Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur handläggare på försäkringskassan ser på den utsatthet som de själva utsätts för i sin yrkesroll i form av myndighetsutövning kontra hot. För att uppnå syftet har jag använt mig av en kvalitativ metod där jag med hjälp av en hermeneutisk ansats har tolkat resultatet. Totalt genomförde jag fyra stycken intervjuer med handläggare på försäkringskassan, där syftet var att få ta del av deras egen syn på sin arbetssituation. Resultaten visar att handläggarna generellt känner sig trygga i sin roll och att myndighetsutövningen eller rädsla för hot inte är någonting som påverkar deras dagliga arbete. De säger sig ha en distans mellan arbetet och det personliga, och uppger sig inte ha några svårigheter att kombinera dessa två. De två faktorer handläggarna främst upplever som svårigheter i sin yrkesroll är att de ibland känner det svårt att leva upp till rollen som personlig handläggare när arbetsbelastningen är så hög som den är idag samtidigt som de är så starkt begränsade av de tidsregler som satts upp för varje ärende. Den andra faktorn som nämns är att det kan vara påfrestande att lämna negativa besked till klienter. För att få ytterligare förståelse för de resultat som framkom genom intervjuerna, har jag i analysen tagit hjälp av Lipsky och Johanssons teorier om gräsrotsbyråkrati, Hasenfelds människobehandlande organisationer, Foucaults maktbegrepp, samt Webers byråkratibegrepp och idealtyper för handling. De slutsatser jag tillslut drog av studien var att även om handläggarna är väl medvetna om de svåra aspekterna av sitt arbete och att de kan känna att de har en för hög arbetsbelastning och att arbetet ibland kan vara väldigt påfrestande, så verkar det inte vara någonting som påverkar deras dagliga arbete i särskilt hög grad, utan generellt så upplever jag att de har en positiv syn på sitt arbete och att de trivs bra på sina respektive arbetsplatser.

The technology of Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN) is getting mature.Even the INTEL,Co developed the WLAN chip (Centrino) that can be embedded in laptops or PDAs. So that , the chip could upgrade the device of the efficiency of WLAN and increase the number of the users. Recently, the WLAN has been a very hot issue, but most of the studies that have been done are concerned with the technique perspective¡Bproperty perspective and strategy; very little research has been conducted to investigate the consumer perspective. Therefore, for saving the resources and enhancing the quality of the WLAN¡¦s research, the purpose of this study is to explore the network users¡¦ acceptance after implement the system based on ¡§the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology¡¨(UTAUT). The results of this research indicate that (1) there are 4 key components extracted: ¡uPerformance Expectancy¡v¡B¡uEffort Expectancy¡v¡B¡uSocial Influence¡v and¡uFacilitating Condition¡v;(2) ¡uPerformance Expectancy¡vand¡uEffort Expectancy¡v influence employee¡¦s behavior intention significantly . That is, we can use the model to predict the network users¡¦ behavior onUsing WLAN. On the other hand, this study is also investigate the effect after implement WLAN and made the suggestions to development of Govermant or ISP suppliers in future.

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The purpose of this research is to develop methods that reduce energy consumption in a residential building in a hot and humid climate region (Thailand) using efficient architectural building components and renewable energy (solar energy) to produce electricity, domestic hot water, and supplemental cooling by night sky radiation. Improving the architectural building components, including building materials, is an option to reduce energy consumption in a building. Using renewable energy sources is another option to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy. In residential buildings, solar energy has been utilized for space heating and domestic hot water using active solar collector systems and for generating electricity using photovoltaic (PV) systems. One photovoltaic system, the hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collector system, has been developed by several researchers over the last 20 years. The hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collector system is a combination photovoltaic (for producing electricity) and solar thermal collector (for producing hot water). Theoretical and experimental studies of this collector have highlighted the advantages of the hybrid PV-T collector system over separate systems of PV and solar collector in term of system efficiency and economics. Unfortunately, very little experimental data exists that demonstrates the advantages of a combined system. Therefore, one of the objectives of this study conducted was an experimental study of this system as an auxiliary energy source for a residential building. Night sky radiation has also been studied as a cooling strategy. However, no attempt so far could be found to integrate it to a hybrid PV-T collector system. The night sky radiation strategy could be operated with the hybrid PV/T collector system by using existing resources that are already present in the solar system. The integration of the night sky radiation into the hybrid PV-T collector system should yield more productivity of the system than the operation of the Hybrid PVT system alone. The research methods used in this work included instrumentation of a case-study house in Thailand, an experimental PV-T collector system, and a calibrated building thermal simulation. A typical contemporary Thai residential building was selected as a case-study house. Its energy use and local weather data were measured and analyzed. Published energy use of Thai residential buildings was also analyzed as well to determine average energy consumption. A calibrated computer model of the case-study building was constructed using the DOE-2 program. A field experiment of the thermal PV system was constructed to test its ability to simultaneously produce electricity and hot water in the daytime, and shed heat at night as a cooling strategy (i.e., night sky radiation). The resultant electricity and hot water produced by the hybrid PV-T collector system helped to reduce the use of non-renewable energy. The cooling produced by the night sky radiation also has to potential to reduce the cooling load. The evaluation of the case-study house and results of the field experiment helped to quantify the potential reduction of energy use in Thai residential buildings. This research provided the following benefits: 1) experimental results of a hybrid PV-T solar collector system that demonstrates its performance compared to typical system of separate photovoltaic and solar collector, 2) results of night sky radiation experiments using a photovoltaic panel as a radiator to demonstrate the performance of this new space cooling strategy, and 3) useful data from the case-study house simulation results and guidelines to assist others in transferring the results to other projects.

