Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bulla_c_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 626020 bytes, checksum: d96c8e4feb7120d23a1c75d9cd2666f7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo. / Click electronic access below.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 steiner_ml_dr_botfm.pdf: 512184 bytes, checksum: d483eb904ab985864204da709525a408 (MD5) / Libbs Farmaceutica / Avaliar comparativamente a eficácia da terapêutica de reposição hormonal (TRH) de baixa dose isolada ou associada à sinvastatina no comportamento de marcadores de risco cardiovasculares e do perfil lipídico e lipoprotéico em mulheres sintomáticas e com dislipidemia na pós-menopausa. Duzentas e quarenta e duas mulheres na pós-menopausa, sintomáticas e com dislipidemia foram randomizadas em três grupos de tratamento: A) estradiol (E2) 1mg/acetato de noretisterona (NETA) 0,5mg [E2/NETA] + sinvastativa 20mg; B) E2/NETA + placebo; e C) sinvastatina 20mg + placebo. A eficácia de cada tratamento foi avaliada pela melhora do perfil lipídico e lipoprotéico e dos sintomas climatéricos ao final de 16 semanas de tratamento. O colesterol total, o LDL-C, o colesterol não-HDL e a Apo B diminuíram de forma significativa (p<0,0001) ao final de 16 semanas no grupo que utilizou E2/NETA + sinvastatina e naquele tratado com sinvastatina + placebo. A relação Apo B/Apo A1 também apresentou redução significativa nestes dois grupos (p<0,0001 e p=0,0026 respectivamente). A Apo A1 diminuiu apenas no grupo que recebeu E2/NETA + sinvastatina (p=0,0055). O grupo E2/NETA + placebo não apresentou alterações significativas no perfil lipídico e lipoprotéico entre as visitas basal e final. Aquele que utilizou E2/NETA + sinvastatina apresentou redução significativa do HDL-C e da Apo A1 quando comparado às usuárias de sinvastatina + placebo (p=0,0233 e p=0,0231 respectivamente). No alívio dos sintomas climatéricos, os grupos que utilizaram E2/NETA foram superiores a sinvastatina + placebo. Em mulheres na pós-menopausa com dislipidemia, a associação de E2/NETA em baixa dose com sinvastatina aliviou os sintomas climatéricos de forma semelhante à observada com a E2/NETA isolada e melhorou o perfil lipídico e lipoprotéico de modo semelhante ao uso isolado da sinvastatina. O uso de E2/NETA sem... / To evaluate low-dose hormone therapy (HT) + simvastatin for vasomotor symptoms and cardiovascular risk markers. Symptomatic postmenopausal women (n=242) with dyslipidemia were randomized to one of three treatment groups: A) 1mg estradiol/0.5mg norethisterone acetate (E2/NETA) + 20mg simvastatin; B) E2/NETA + placebo; or C) 20mg simvastatin + placebo. Lipid and lipoprotein profiles and menopausal symptoms were evaluated after 16 weeks. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and Apo-B decreased (p<0.0001) in groups A and C, as did Apo-B/Apo-A1 (p<0.0001 and p=0.0026, respectively). Apo-A1 decreased only in group A (p=0.0055). HDL cholesterol and Apo-A1 were lower in A than C (p=0.0233 and p=0.0231, respectively). Relief of menopausal symptoms was better in A and B compared to C. HT + simvastatin were effective for the treatment of symptomatic postmenopausal women and improved the lipid profile similar to simvastatin alone. It also delivered an improvement in the simultaneous treatment of menopausal symptoms and dyslipidemia

