O termo sustentabilidade compreende uma abordagem vinculada à manutenção das condições favoráveis à sobrevivência humana no Planeta. Mesmo diante da repercussão do tema em todos os cenários, muitas questões ainda precisam ser melhor exploradas e discutidas, sobretudo no campo de assentamentos humanos. Embora documentos institucionais orientem para o desenvolvimento de assentamentos humanos sustentáveis, tem-se observado que as intervenções no ambiente físico destes, pouco têm incorporado das recomendações, seja pelo grau de abrangência e generalidade, seja pela carência de estudos sobre os padrões urbanos, do ambiente físico, que poderiam contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse contexto, a obra “Uma Linguagem de Padrões”, de Alexander e colaboradores, mostrou-se como uma relevante oportunidade de estudos, na medida em que os patterns identificados pelos autores apresentam-se como estratégias potencialmente capazes de contribuir para a sustentabilidade, embora a obra à época não esboçasse formulação teórica nesse sentido. Frente a isso, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi identificar padrões urbanos, na obra de Alexander, relacionados aos princípios de sustentabilidade, utilizando-se o método de pesquisa bibliográfica. A pesquisa dividiu-se em três etapas. Primeiramente, foram revisados os assuntos que compõem o tema de pesquisa: assentamentos humanos mais sustentáveis. Esta revisão permitiu, não só oferecer uma contextualização dos temas envolvidos, mas também delimitar a abordagem da pesquisa e definir os critérios utilizados para identificação dos padrões: as dimensões da sustentabilidade, as escalas urbanas e os princípios de sustentabilidade. Com o respaldo destas definições, passou-se à segunda etapa, onde foram estabelecidas as relações entre princípios da sustentabilidade e padrões urbanos, através da análise comparativa de afinidade entre eles. Por fim, a última etapa apresentou os resultados destas conexões teóricas bem como análises. Ao final desse processo, foi possível contribuir para a incipiente abordagem da sustentabilidade, apresentando um conjunto de 108 padrões urbanos distribuídos dentro dos nove princípios de sustentabilidade aplicados a assentamentos humanos, atuantes nas três escalas urbanas: escala do lugar, do bairro e do assentamento. Esse conjunto de padrões, ao estabelecerem vínculo com as questões da sustentabilidade, passa a oferecer estratégias de intervenções, como subsídios passíveis de aplicação em diferentes níveis do ambiente físico, propiciando que os assentamentos humanos se desenvolvam de maneira mais sustentável. / Sustainability is a term that comprises an approach linked to the maintenance of favorable conditions to humankind survival on the planet. Even after the spread of the theme to different domains, many questions still need to be more explored and discussed, specially in the human’s settlement field. Even though institutional documents argue for the development of more sustainable human settlements, it has been observed that interventions on physical environments have loosely embodied recommendations, either by the low level of specificity and high level of generalization or through the lack of studies about urban patterns in physical environments that could contribute to sustainable development. In this context, Alexander and his contributor’s book “A Pattern Language”, emerged as a relevant opportunity for studies, because of the fact that the patterns identified by the authors are strategies potentially capable to contribute to sustainability, even though at the time this book was published it didn’t outline theoretical formulation on this. Based on that, the main target of research is on identifying urban patterns related to sustainability principles in Alexander’s work, based on bibliographic research method. The present research was divided in 3 stages. Firstly, a review of research’s theme, more sustainable urban settlements, was made. This review allowed not only a better contextualization of related themes, but also outlined research’s approach and defined criteria that would be used after: sustainability dimensions, urban scales and sustainability principles. Based on these definitions, research went into its second stage, in which the relations between sustainability principles and urban patterns were established through comparative analyses of similarity between them. At the end, the last stage presents results of theoretical connections as well as analyses. As a result of this process, it was possible to contribute to the incipient approach of sustainability, presenting a set of 108 urban patterns arranged into the nine sustainability principles applied to urban settlements, which act on three urban scales: place, neighborhood and settlement. This set of patterns, while establishing links to issues related to sustainability, start to offer strategies of intervention, as foundations capable of being applied in different physical environment levels, allowing human’s settlements to develop in a more sustainable way.