This study evaluated the potential of toplighting systems in the hot and humid tropics by using Bangkok, Thailand (latitude 13.7°N) as a test location. The analysis tested both the thermal and lighting performance of three toplighting systems. Toplighting, designed for use in one-story buildings or on the top floor of taller buildings, yields a uniformly distributed light throughout a space. However, in lower latitude locations, where there is no heating period, heat gain is a critical design issue since it significantly affects the annual energy consumption of the building. Accordingly, the decision to use toplighting in these locations needs to be carefully examined before any design considerations occur. In this study, the thermal and lighting performance of three toplighting systems were compared. For the thermal performance, total cooling loads, heat gains and losses, and interior temperature were evaluated. The lighting performance parameters examined were daylight factor, illuminance level, light distribution, and uniformity. EnergyPlus was used as the thermal analysis tool, and RADIANCE, along with a physical scale model, was used as the lighting performance analysis tool. The sky conditions tested were overcast, clear sky, and intermediate sky. Results have shown that, for locations with hot and humid climates with variable sky conditions such as Bangkok, Thailand, the roof monitors perform better than the other two systems in terms of the thermal and lighting performance. With similar cooling loads, the roof monitor provides better illuminance uniformity than the skylights and lightscoops, with adequate illuminance level (at mostly higher than 500 lux).

Since the 1960’s, high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes have been successfully used as a travel demand management technique. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes as an alternative to HOV lanes to help manage the increasing demand for travel. HOT lanes combine pricing and vehicle occupancy restrictions to optimize the demand for HOV lanes. As two of the four HOT lanes in the world, the HOT lane facilities in Houston, Texas received relatively low patronage after operating for over 6 years on the Katy Freeway and over 4 years on the Northwest Freeway. There existed an opportunity to increase the usage of these HOT lanes by allowing single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) travelers to use the lanes, for an appropriate toll. The potential SOV demand for HOV lane use during the off-peak periods from the Katy Freeway and Northwest Freeway general-purpose lane (GPL) travelers was estimated in this study by using the data collected from a 2003 survey of travelers on the Katy and Northwest Freeway GPLs who were not enrolled in QuickRide. Based on survey results, more travelers would choose to drive on the HOT lanes as SOV travelers during the off-peak periods when the facilities provided higher travel time savings and charged lower tolls. Two important factors influencing travelers’ use of the HOV lanes were their value of travel time savings (VTTS) and penalty for changing travel schedule (VPCS). It was found that respondents had VTTS approximately 43 percent of their hourly wage rate and VPCS approximately 3 percent of their hourly wage rate. Combining this information with current travel time savings and available capacity on the HOV lanes, it was found that approximately 2000 SOV travelers per day would pay an average toll of $2.25 to use the HOV lanes during the off-peak periods.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983.

This study focuses on hot and warm forming properties of aluminum alloy AA5182 sheet, with attention toward warm forming, by using gas pressure to form sheet material. A temperature range of 300°C to 450°C and a pressure range of 690 kPa (100 psi) to 2410 kPa (350 psi) were used in a test matrix of twenty one different test conditions for gas-pressure forming of a sheet into hemispherical dome in a gas-pressure bulge test. Multiple sets of tensile data were used to develop a material model that predicts the dome height and shape of an axisymmetric bulge specimen at any given time during forming. In simulations of the forming process, 17 simulations of the total 21 experimental conditions showed good agreement with the experimentally measured dome heights throughout forming tests. The four cases that did not show good agreement between simulation and experiment are a result of strain-hardening in the material during forming. Strain hardening was not significant in tension testing of specimens and was not accounted for in the material model, which considered only strain rates slower than for these experimental bulge testing. This demonstrates an effect which must be considered in future simulations to predict forming approaching warm conditions. Two experimental bulge specimens were cross-sectioned post forming and grain sizes were measured to determine if grain growth occurred during the forming process. Experimental bulge specimens show no grain growth during the forming process. The tensile specimens from which the material model data were taken were measured to determine if plastic anisotropy was a possible issue. All specimens measured were proved to have deformed nearly isotropically. The results of this study show that predicting warm and hot forming of aluminum alloy AA5182 using gas pressure is possible, but that a more complex material model will be required for accurate predictions of warm forming. This is a very important step toward making hot and warm forming commercially viable mass production techniques. / text

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Arbetsmiljöverket har i en undersökning kommit fram till att hot och våld mot vårdpersonal är ett allvarligt arbetsmiljöproblem och har blivit allt vanligare i arbetslivet. Syftet var att belysa förekomst av hot och våld inom den somatiska vården och hur detta inverkar på sjuksköterskan i sitt arbete. En litteraturstudie användes som metod och innefattade 13 artiklar som granskades med vetenskapligt fokus. Artiklarna sammanfattades under fem olika kategorier: Förekomst av hot och våld, olika typer av hot och våld, förövaren, konsekvenser för omvårdnadspersonal i deras arbete och sjuksköterskerollen i en våldsituation. Hot och våld är vanligt förekommande i sjuksköterskeyrket och inverkar på många olika sätt både på sjuksköterskans och patientens situation. Uppskattningar om förekomsten av hot och våld pekar på att det finns ett stort mörkertal av antalet incidenter. För att förbättra situationen måste framför allt utbildning med början redan under sjuksköterskeutbildningen och sedan kontinuerligt under yrkesverksamheten tillkomma. Det har även diskuteras möjligheter att tillgripa rättsliga åtgärder till följd av hot och våld för att markera att det inte är accepterat.