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a neuropeptide which stimulates the synthesis and release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland. The primary structure of this peptide has been identified in 7 mammalian species while the gene has been isolated from only rat and human. GHRH is a member of the glucagon superfamily which includes vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), glucagon, secretin, peptide histidine methionine (PHM), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and a recently identified peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). The evolutionary relationships of this superfamily are not well understood because the gene structure of these molecules has only been identified in mammals. This thesis presents immunological evidence of a GHRH-like molecule, and identifies a GHRH/PACAP precursor and gene that encode two peptides, a GHRH-like molecule structurally related to PACAP-related peptide (PRP) and PACAP, from sockeye salmon brain. An antiserum directed against a topologically assembled epitope of human GHRH 1-44 (NH2) was produced and used to develop a radioimmunoassay for detection of immunoreactive GHRH in brain extracts of salmon, guinea pig, mouse and alligator. An immunoreactive GHRH from salmon brain extracts with a retention time on reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) distinct from human GHRH was present. In alligator, the same antiserum also detected a GHRH-like molecule. During attempts to purify alligator GHRH, alligator brain neuropeptide Y (NPY) was identified. Alligator NPY is the first non-mammalian vertebrate to have 100% sequence identity to human NPY. The sequence identity between alligator and human NPY suggests that this sequence is the same as the ancestral amniote NPY. Molecular biological techniques were used for the structural identification of the salmon GHRH-like molecule and another peptide. The salmon GHRH/PACAP precursor contains 173 amino acids and has dibasic and monobasic processing sites for cleavage of a 45 amino acid GHRH-like peptide with a free acid C-terminus and a 38 amino acid PACAP with an amidated C-terminus. The salmon GHRH-like peptide has 40% amino acid sequence identity with the human GHRH and 56% identity with human PACAP-related peptide (PRP). Salmon PACAP-38 is highly conserved (89%) with only 4 amino acid substitutions compared with the human, ovine and rat PACAP-38 peptides. Nucleotide sequencing and use of the polymerase chain reaction show the exon/intron organization of the salmon GHRH/PACAP gene to be similar to the human PACAP gene. Unlike the mammalian PACAP genes, the salmon gene produces two precursor forms by post-transcriptional processing. One form is similar to the mammalian PACAP precursors, while the second form is shorter due to the excision of exon 4. This deletion results in the loss of the first 32 amino acids of the GHRH-like peptide from the precursor. The high sequence identity and structural organization between the GHRH(PRP)/PACAP and PHM(PHI)/VIP genes suggest a duplication event occurred in an ancestral gene after the divergence from the other glucagon superfamily members. GHRH in mammals may have arisen by gene duplication after the divergence of the tetrapods from the other vertebrate lines. Thus, GH in fish may be controlled by the two molecules, GHRH-like peptide and PACAP, located on a single GHRH/PACAP gene. / Graduate

Resumo: Clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo. / Abstract: Click electronic access below. / Orientador: Regina Kiomi Takahira / Coorientador: João Pessoa Araújo Júnior / Banca: Sheila Canavese Rahal / Banca: Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo / Banca: Luis Fernando Pita Gondim / Banca: Paulo Ricardo Oliveira Paes / Doutor

