und Gastransporteigenschaften wurde am Beispiel ausgewählter Sedimentgesteine ebenfalls nachgewiesen. Auf der Basis der experimentellen Ergebnisse wurden für die einzelnen Sedimentgesteine typische Porenmodelle entwickelt, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Porenstruktur im weitesten Sinne und den Transporteigenschaften bezüglich Wasser und Gasen wiedergeben. Ein wichtiger Aspekt der Arbeit war die Fragestellung, ob ausgewählte Sedimentgesteine als Referenz- bzw. Standardmaterialien für die Bewertung von Messverfahren oder von anderen Geomaterialien dienen können. Dazu wurden umfassende Homogenitätsuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich, dass eine Gesteinsart (Vuillecin-Kalkstein) unabhängig von der Probengröße inhomogen war und daher in keinem Falle als Geo-Standard in Betracht kommen kann. Bei den anderen hier untersuchten Sedimentgesteinen wurde gefunden, dass sie für Messverfahren, die ein relativ großes Probenvolumen (> 15 cm3) benötigen (z. B. die Wasserporosimetrie oder die Kapillaraufstiegsmethode an Bohrkernen) als hinreichend homogen bezüglich des Einsatzes als mögliche Geo-Referenzmaterialien einzustufen sind. Damit könnten sie u. a. zur Entwicklung oder Überprüfung z. B. von Modellen für Transporteigenschaften von Geomaterialien oder als Untersuchungsmaterial für Ringversuche verwendet werden. Im Falle von Messverfahren, die ein kleineres Probenvolumen (weniger als 2 oder 3 cm3) voraussetzen, beispielsweise die Gasadsorption oder die Quecksilberporosimetrie, war die gefundene Homogenität aller fünf hier untersuchten Sedimentgesteine nicht mehr ausreichend, um als Kandidatenmaterial für eine Referenzmaterial-Zertifizierung zu dienen. Dies spiegelte sich deutlich in den wesentlich größeren Streuungen der Messresultate gegenüber "synthetischen" zertifizierten Referenzmaterialien für die Gasadsorption und die Hg-Porosimetrie wieder. Damit entfällt auch ein möglicher Einsatz für die Kalibrierung von Messapparaturen oder für Methodenvalidierungen. / In this study, five typical sedimentary rocks, two sandstones (Fontainebleau, “Grès à Meules”), a chalk and two limestones (tuffeau, Vuillecin) were analyzed with regards to their porous structure, mineral structure and fluid transport properties. The aim of this study was first to assess the different characteristics of the rocks regarding their variations and their inter-dependences. Relationships were established using techniques such as water and mercury porosimetry, gas adsorption, X-ray computed tomography, optical and electron microscopy, and performing gas permeability and water imbibition measurements and pore model analyses. In particular, the role of clay mineral concentrations was exposed and the porous structure parameters, on which the fluid transport properties significantly depend, were identified regarding the degree of their influence. Furthermore, new ideal pore models were schematized. These models describe the fluid transport behaviours of the rocks either for gas flow or water imbibition. The second main goal was to express if or not these geomaterials could become useful reference materials or standards. It was shown that the degrees of homogeneity of the rocks were low in comparison with any existing certified reference materials, which are industrially synthesized. For this major reason, the possibilities of the elaboration of useful reference values using the rocks were found to be restraint. For instance, it was evident that the Vuillecin limestone had a too low homogeneity degree to be reasonably used in any way as reference material. The variations of many structure parameters of the other rocks were low for big samples (over 15 cm³). In this case, standards could be elaborated using methods such as the water porosimetry or the capillary water imbibition kinetics. Such standards would be useful in the field of geomaterial research for qualitative inter-comparisons and for the control or the development of pore models applied to the analysis of fluid transport properties. For small sample volumes (generally below 2 or 3 cm³) measured using techniques such as mercury porosimetry or gas adsorption, the accuracy of the structure parameters was too low and the rocks were found to be unsuitable for elaborating reference or standard values in the aim of the calibrating instruments, testing the efficiency of apparatus or validating new methods.