Urban planning enables the quality of life of the population. The execution of a neighborhood when planned, allows sustainable community development. In view of this the present study aims to assess the implementation of sustainable development indicators for public housing settlements in Aracaju - SE, in order to promote sustainable development, case of 17 March Quarter. To meet the main objective had to be defined specific objectives: to assess the situation of the Neighborhood March 17 according to residents, to assess the sustainable development indicators IBGE that fall to the Neighborhood 17 March and indicate actions that provide improvements to public housing settlements. In order to respond to the issues raised, the defined implementation methodology was exploratory and descriptive research with the lifting of quantitative and qualitative data. The technical procedures were used: documentary and bibliographic research and questionnaires with residents of the settlement and employees of the Municipal Aracaju. The research was the first and second stage of the neighborhood delivered through June 2013, totaling 1,490 properties, of which 251 households were surveyed. The analysis and discussion of the data were performed after the same are tabulated and graphed later founded and analyzed for Sustainable Development Indicators IBGE. The characteristics of the building, common area, services, infrastructure, mobility, economic, social and health were evaluated and the results found show that, the urban planning, the neighborhood has no quality of life and some of the requirements were not met. Regarding indicators, the district does not have satisfactory situation, which demonstrates the need for action by City Hall for residents to have quality of life and sustainable development in the neighborhood occurs. / O planejamento urbano viabiliza a qualidade de vida da população. A execução de um bairro, quando planejado, permite o desenvolvimento sustentável da comunidade. Diante disto o presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar a aplicação dos indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável aos assentamentos habitacionais populares em Aracaju-SE, com o intuito de promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, caso do Bairro 17 de Março. Para atender ao objetivo central foi preciso definir como objetivos específicos: avaliar a situação do Bairro 17 de Março segundo os moradores, avaliar os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável do IBGE que se enquadram ao Bairro 17 de Março e indicar ações que proporcionem melhorias aos assentamentos habitacionais populares. Com o intuito de responder à problemática levantada, a metodologia de execução definida foi a pesquisa exploratória e descritiva com o levantamento de dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Os procedimentos técnicos utilizados foram: a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica e aplicação de questionários com os moradores do assentamento e com funcionários da Secretaria Municipal de Aracaju. O universo da pesquisa foi a primeira e segunda etapa do bairro entregue até junho de 2013, o que totaliza 1.490 imóveis, dos quais foram pesquisados 251 domicílios. A análise e a discussão dos dados foram realizadas, após os mesmos serem tabulados e transformados em gráficos, posteriormente fundamentadas e analisados quanto aos Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do IBGE. Foram avaliadas as características da edificação, da área comum, dos serviços, da infraestrutura, mobilidade, econômica, social e da saúde e o resultado encontrado demonstrou que, quanto ao planejamento urbano, o bairro não possui qualidade de vida e algumas das necessidades não foram atendidas. Em relação aos indicadores, o bairro não tem situação satisfatória, o que demonstra a necessidade de ações por parte da Prefeitura para que os moradores tenham qualidade de vida e ocorra o desenvolvimento sustentável no bairro.