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a biometria, parÃmetros sanguÃneos e hormonais de cordeiros Santa InÃs. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros com peso vivo mÃdio inicial de 13,0  1,49 kg e aproximadamente 60 dias de idade para estimativa daglicose, colesterol, &#946;- hidroxibutirato, N- ureico, proteÃnas totais, albumina, globulina, cloreto, cÃlcio, fÃsforo, magnÃsio e os hormÃnios leptina, insulina e tiroxina (T4). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 2, que consistia detrÃs nÃveis de restriÃÃo alimentar (RA) (controle, 30% e 60%), trÃs perÃodos de coleta correspondente à idade dos animais (14, 18 e 23 semanas de idade) e duas classes sexuais (castrados e nÃo castrados). O sangue foi coletado por punÃÃo da veia jugular nos trÃs perÃodos de coleta. Para as medidas biomÃtricas utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, levando-se em consideraÃÃo os nÃveis de restriÃÃo e as classes sexuais. As medidas foram realizadas quinzenalmente durante todo perÃodo experimental.O hormÃnio Tiroxina nÃo foi influenciado pela idade, dieta ou classe sexual. Jà a leptina e a insulina aumentaram com a idade dos animais (P<0,01). As concentraÃÃes de glicose diminuÃram de acordo com o aumento do nÃvel de RA (P<0,001). As concentraÃÃes de BHB foram maiores à medida que se aumentou a restriÃÃo alimentar (P<0,001). O N-ureico foi influenciado pela idade e dieta experimental (P< 0,001) e houve interaÃÃo idade X classe sexual (P<0,01). As concentraÃÃes de colesterol total e proteÃnas totais nÃo foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos experimentais (P<0,05), entretanto a albumina e globulina foram influenciadas pela idade (P<0,001; P<0,01). As concentraÃÃes plasmÃticas de cloretos, cÃlcio, magnÃsio e fÃsforo variaram significativamente em funÃÃo da idade. Os animais submetidos à RA cresceram em ritmo mais lento, sendo que, a influencia negativa foi mais acentuada no R60 (60% de RA). No R30 (30% de RA), o ritmo de crescimento diminuÃdo foi mais perceptÃvel com 100 dias de idade no peso corporal (PC), com 130 dias no escore de condiÃÃo corporal (ECC) e perÃmetro torÃcico (PT), com 145 dias na altura de garupa (AG) e com 160 dias no comprimento de garupa (CG) e largura de peito (LP). A anÃlise da correlaÃÃo de Pearson mostra que as medidas biomÃtricas sÃo co-dependentes do nÃvel de alimentaÃÃo do animal, pois as correlaÃÃes foram altas e significativas nos animais controle (r= + 0,61 a 0,95). Conclui-se que os parÃmetros metabÃlicos foram influenciados mais pela idade do que pela dieta e que a restriÃÃo alimentar afeta o perfil metabÃlico e hormonal, em especial o &#946;-hidroxibutirato e a insulina. O escore de condiÃÃo corporal, peso corporal e largura de peito foram os parÃmetros mais sensivelmente influenciados pela RA. / The present study aimed to evaluate biometric measurements and blood and hormonal parameters of Santa Ines lambs. Thirty lambs with an average live weight of 13.0  1.49 kg and 60 days of age were used to estimate glucose, cholesterol, &#946;-hydroxybutyrate, urea N, total protein, albumin, globulin, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and leptin, insulin, and thyroxine (T4) hormones. Lambs were assigned to a randomized complete design in a 3 à 2 factorial arrangement consisting of three levels of food restriction (FR) (control, 30%, and 60%), three collection periods corresponding the age of the animals (14, 18, and 23 weeks of age), and two sex categories (castrated and uncastrated). Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture in the three collection periods. For biometric measurements, a randomized complete design in a 3 à 2 factorial arrangement was adopted, taking into account restriction levels and sex categories. Measurements were taken every two weeks throughout the experimental period. The hormone thyroxine was not influenced by age, diet, or sex category. Leptin and insulin increased with the animal age (P <0.01). Glucose concentrations decreased as the FR level were increased (P <0.001). &#946;-hydroxybutyrate concentrations increased as the food restriction was increased (P <0.001). Urea nitrogen was influenced by age and experimental diet (P <0.001), and there was an age à sex category interaction effect (P <0.01). Concentrations of total cholesterol and total proteins were not influenced by experimental treatments (P <0.05), but albumin and globulin were influenced by age (P <0.001, P <0.01). Plasma concentrations of chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus varied significantly according to age. Animals subjected to FR grew at a slower rate, and the negative influence was more pronounced at 60% FR. At 30% FR, the growth rate decline was more noticeable at 100 days of age for body weight (BW); at 130 days for body condition score (BCS) and chest girth (CG); at 145 days for rump height (RH); and at 160 days for rump length (RL) and breast width (BW). Pearson's correlation analysis showed biometric measurements are co-dependent on the feeding level because correlations were high and significant in control animals (r = 0.61 to 0.95). It is concluded that the metabolic parameters were more influenced by age than by diet, and food restriction affects the metabolic and hormonal profiles, in particular &#946;-hydroxybutyrate and insulin. Body condition score, body weight, and breast width were the most significantly affected by FR parameters.

