Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This dissertation examines the development of Holocaust education in South Africa, specifically in the period of political transition to democracy and the two decades after apartheid. The history of placing the Holocaust in post-apartheid South Africa shows the dynamics and tensions of identity construction by the state, communities and individuals as the country emerged from a history of violent conflict. Holocaust education was claimed by the newly democratic state as a vehicle of reconciliation. Using archival material, interviews and secondary sources, I examine how a minority community’s project of building a permanent Holocaust centre, came to be considered as part of a national project of reconciliation. I consider the impact of this framing of Holocaust education and the tensions that arose as the Cape Town Holocaust Centre’s founders attempted to define and contain, the place of apartheid in Holocaust memory. Holocaust education shaped the development of post-apartheid identities. It contributed to a collective memory of apartheid by suggesting a particular collective memory of the Holocaust. The Cape Town Holocaust Centre provided the South African Jewish community with a legitimate identity in post-apartheid South Africa and a way to bypass an examination of the implications of having benefited from apartheid. I examine the tensions and contradictions within this construction of the collective memory of the Holocaust and apartheid, and consider the implications for the process of justice, memory and history in South Africa as it emerged from apartheid.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é discutir o papel e lugar da Antropologia pragmática no projeto crítico, com o intuito de investigar os elementos que possibilitam à Kant determinar ainda na Crítica da razão pura a destinação moral da razão, a partir dos quais se torna compreensível a noção de aprimoramento moral dos homens. Para tanto, abordaremos de início o famoso tópico do despertar do sono dogmático segundo sua dupla inscrição, isto é, a respeito da recepção kantiana das obras de David Hume como indicado nos Prolegômenos e de Jean-Jacques Rousseau como encontrado numa anotação de próprio punho no original kantiano das Observações sobre o sentimento do Belo e do Sublime , à luz da nova atitude crítica inaugurada com a Revolução na maneira de pensar, tal como tematizada no Segundo prefácio da CRP. Em seguida, analisaremos dois opúsculos críticos História Universal e Conjetura que, ao lançarem as fundações para um novo acesso aos dados da História, permitem uma legitimação tanto da jornada moral humana quanto dos seus produtos naturalmente engendrados, a Cultura. Por fim, examinaremos a primeira parte da Antropologia pragmática a Didática com vistas a mostrar como os tópicos de urbanidade e civilização próprios à investigação de cunho pragmático respaldam a noção de aprimoramento moral dos homens fiadora da destinação moral da razão. / This research presents a discussion about the role and place of the Pragmatic Anthropology in the critical project in order to examine the elements which enable Kant to determine even in the Critique of Pure Reason the moral destination of reason which makes men\'s moral improvement comprehensible. To this aim, we look into the famous topic awakening of dogmatic slumber according to its dual registration, which means the Kantian reception of David Hume works as indicated in the Prolegomena and of Jean-Jacques Rousseau works as found in an handwritten note at the Kant`s original Observations on the feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime , and both in the light of the new critical attitude introduced by the Revolution in the way of thinking, as thematized in the Second preface of the Critique of Pure Reason. Then, we analyze two critic opuscules World History and Conjecture that allow an authentication of both the moral journey of the humanity and their products naturally created, the Culture, by launching the foundations for a new approach to the data of the History. Finally, we examine the first part of the Pragmatic Anthropology the Anthropological Didactic in order to present how the urbanity and civilization topics, innate to the pragmatic research, support the notion of mens moral improvement which is guarantee of the reasons moral destination.

陳孝龍. / Thesis submitted in: December 2009. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-57). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Chen Xiaolong. / 摘要 --- p.i / 目錄 --- p.iii / 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 槪念分析-性、分、性分 --- p.2 / Chapter (一） --- 性 --- p.2 / Chapter (二） --- 分 --- p.8 / Chapter (三） --- 性分 --- p.14 / Chapter 二、 --- 性分的理論意含 --- p.19 / Chapter (一） --- 自生、自然、獨化 --- p.19 / Chapter (二） --- 適性逍遙 --- p.29 / Chapter (三） --- 率性無爲 --- p.34 / Chapter 三、 --- 性分與變化 --- p.37 / Chapter (一） --- 性分可否被改變？ --- p.37 / Chapter (二） --- 性分是否會變化？ --- p.43 / Chapter (三） --- 性分不變論與事物變化是否矛盾？ --- p.49 / 結論 --- p.52 / 參考資料 --- p.53

Poderia o episódio da ocupação de Pilos, narrado no Livro IV da História da Guerra do Peloponeso, de Tucídides, constituir-se em uma peripécia ateniense? Asserção provocativa, que supõe sobre as categorias míticas, presentes na referida passagem, o entendimento da obra tucidideana por ditames artísticos, assim denominados, por Francis M. Cornford, mithistóricos. Interpretado, pelo autor, como fruto de uma teoria trágica da natureza humana supostamente apropriada de Ésquilo - o encadeamento de Týche, Áte, Apáte, Elpís e Hýbris, figuraria o início da ruína política de Atenas, onde Tucídides, propondo-se a descrever objetivamente os eventos da guerra, acaba por se aproximar do drama. Mas, como admiti-lo se, em seu prólogo, Tucídides declara a exclusão do fabuloso ( ) de sua escrita? Em que sentido mythôdes pode ser apreendido como o mthos, propriamente dito? Na memorização das ações humanas, a história tucidideana se volta, então, para a fragilidade dessa humanidade, revelando a face de sua própria tragicidade. / Could one consider the Pilos episode narrated in the Book IV of Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War, an Athenian reversal (peripéteia)? An assumption, whose provocative tone, would imply to the mythical categories in the episode the artistic moulding of Thucydides narrative. The mythistorical passages of the work, as interpreted by Francis M. Cornford are, therefore, a consequence of the tragic theory of human nature, which Thucydides would have taken from Aeschylus, and where Tyche, Ate, Apathe, Elpis and Hybris would represent the beginning of Athens political doom. Thucydides writing style, intentionally an objective journal of the war, ended up being similar to the dramatic one. But how could one accept this possibility, if in Thucydides Prologue he states the absolute exclusion of the fabulous ( ) from his narrative? In which sense can the concept of mythôdes be taken as the one of mthos. In the memorization of the human actions Thucydides history turns to the fragility of this humanity, revealing the face of its own tragic condition.