Orientador: Emilia Pietrafesa de Godoi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T18:31:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barra_CamilaSobral_M.pdf: 8679036 bytes, checksum: 945f419f8ce0fc25d8f7433bbe105164 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O presente trabalho acompanha a trajetória de um acampamento sem-terra do MST originado em 2002 na região de Campinas, interior de São Paulo e revela as redes de relações constituídas neste espaço, as disputas, conflitos e as negociações, assim como sua interação com as populações locais e com as famílias dos acampados. As orientações prévias dos sujeitos e a intenção de conquistar uma nova condição de vida através do assentamento têm que ser negociadas com as diretrizes do movimento para que seja definido o formato do assentamento e as funções dos sujeitos nesse novo lugar social. A dinâmica das condições presentes no acampamento ¿ acampados e militantes ¿ mostra as dificuldades e inventividades dos sujeitos para permanecerem na ¿luta¿ a despeito da pouca infra-estrutura e dos conflitos e divergências de projetos que se apresentam / Abstract: This work follows the trajectory of a ¿MST¿ landless workers camp, initiated in 2002 at the Campinas country area, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. It describes the web of relationships built on the camp territory and shows the disputes, conflicts and negotiations which took place there. It also describes the interactions between squatters on the one hand and neighbors and relatives on the other. We conclude that the previous orientations of the subjects and their intention to improve their life condition must be negotiated with the movement's leadership so as to decide on the definitive shape of the settlement and on the subject's functions on this new social place. The dynamics of the squatters and cadres conditions at the settlement shows the subject¿s difficulties as well as their inventiveness when trying to stay in the ¿struggle¿ in spite not only of the lack of basic services, but also in face of conflicts and divergences between projects of different actors present there / Mestrado / Mestre em Antropologia Social

Esta tese propõe um método que auxiliará o prognóstico de custos de urbanização para a implantação de conjuntos habitacionais horizontais, considerando-se que cada item que compõe estes custos pode ser colocado em função de indicadores quantitativos que, por sua vez, variam em função da influência de alguns fatores físicos relacionados à gleba ou às opções de projeto. O método foi desenvolvido baseado tanto em uma abordagem teórica (usando conhecimentos advindos dos estudos bibliográficos e das entrevistas com especialistas) quanto em estudo de casos (51 conjuntos habitacionais foram estudados e proveram os bancos de dados analisados). Neste texto, inicialmente, descreve-se a metodologia de pesquisa e os principais conceitos para a compreensão do tema. Em seguida, expõem-se as partes que compõem a urbanização de conjuntos habitacionais que foram analisadas e os indicadores propostos para as avaliarem. As principais características da gleba e dos projetos que influenciam cada indicador são, então, discutidas. Por fim, a validação do método proposto é apresentada. Vários apêndices foram elaborados com informações sobre: os itens da urbanização abordados na pesquisa; os indicadores propostos; e outros métodos que auxiliam o prognóstico de custos descritos na bibliografia. Os resultados do método proposto serão bastante úteis ao definirem relações entre diretrizes de projeto e seus custos. Assim, eles subsidiarão encontrar meios/diretrizes para reduzir custos e, por outro lado, permitirão prognosticar os custos gerados pelas diretrizes que se deve atender. / This thesis develops a method that will help to forecast urbanization costs for horizontal inhabitation human settlements. It considers that each part of a settlement that means costs can be evaluated in terms of quantitative indicators. Moreover, for such indicators, it is considered to be possible to understand the effect of terrain and design options features on them. The method was developed based both on a theoretical approach (using knowledge coming from literature and interviews of specialists) as on case studies (51 Human settlements were studied and provided the basis to collect data to be processed and analyzed). The paper firstly describes the research methodology and the main concepts related to the subject. Then it describes the human settlements urbanization parts and the indicators that evaluated each of them. The main settlements features influencing each indicator are discussed. Method validation is the focus at the end of the text. Several appendixes are provided with information about: the human settlement parts and design; the adopted indicators; other cost forecast methods described in the literature. The information provided by the method will be helpful in terms of defining the relationship between design directives and costs. Then, it will help to find ways to reduce costs; on the other hand, it also allows forecasting costs related to a group of directives that one have to attend.