O problema de testar hipóteses sobre proporções marginais de uma tabela de contingência assume papel fundamental, por exemplo, na investigação da mudança de opinião e comportamento. Apesar disso, a maioria dos textos na literatura abordam procedimentos para populações independentes, como o teste de homogeneidade de proporções. Existem alguns trabalhos que exploram testes de hipóteses em caso de respostas dependentes como, por exemplo, o teste de McNemar para tabelas 2 x 2. A extensão desse teste para tabelas k x k, denominado teste de homogeneidade marginal, usualmente requer, sob a abordagem clássica, a utilização de aproximações assintóticas. Contudo, quando o tamanho amostral é pequeno ou os dados esparsos, tais métodos podem eventualmente produzir resultados imprecisos. Neste trabalho, revisamos medidas de evidência clássicas e bayesianas comumente empregadas para comparar duas proporções marginais. Além disso, desenvolvemos o Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) para testar a homogeneidade marginal em tabelas de contingência bidimensionais e multidimensionais. O FBST é baseado em uma medida de evidência, denominada e-valor, que não depende de resultados assintóticos, não viola o princípio da verossimilhança e respeita a várias propriedades lógicas esperadas para testes de hipóteses. Consequentemente, a abordagem ao problema de teste de homogeneidade marginal pelo FBST soluciona diversas limitações geralmente enfrentadas por outros procedimentos. / Tests of hypotheses for marginal proportions in contingency tables play a fundamental role, for instance, in the investigation of behaviour (or opinion) change. However, most texts in the literature are concerned with tests that assume independent populations (e.g: homogeneity tests). There are some works that explore hypotheses tests for dependent proportions such as the McNemar Test for 2 x 2 contingency tables. The generalization of McNemar test for k x k contingency tables, called marginal homogeneity test, usually requires asymptotic approximations. Nevertheless, for small sample sizes or sparse tables, such methods may occasionally produce imprecise results. In this work, we review some classical and Bayesian measures of evidence commonly applied to compare two marginal proportions. We propose the Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) to investigate marginal homogeneity in two-way and multidimensional contingency tables. The FBST is based on a measure of evidence, called e-value, which does not depend on asymptotic results, does not violate the likelihood principle and satisfies logical properties that are expected from hypothesis testing. Consequently, the FBST approach to test marginal homogeneity overcomes several limitations usually met by other procedures.

The thesis investigates a highly interesting, perennial issue in the contemporary development of higher education in times of massification and public sector reform: forces for organisational homogeneity and differentiation in the field, related shifts in organisational positioning of universities and of restructuration in the field. In particular, the thesis investigates higher education in Ireland between 2011 and 2016 and the impact of a national strategy for higher education launched in 2011. A specific focus of the research is on the intention to introduce a new institutional type, Technological Universities, to the field, and the early effects of this innovation upon organisational isomorphism. The emphasis upon the Institutes of Technology (IoTs) and their response to the reform imparts an element of originality to the thesis, and helps it to become a contribution to knowledge. From an organisational theory perspective, DiMaggio and Powell (1983) define organisational isomorphic change as a process of homogenisation, in which organisations operating within the same environment and under similar conditions, come to resemble one another. The study is informed by international examples of restructuring and institutional positioning. The thesis reviews a considerable amount of literature to discuss recent trends in higher education, and to analyse the literature on organisational isomorphism in general and the related literature on diversity and differentiation in higher education in particular. Further, substantial and creative efforts are made to design the empirical investigation including primary data analyses of interviews, the use of quantitative secondary data, and documentary analyses. This study is expected to be of particular interest to government, policy makers, scholars, and institutional leaders in the higher education area.

A participação de laboratórios nacionais em ensaios de proficiência internacionais expõe a fragilidade técnica na produção de Materiais de Referência (MR) no Brasil, devido à insuficiência desse tipo de material, tanto para ensaio de proficiência quanto para a rotina laboratorial. A capacitação de um Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública (LACEN) como produtor de MR, em bioquímica laboratorial, permitirá a disponibilização para toda rede de laboratórios públicos do estado de São Paulo, contribuindo na melhoria da qualidade das análises laboratoriais em bioquímica. A Secretaria de Estado da Saúde (SES) poderá padronizar a qualidade desses exames em toda rede pública estadual, detendo a tecnologia necessária para o controle de qualidade. O objetivo desse estudo foi mostrar a viabilidade de produção de MR candidatos à certificação para os perfis: lipídico, renal, hepático, glicêmico, cardíaco e ósseo e a utilização como controle de qualidade em laboratórios clínicos de bioquímica. A produção foi feita a partir de soro de origem animal, estabilizado e liofilizado, com caráter específico para dosagens bioquímicas, seja em metodologia manual, semi-automatizada ou automatizada. Para a análise quantitativa dos dados foi utilizado o aplicativo Action Act versão 8.2.1. O modelo possibilitará o uso para desenvolvimento de outros programas de ensaio de proficiência. A implementação resultará em um ganho de qualidade a baixo custo e incentivo para a implantação de sistemas de qualidade que garantam a confiabilidade dos exames laboratoriais da rede de laboratórios públicos estadual / The participation of national laboratories in International Proficiency Testing demonstrates the technical weakness in the production of Reference Materials (RM) in Brazil, due to the failure of this type of material for use both as proficiency testing for the routine laboratory. It is vital to encourage training providers to produce reference materials control serum, high quality and low cost in clinical biochemistry and encourage the implementation of quality systems to ensure the reliability of clinical laboratory. Accreditation biochemical testing and qualification of a Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN) as a producer of Reference Materials for proficiency testing in clinical biochemistry allow it to be available for the entire network of public laboratories in the State of São Paulo, contributing to improving the quality of laboratory analyzes biochemical processes for measurands and accredited. The State may standardize the quality of clinical examinations in all public schools, holding the technology needed to quality control. The aim of this study is to show the viability of producing candidates for certification for the profiles: renal, hepatic, lipid, glucose, cardiac and bone and the use in biochemistry laboratories. The reference material in biochemistry will be produced from biological material of animal origin, stabilized and lyophilized serum with specific character to be used in biochemical, whether in methodology manual, semi-automated or automated. For the quantitative analysis of the data the Action Act version 8.2.1 application was used. The implementation will result in a gain of quality at low cost and incentive for the implementation of quality systems to ensure the reliability of laboratory tests of state public health laboratories network