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Class of 2016 Abstract / Objectives: Specific Aim #1: Assess no difference in patient satisfaction. Our working hypothesis is that there is no difference in satisfaction with follow-up calls in women receiving HRT from pharmacists or pharmacy intern students at Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy. Specific Aim #2: Assess patient satisfaction with follow-up calls from pharmacy student interns. Our working hypothesis is that women receiving HRT are satisfied with follow-up calls for their therapy when it is conducted by pharmacy student interns, which enhances proper treatment guidance and adherence. Methods: This study will be a descriptive, direct comparison study that will use data obtained through an online questionnaire consisting of the following: four questions determining the patient’s demographics and eighteen questions on patient satisfaction with follow-up calls from Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy with pharmacy student interns. Results: Of the estimated 60 patients sample size, only 31 questionnaires were completed. The largest proportion of patients was between the ages of 51 and 60 (58%). The length of therapy in participating women varied quite significantly with one-fourth of patients on HRT for 4-5 years or more (26%). The patient satisfaction of follow-up calls conducted by pharmacy intern students survey results indicated, in general, that patients agreed that they were satisfied with the service that they were receiving from the pharmacy interns. There was no disagreement with the items, the intern provides education that will help me understand how to take my medications, being pleased that the intern is following-up, having input on hormone therapy, and with the items regarding intern professionalism and intern knowledge. The greatest disagreement was with three items asking about comfort talking with either a female or male intern, and the item about paying extra to ensure follow-up calls. Results from this study were compared with results from five questions adapted using a questionnaire from DiMaggio et al. Note that this study used 7 response fields: strongly disagreed, somewhat disagreed, disagreed, no opinion, agreed, somewhat agreed, strongly agreed. Data from DiMaggio et al used 5 response fields: strongly disagreed, disagreed, no opinion, agreed, strongly agreed. Responses were grouped by strongly disagreed, somewhat disagreed, disagreed, and no opinion in one and strongly agreed, somewhat agreed, and agreed in the second. The data from both studies were compared by considering proportion of patients who agreed at some level with each item. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (p > 0.08); both groups showed a high level of agreement on the five satisfaction items. Conclusions: The women receiving hormone replacement therapy in this study were satisfied with follow-up calls from pharmacy student interns at Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy. There is no difference in satisfaction with follow-up calls in women receiving HRT from pharmacists or pharmacy student interns. In addition to satisfaction, women are satisfied with follow-up calls for their therapy when it is conducted by pharmacy student interns, which enhances proper treatment guidance and adherence.

Class of 2005 Abstract / Objectives: To assess whether the satisfaction of women with the pharmacist administered bio-identical hormone replacement therapy consultation service has improved since the implementation of a follow up call program at Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 200 randomly selected women who had completed their HRT consultation and received all three follow-up calls provided by Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy within the time frame from July 22, 2003 to April 22, 2004. The returned surveys were then organized and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Additionally, independent t-tests were used to compare data collected in 2001 vs. 2004 on relevant questionnaire items of interest. Main results: Of the 200 surveys sent out to patients, 125 replied (a response rate of 62.5%). Over 50% heard about it through referral from their provider, and almost 35.2% from a friend or a relative. Regarding the follow-up call service, 95.9% of the patients either agreed or strongly agreed that it was helpful; however, only 73.8% feel comfortable discussing their concerns with student interns, who are responsible for the follow-up calls. In the assessment of new health conditions developed after natural hormone therapy initiation, 94.3% of the respondents reported with no new health conditions. T-tests revealed an improvement in patient satisfaction items between 2001 and 2004 with p-values < 0.05. Principal Conclusions: The results of the study showed that there was an improvement in patient satisfaction with the consultation service since 2001, and most of the differences found were statistically significant. The survey result also showed that participants were happy about the follow-up calls, which in terms, perhaps contributed to the increase in satisfaction.

No description available.

The focus of the research described in this section of the thesis is the synthesis of compounds expected to bind strongly to both the estrogen β and α receptors and act as estrogen agonists. Based on earlier results in our group and docking studies we prepared a series of A-CD analogs, compounds 1, in which the usual 13-methyl group was replaced by an ethyl group. Docking studies also indicated that substituents at C8 could lead to enhancement of binding to the estrogen receptor. With this in mind two such derivatives, compounds 2 were prepared. A major concern in the use of estradiol in hormone replacement therapy is its potential metabolism of dangerous ortho-quinones. The 1,2-naphthalenediol derivatives 3 avoid this possibility. They were predicted to be potent binders to the estrogen receptors with the naphthalene diol portion serving as rings A and B and the hydroxyl group taking the place of the 17-OH group of estradiol. The preparation of several derivatives of 2 is reported. The estrogen receptor binding [ERB] relative to estradiol as standard has been determined at the University of Illinois for a number of the compounds prepared in this thesis. Unfortunately, the results were not as encouraging as expected. Importantly, all of the 13-ethyl derivatives tested showed lower binding affinity compared to the 13-methyl analogs. Similarly, the derivatives with substituents at C8 do not show higher activity than those having only hydrogens at C8. Finally, the situation with the naphthalene derivatives is, at this stage, still not completely resolved. The binding for the compounds thus tested is quite low, but it must be admitted that the structures thus far synthesized have a much lower LogP than estradiol, a factor known to greatly decrease the binding constants to the estrogen receptors.