Der Forschungskreis Vereinte Nationen wurde 1999 als informelles Netzwerk für UN-Forschung gegründet mit dem Ziel, den Informationsaustausch unter den Wissenschaftlern der verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen und den Dialog mit den Praktikern zu fördern. Die regelmäßig stattfindenden Potsdamer UNO-Konferenzen des Forschungskreises Vereinte Nationen widmen sich der kritischen Analyse der UN-Forschung. Darüber hinaus bieten sie ein Forum für die Diskussion mit Politikern, UN-Mitarbeitern, Diplomaten und Journalisten über die Aufgaben der Vereinten Nationen und ihre Strukturen sowie über Konzepte zu ihrer Reform. Im vorliegenden Buch werden wichtige Referate der Potsdamer UNO-Konferenzen 2000 – 2008 veröffentlicht, die sich unter anderem den Themenbereichen Friedenssicherung, Menschenrechtsschutz und Umweltschutz durch die Vereinten Nationen, der Reform der UN-Hauptorgane sowie der deutschen UN-Politik und der UN-Politik im Rahmen der Europäischen Union widmen, und die ergänzt werden durch Beiträge der beiden Herausgeber zu den Problemen und Perspektiven der UN-Forschung in Deutschland. / The Forschungskreis Vereinte Nationen (Research Group on the United Nations) was founded in 1999 with the aim of promoting the exchange of information among scientists of different disciplines and the dialogue between the UN researchers and the practitioners. The Potsdam Conferences of the Forschungskreis convened at regular intervals address the critical analysis of UN research. Moreover the conferences provide a forum for the discussion with politicians, UN officials, diplomats and journalists about the tasks of the UN and its structures as well as about concepts for its reform. The present book publishes important lectures of the Potsdam Conferences 2000 – 2008, dealing among other things with peacekeeping, human rights protection and environmental protection of the United Nations, the reform of its principal organs as well as with the German UN policy and the UN policy of the European Union. The lectures are supplemented by contributions of the two editors on the problems and perspectives of UN research in Germany.

<p><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">As a case study, the paper analyzes the Bank&rsquo / s role in the Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Oil Pipeline project (the project) in which the Bank has been involved since the year 2000. The paper presents the lessons, challenges and implications from this protection of human rights.</p> </font></font></p>

A presente dissertação trata da dupla incriminação como condição para a extradição. A dupla incriminação surgiu nos contornos da gramática da extradição, com fundamento na aplicação da legalidade penal e em razões de reciprocidade. Atualmente, também se diz que a dupla incriminação embasa-se no princípio da solidariedade internacional. Todos os 27 tratados de extradição assinados pela República Federativa do Brasil possuem a cláusula da dupla incriminação em seus textos. O Supremo Tribunal Federal considera a dupla incriminação nas ações de extradição sob o viés da legalidade penal e mediante exame acurado dos elementos constitutivos do crime objeto da solicitação estrangeira. O Modelo de Tratado de Extradição da ONU recomenda que não se examine os elementos constitutivos do crime no conceito da dupla incriminação, a qual deve ser compreendida no seu sentido in abstrato. No âmbito da União Européia a dupla incriminação deixou de ser obrigatória para o rol de delitos previstos na Decisão-quadro n. 2002/584. O atual modelo de extradição no Brasil no tocante à dupla incriminação não alcança a efetiva proteção do indivíduo, tampouco reforça a cooperação internacional ou mesmo garante à vítima seu direito fundamental de acesso à Justiça. / The current research concerning to double criminality as a condition to extradition. The double criminality was emerged in the contours of the grammar extradition, was based on the application of criminal legality and reciprocity. Currently also says that the double criminality is based on the international solidarity principle. All of the twenty-seven treaties signed by Federative Republic of Brazil have the requirement of double criminality in their texts. The Brazilian Supreme Court takes into account the double criminality under the bias of the criminal legality and the scrutiny of crimes elements, which are subject the foreign requirement. The UN Draft Extradition Treaty recommends do not assess crimes elements under the double criminality concept, which might understand in the sense of in abstract. Within the European Union the double criminality is not obligatory requirement for some offences established in the Framework Decision n. 2002/584. The current Brazilian extradition model regarding double criminality not achieve the effective individual protection nether reinforces the international cooperation in criminal matters nor even ensures that victim his fundamental right of access to Justice.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the analysis of the right to a favourable environment, or to the protection of the certain quality of the environment with a focus on the regional human rights systems. This diploma thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter outlines the evolution of human rights at the universal level and certain related problems that accompany this evolution. The second chapter is concerned with the overview of the human-rights based approaches to the protection of the envrionment which include inter alia the effort for the recognition of the separate right to a favourable environment. The third chapter examines the evolution of the right to a favourable environment, or to the protection of the certain quality of the environment within the regional human rights systems so it concentrates on the control mechanisms of the relevant regional systems and their activity in the area of the protection of the environment. The conclusion deals with the evaluation of the evolution of the right to a favourable environment within the international law, focuses on the comparison and assessment of the common and different features of the regional human rights systems and indicates the future trend.

Magister Legum - LLM / As a case study, the paper analyzes the Bank’s role in the Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Oil Pipeline project (the project) in which the Bank has been involved since the year 2000. The paper presents the lessons, challenges and implications from this protection of human rights.