La caractérisation et l’étude de l’homogénéisation temps réel d’un mélange de produits liquides ou solides présente une opération clé pour de nombreux domaines industriels.Dans le présent travail, nous proposons un modèle de capteur acoustique sphérique miniaturisé et autonome, adapté à des fonctions de caractérisations en ligne des milieux hétérogènes de différentes natures. Ce capteur a la possibilité d’être dispersé dans un système dynamique en constituant un réseau de capteurs géo-localisables permettant une cartographie des propriétés recherchées du milieu. Sa forme sphérique creuse nous offre la possibilité de loger une électronique programmable pour gérer son fonctionnement par unité ou dans un réseau de capteurs identifiés par codage.D’un point de vu mécanique, le résonateur proposé est assemblé à partir de deux demi-sphères faites d'un matériau approprié (Plexiglas dans le cadre de notre étude), le capteur est mis en résonance à l’aide d’un élément piézo-électrique déposé entre les deux demi-sphères ayant la forme d'un anneau.Après une validation expérimentale du système en adoptant le principe de la trilatération, une étude sur l’atténuation et la vitesse de propagation de l’onde acoustique a été effectuée dans différentes solutions à 35 °C; eau, glucose, huile de colza, lait, gel laitier et grain de caillé en suspension (différente taille). / The characterization and the study of real-time homogenization of a mixture of liquid and solid products present a key operation for many industrial sectors.In this work, we propose a model of spherical acoustic sensor miniaturized and autonomous adapted to different functions of characterization online of heterogeneous media of various kinds. This sensor has the ability to be dispersed in a dynamic system by creating a network of geo-localization for mapping desired properties of the medium. Its spherical hollow shape gives us the opportunity to accommodate a programmable electronic for managing its function as a unit or in a sensor network identified by coding.From a mechanical point of view, the proposed resonator is assembled from two hemi-spheres made of a suitable material (Plexiglas in our study), the sensor is brought into resonance by using an element piezoelectric introduced between the two hemi-spheres having the shape of a ring.After an experimental validation of the system by adopting the principle of trilateration, a mitigation study and propagation velocity of the acoustic wave was performed in different solutions at 35 ° C; water, glucose, rapeseed oil, milk, dairy and grain curd gel suspension (different sizes).

It is needless to point out the necessity and the importance of the study of Pfaffian differential expressions and equations. While it is interesting to consider from the pure mathematical point of view, their applications in many branches of applied mathematics are well known. To mention a few, one may observe that they arise in connection with line integrals (example, determination of work). They provide a more rational formulation of the foundations of thermodynamics as 'developed by the Greek mathematician Caratheodory. They also arise in the problem of determining the orthogonal trajectories. In many branches of engineering and other physical sciences they appear with problems concerning partial differential equations.

In a Monte Carlo analysis of meta-analytic data, Type I and Type II error rates were compared for four homogeneity tests. The study controlled for violations of normality and homogeneity of variance. This study was modeled after Harwell (1997) and Kromrey and Hogarty's (1998) experimental design. Specifically, it entailed a 2x3x3x3x3x3x2 factorial design. The study also controlled for between-studies variance, as suggested by Hedges and Vevea's (1998) study. As with similar studies, this randomized factorial design was comprised of 5000 iterations for each of the following 7 independent variables: (1) number of studies within the meta-analysis (10 and 30); (2) primary study sample size (10, 40, 200); (3) score distribution skewness and kurtosis (0/0; 1/3; 2/6);(4) equal or random (around typical sample sizes, 1:1; 4:6; and 6:4) within-group sample sizes;(5) equal or unequal group variances (1:1; 2:1; and 4:1);(6)between-studies variance, tau-squared(0, .33, and 1); and (7)between-class effect size differences, delta(0 and .8). The study incorporated 1,458 experimental conditions. Simulated data from each sample were analyzed using each of four significance test statistics including: a)the fixed-effects Q test of homogeneity; b)the random-effects modification of the Q test; c) the conditionally-random procedure; and d)permuted Qbetween. The results of this dissertation will inform researchers regarding the relative effectiveness of these statistical approaches, based on Type I and Type II error rates. This dissertation extends previous investigations of the Q test of homogneity. Specifically, permuted Q provided the greatest frequency of effectiveness across extreme conditions of increasing heterogeneity of effects, unequal group variances and nonnormality. Small numbers of studies and increasing heterogeneity of effects presented the greatest challenges to power for all of the tests under investigation.