Despite consumption and retailing having grown to form a meta-narrative in historical enquiry, the village shop has largely escaped attention. Remarkably little is known about the long-term development of rural services, particularly shops, which are often ignored as marginal and undynamic. Moreover, whilst their recent decline has highlighted their perceived importance to the vitality of village life, the extent to which this is based on a romanticised or historically myopic image is unclear. This thesis seeks to rectify this lacuna by critically assessing the real and imagined role of the shop and shopkeeper within village life during the nineteenth century, in terms of supplying goods and services, integrating and representing community as a place and a network of people, and projecting images of the rural into the wider national consciousness. It adopts an innovative interdisciplinary approach and offers an integrated analysis of a wide range of visual, literary and historical sources: from paintings and serialised stories to account books and trade directories. Central to the argument is a sustained interrogation of the shifting historic construction of the village shop and its keeper, from exploitative and anti-rural to the epitome of a nostalgic and sentimentalised view of England’s rural communities. This is compared to the lived experience, as established from the historical record, quantitative analysis conducted at both village and county level. This synthetic approach has required the amalgamation of multiple perspectives: writer and artist; reader and consumer; observer and participant; patron and critic; shopkeeper, customer and villager. The thesis inputs into debates relating to the commercial history and cultural understanding of rural communities, the findings broadening our understanding of the history of rural retailers and the communities they served, shedding light on rural consumption and how changing attitudes to retailing, rural communities and the countryside were developing. It also contributes to other key areas of research including the notion of community (places and networks) and cultural representations of people, place, space and everyday life.

M.Phil. (Industrial Psychology) / The aim of the study was to explore the managing of employee performance in the Department of Human Settlements (DHS). The study was necessitated by increasing dissatisfaction by the public in general regarding the performance of the DHS. A qualitative study was undertaken and four participants were interviewed. This study was particularly important because the performance of government departments in South Africa continues to fall under scrutiny as pressure for service delivery mounts. Recent studies indicate that public sector performance is a critical issue for governments around the world (Kealesitse, O’Mahony, Lloyd-Walker, Polonsky, 2013) and that an efficient public service in most cases enhances or improves the social conditions of the citizens. Hope (2012) acknowledges that citizens hold high expectations for their government to continuously provide quality and timeous services. Interviews were conducted with respondents at management level. The study established that while problems regarding the performance management of employees are experienced in the DHS, this has not reached a crisis stage. These problems occur due to subjectivity of the role players, vague performance standards in performance contracts, prioritisation of compliance with submission of performance contracts rather than managing the whole process diligently, lack of training of performance moderating committees, and lack of adequate management of poor performance. The researcher has offered recommendations for the management of subjectivity, the content of performance work plans, the referral to the incapacity code, and procedure for addressing poor performance as well as other areas that could enhance the management of poor performance in the DHS.

Development is an idea, an objective and an activity (Kothari and Minogue, 2002). Development emerged as an idea that nations had to adopt in their journey through post-war history. Development is seen as an ambiguous concept (Allen and Thomas, 1992: 23). In other words, it is defined in many ways to suit different purposes. Furthermore, over the long term development implies increased living standards, improved health and well being for all, and the achievement of whatever is regarded as a general good for society at large (Allen and Thomas, 1992: 23). Therefore, from the above development appears as a “one size fits all” concept, because it is an attempt to address the problems in society. Furthermore, development has been defined as a participatory, people-centred process intended to reduce the incidence of poverty and achieve better livelihoods for all (Kingsbury, McKay, and Hunt, 2004: 43). The definition of development as participatory and people-centred is the most applicable for the purposes of this study. Participation has been widely used in the development discourse. Within the development sphere, participation has been associated with the community sector (Gaventa and Valderrama, 1999:2). The definition of participation in development has been located in development projects and programmes (i.e. sustainable human settlements for our study purposes), as a means of strengthening their relevance, quality and sustainability (Gaventa and Valderrama, 1999:2). Strengthening of participation in local governance has to do with the strengthening of directcitizen involvement in decision-making by individuals or groups in public activities, oftenthrough newly established institutional channels, such as monitoring committees, planning processes, etc (Gaventa and Valderrama, 1999:8-9). Hence, participation could be seen as involvement in decision-making in all phases of a project (Gaventa and Valderrama, 1999:2). Citizen participation is about power and its exercise by different social actors in the spacescreated for the interaction between citizens and local authorities. However, the control of thestructure and processes for participation - defining spaces, actors, agendas, procedures - is usuallyin the hands governmental institutions and can become a barrier for effective involvement ofcitizens (Gaventa and Valderrama, 1999:7). The above discussion has been an attempt to show what participatory development or participation in a development process is all about. This has been done through briefly defining and discussing development and participation and also showing the relationship between the two concepts. Now the discussion will focus on enlightening the reader about sustainable human settlements – the main issue of this study. The decision to do research in this area came after the realization that there is still a shortage of houses in the Eastern Cape, and when the government does deliver these houses in a particular area people still have complaints regarding the new houses delivered to them. Then a question that came to mind was whether people are consulted or not before these houses are constructed during the planning stages so that they can give their own views or ideas on houses. Overall the reason for choosing this topic was to look at people’s participation on the development of houses. It is evident in the Provincial Medium Term Sustainable Human Settlement Research Agenda that community participation is lacking in the housing delivery process of the Eastern Cape (Province of the Eastern Cape Human Settlement,2011:9).

Orientador: Rubem Murilo Leão Rego / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T19:13:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Botelho_MariaAuxiliadoraLeite_D.pdf: 4635085 bytes, checksum: 302af6aa0bff277eb2126972c05e87ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O estudo analisa a ação política dos grupos subalternos no campo, tendo como objetivo apreender a dinâmica das relações que se estabelecem nos assentamentos rurais, seus limites e contradições, e desvendar a direção social e política de suas ações. O foco da investigação recai no protagonismo dos grupos subalternos, tomando como referência elementos conceituais da teoria gramsciana. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida junto aos assentamentos rurais de Rosana, no Pontal do Paranapanema (SP), no período de 2002-2004, mediante abordagem predominantemente qualitativa e teve como eixos condutores da análise: a) a organização dos assentamentos e as práticas associativas; b) o exercício da representação e da participação dos assentados em âmbito local; c) as alianças fIrmadas com outros grupos e instituições; d) o projeto político dos assentados. Os procedimentos adotados incluem o levantamento bibliográfIco, entrevistas semi¬estruturadas com assentados, dirigentes, técnicos, formadores de opinião e políticos locais, complementadas pela observação e pela análise documental. Os resultados mostram que os assentamentos constituem espaço de socialização e favorecem a ação política dos assentados, que se tomam agentes de um protagonismo permeado por tensões e conflitos, orientados pela defesa de objetivos imediatos, nos limites da hegemonia dominante. Nas lutas empreendidas, ressalta-se o conteúdo questionador das relações de dominação e seus rebatimentos no processo de democratização das relações sociais no campo / Abstract: The present study analyses the political action of subordinate groups in the countryside. The objective is to apprehend the dynamics of the relations established in the rural settlements, as well as, the limits and the contradictions in such relations. Besides, this study intends to unveil the social trend and the politics oftheir actions. Such investigation focus on the protagonism of subordinate groups, having as reference the concepiual elements of Gramscian theory. The research was developed in the rural settlements of Rosana, in the Pontal de Paranapanema (S P), :lTom 2002 to 2004, using a predominantly qualitative approach. The central topics that were considered in this analysis are the following: a) the people organization in the settlements and the associative practices; b} the representation use and the participation of settled people in the local ambit; c) the alliances they make with other groups and institutions, d) the political project of the settled people. The adopted procedures inc1ude: bibliographical research, semi-structured interviews with settled people, leaders, technicians, local politicians and formers of opinion; along with observation and document analysis. The results show that the settlements constitute a socializing place, and favor the political action of settled people, who beco me agents of a protagonism that undergoe~ pressures and conflicts. Besides, they are oriented by the accomplishment of immediate objectives within the limits of the dominant hegemony. In the struggles undertaken, the dominance relations are called into question, and the their objections into the democratization process of social relations in the countryside, are also emphasized. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017. / South African Government departments, through the relevant executing authority, are required to develop strategic plans in terms of the Public Service Amendment Act (2008, Act No. 30 of 2007) and Public Finance Management Amendment Act (2003 Act No. 29 of 1999) through Public Service Regulations. Public service departments are also required to table a strategic plan with a five-year planning horizon, Annual Performance Plan including two-year forward projections in line with the Medium Term Strategic Framework (MTSF) and Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) period, with annual and quarterly performance targets. This study was undertaken to investigate the implementation of the strategic plan in the National Department of Human Settlements and it followed a qualitative research methodology. The study also seeks to determine the alignment of the strategic plan and the medium term strategic plan, evaluate the causes of the disconnect between the strategy and its implementation, identify systems of facilitating the implementation of the strategic plan and explore challenges in the implementation of the strategic plan in the Department. For the researcher to reach a conclusion around the implementation of the strategic plan at the National Department of Human Settlements, information was gathered through a literature review, interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. The findings reveal that there is a disjuncture in the understanding of the link between MTSF and the strategic plan between middle and senior management as there is poor understanding of the link and purpose of aligning these documents. It also reveals that there is a disconnect between the strategic plan and its implementation caused by deviation from the implementation of the strategic plan by branches and non-consideration of outstanding targets when formulating the coming year’s plan. It also reveals that the systems for facilitating the implementation the strategic plan are ineffective due to the fact that there are no documented standard operating procedures that the Department follows when facilitating strategic plan implementation. Having identified the challenges in strategic plan implementation, it is vital for the National Department of Human Settlements to ensure that the systems for facilitating the implementation of the strategic plan are developed and implemented, and also that it develop a strategy for alleviating the challenges in strategic plan implementation.

Thi s study aims to assess the implementation of the National Development P lan (NDP) and the impact it has had on the provision of human settlements in Gauteng. Th is dissertation has used qualitative research methodology. This nuanced approach has enabled an e laborate exploration and understanding of the NDP as a policy strategy and provided the tools to measure its impact on the provision of human settlements in Gauteng. For this research, the participants were selected purposively based on their expertise in the field of human settlements. The researcher conducted in depth interviews with 15 senior policymakers in the Gauteng Department of Human Settlements and South Africa’s National Department of Human Settlements and collect ed data on human settlements, wh ich fed, into the findings and recommendations of the dissertation This study has argued that housing policies in South Africa have evolved since 1994, moving away from redress and distribution to an approach of creating sustainable integrated human settl ements. It has also assessed how the Gauteng Department of Human Settlements set out to generate inclusive and integrated settlements through the creation of “new towns”. The building of these “new towns” is in line with the provincial government’s mandate of delivering integrated human settlements in the province. South Africa’s Department of Human Settlements and the Gauteng provincial government introduced the Megaprojects in 2014 as a R100billion economic corridor investment, which aims to provide 800 0 00 housing opportunities across five corridors in Gauteng. Despite these initiatives, the provincial Department continues to face several constraints such as population growth, migration, unavailability of land, housing backlogs, a high rate of informal settlements, corruption, poor implementation of policies, and a lack of economic growth and budgetary constraints. The dissertation’s findings suggest that t hese challenges need to be tackled at the policy level the Department of Human Settlements must pr ioritise implementation, good governance and promote greater professionalism within the housing sector in order to achieve these targets . The study further found that p olicymakers must also view housing as a specialised field that requires extensive consul tation and implementation plans that are carefully tailored to address any challenge s that the Department of Human Settlements could potentially encounter during the implementation phase . Only with these changes, can these targets be met. / Public Administration and Management / M. Admin. (Public Administration)