The thesis deals with a legal status of the ombudsman, one of the most important institutions of human rights protection. It offers not only a detailed analysis of legal regulations of the Czech ombudsman, but it also deals with a status of the similar institutions in selected countries from different parts of the world (Slovakia, Sweden, Denmark, Italy, South Africa, Georgia, Arizona - USA and European Union. First chapter provides fundamental characteristics of the ombudsman institutions, their history and significance to society of today. Chapter two discusses the legislation of the Czech ombudsman in detail, chapter three concerns itself with foreign ombudsmen regulations. Last chapter deals with comparison of regulations of all the above mentioned countries.

The thesis deals with the legal status of Ombudsman in the Czech Republic and abroad. It focuses primarily on comparison with ombudsman institutions in selected countries (France, UK, Italy, Germany, Poland, Slovakia and the European Union).The first chapter describes the basic characteristics of ombudsman institutions, their development and significance for today's society. The second chapter is analyzed in detail the legislation of the Ombudsman in the Czech Republic. The third and fourth chapter is devoted to ombudsmen abroad. The last chapter provides a comparison of individual laws in mentioned countries.

A Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos é uma instância jurídico política que integra o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos e é responsável pela análise de denúncias de violações a direitos ocorridos nos diversos países das Américas. A proposta deste trabalho é analisar as decisões de admissibilidade, mérito e acordos de solução amistosa publicadas pela Comissão e verificar a incidência de casos de violação a direitos humanos das mulheres. Mais do que simples casos em que a mulher é vítima, os casos objeto de análise deste trabalho apresentam situações em que justamente a violência ocorreu porque a vítima é do sexo feminino. Esta pesquisa congrega dados quantitativos e qualitativos sobre a ocorrência destas demandas no Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos e os impactos que as decisões da Comissão trazem para a observância dos direitos humanos das mulheres na região, bem como para a própria reformulação do conceito de direitos humanos / The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights is a political and juridical instance which is part of the Inter-American Human Rights System and analyzes human rights violations reports in many countries in the American continent. This research evaluates the rulings of admissibility, merit and friendly solution agreements published by the Commission; it also verifies the frequency of womens human rights violation cases. More than just simple cases in which a woman is a victim, these analyzed episodes show that the violence took place precisely because the victim was a woman. This dissertation is based upon quantitative and qualitative data concerning the occurrence of these cases in the Inter- American Human Rights System and the impact that this decisions had on womens human rights observance in the region and on the re-formulation of human rights concept itself.

Santrauka Bandant atsakyti į klausimą ar naujoji JT Žmogaus teisių taryba – veiksmingesnės žmogaus teisių apsaugos garantas ar viso labo iliuzija, šiame darbe yra aptariami Tarybos pirmtakės – Komisijos – istorija, raida, pasiekimai, trūkumai bei privalumai. Taip pat yra pateikiamas šios JT žmogaus teisių institucijos reformos įvertinimas. Darbe – aptariama pakitusi Tarybos vieta bei statusas JT sistemoje (nuo šiol Taryba yra pagalbinė Generalinės Asamblėjos institucija). Taip pat yra analizuojama Tarybos sudėtis, aptariant pakitusį narių skaičių bei geografinį jų pasiskirstimą. Detaliai analizuojama nauja rinkimų į Tarybą tvarka, kuri turėtų padidinti Tarybos atskaitingumą bei pakelti pasitikėjimą ja. Darbe taip pat nagrinėjami reikalavimai šalims, siekiančioms patekti į Tarybą, o taip pat papildomi bendradarbiavimo reikalavimai šalims, išrinktoms į Tarybą. Aptariamas padidintas Tarybos sesijų skaičius bei jų bendra trukmė, kas turėtų suteikti Tarybai galimybę greičiau, rimčiau bei nuosekliau reaguoti į žmogaus teisių problemas, staiga kylančias krizes, o taip pat užsiimti žmogaus teisių pažeidimų prevencija. Darbe – analizuojami Tarybos veiklos mechanizmo elementai – specialiosios procedūros, skundų procedūra, Patariamasis komitetas, bei naujoji Visuotinės periodinės peržiūros procedūra. Taip pat yra aptariamas kitas aspektas, nuo kurio didele dalimi priklauso Tarybos veiksmingumas – NVO vaidmuo Tarybos veikloje, kuris išliko beveik toks pats koks jis buvo Komisijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Summary In an attempt to answer the question whether the new UN Human Rights Council is a guarantee of a more effective protection of human rights or merely an illusion, the paper discusses history, development, achievements, shortcomings and merits of the Council's predecessor -- the Commission. The paper also presents an assessment of this UN human rights institution's reform. The paper discusses the altered place and status of the Council within the UN system (from now on the Council is a subsidiary institution of the General Assembly). The paper also analyzes the Council's composition, discussing the changed number of members and their geographical distribution. The paper also provides detailed analysis of the new rules for electing Council members, which should make the Council more representative and should increase trust in the Council. The paper also examines requirements set for the countries vying for a seat on the Council as well as additional requirements for the countries elected to the Council. The paper discusses the increased number of sessions and their overall duration, something that should help the Council to react to sudden human rights crises and to deal with human rights problems in a faster, more serious and more consistent manner as well as help the Council to be proactive when it comes to human rights violations. The paper analyzes the elements of the Council's work mechanism -- special procedures, complaint procedure, the Advisory Committee and the... [to full text]

At the end of XX century, after the collapse of totalitarian regimes, Central and Eastern European states started a new development process related to essential constitutional reforms. It became necessary to ensure human rights and freedoms, their fulfilment and protection. Human rights and freedoms confirmed in the constitutions of Central and Eastern European countries make one of the most fundamental institutions of constitutional law. This master thesis analysis human rights and freedoms confirmed in the constitutions of Central and Eastern European countries as well as discloses in detail personal, political and social, economic and cultural rights according to the content of rights.