Understanding the psychology behind the perpetrators of the Holocaust has been difficult because experiments on conformity and obedience cannot readily simulate the reality of the Holocaust. There exists historical documentation surrounding the leaders of the Nazi organization instrumental for the perpetration of the Holocaust, but the underlying motives of Hitler's leaders relating to governmental policies of systematic extermination of the Jews in Europe, are not known, as the strategy and operationalization of the actions were kept extremely secret, disguised by euphemisms, or only discussed verbally. This research study was to further understand the thought processes behind the manipulation tactics applied by leaders of the Nazi organization, and the leaders of Britain, America, and the Soviet Union during the Holocaust, by reviewing their personal writings, communiques, and orders. The theoretical base used was the theory of groupthink by Janis, because it is most applicable to understanding complex human psychology. The research questions of the study were: a) to find the origins of the Final Solution, why it gained acceptance by the Nazis, and the role of anti-Semitism ; and b) to identify groupthink symptom language relating to German, British, American, and Soviet leaders during the Holocaust. A qualitative multiple retro-historical case study methodology was selected. Data were collected and analyzed from archival material and groupthink theory was found to be ideally suited to the study of the Holocaust. Translation of a period of Alfred Rosenberg's diary relating to Hitler's issuance of the 'Hitler Extermination Order,' was discovered. The results show areas for further research, including the translation into English of the Alfred Rosenberg diary that was lost to history for over 60 years. The findings of this research study will hopefully help organizational psychologists to better remedy groupthink practices.

Magister Legum - LLM / Piracy attacks off the coast of the Horn of Africa have been on the rise in the recent years. According to a report by Ocean without Borders, although no vessels were hijacked by pirates off the coast of Somalia in 2017, 8 seafarers who were captured in 2016 were still being held in captivity. So far, 545 seafarers have been subjected to piracy attacks.1 The west coast of Africa has also experienced its fair share of piracy attacks. There has been an increase in piracy attacks off the coast of West Africa, two thirds of these attacks occurred off the coast of Nigeria.2The law governing maritime piracy is founded in the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UNCLOS).3Article 101 of the Convention defines piracy as; (a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed: i. on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft; ii. against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State; (b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft; (c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b). In addition to the UNCLOS, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful acts of Violence against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (herein after referred to as SUA Convention) also criminalises acts related to maritime piracy but which hinder the safe navigation of ships.4 The determining factor for crimes under the SUA Convention is whether the offence is a threat to the safe navigation or is likely to endanger the safe navigation of ships.5 The SUA Convention, however, differs from the UNCLOS in several aspects. First, the Convention does not require that the offence be committed for private ends. Second, the two ships requirement under Article 101 (a) of the UNCLOS is not applicable in the SUA Convention. The offences created in Article 3 of the SUA Convention imply that they may be committed by a perpetrator who is in the same ship with the victim. The SUA Convention does not provide for application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, a State can only exercise jurisdiction over the crimes if it is a party to it.6 Both the SUA Convention7 and the UNCLOS8 provide that the offence must be committed outside a State’s territorial waters. Article 4 of the SUA Convention however further limits the application of the Convention. The Convention does not apply to instances where the ship was not scheduled to navigate out of the territorial waters of the State. This limitation is not applicable under the UNCLOS.

La responsabilité de protéger est une notion que l’on associe souvent à l’ingérence, entendue comme le recours à la force contre la souveraineté d’un État. En réalité, la responsabilité de protéger se divise en trois volets distincts : la responsabilité de prévenir, de réagir et de reconstruire. Si la plupart des études portent sur le volet réactif de la responsabilité de protéger, il s’agit ici d’examiner la notion sous son angle préventif. Construite à partir du rapport de la Commission internationale de l'intervention et de la souveraineté des États et du document final du sommet mondial de 2005, la responsabilité de prévenir propose un modèle de prévention des crimes de masse. Celui-ci repose sur un dispositif spécifique au sein duquel des acteurs sont en charge de la prévention, et agissent selon un mécanisme identifié. Ce modèle formel qu’offre la responsabilité de prévenir permet de l’envisager comme un véritable outil d’un droit international de la prévention. L’examen du bilan de la responsabilité de prévenir met en lumière des réussites patentes ainsi que des succès plus discrets. Plus encore qu’un résultat visible dans les faits, la responsabilité de prévenir est un réel adjuvant au droit existant. Elle offre une voie supplémentaire pour prévenir et vient renforcer l’obligation de prévenir le génocide, telle qu’elle apparaît dans la Convention pour la prévention et la répression du crime de génocide de 1948 / The responsibility to protect is a concept that is often associated with intervention, understood as the use of force against the State sovereignty. In reality, the responsibility to protect is divided into three distinct components: the responsibility to prevent, react and rebuild. While most studies focus on the reactive element of the responsibility to protect, this study will focus on the preventing aspect of this concept. Built on the report of the International commission on intervention and state sovereignty and the 2005 World summit outcome, the responsibility to prevent proposes a model for the prevention of mass crimes. This is based on a specific process within which operators are in charge of prevention, and act according to an identified mechanism. This formal model of the responsibility to prevent makes it possible to foresee it as a true tool of an international law of prevention. A review of the assessment of the responsibility to prevent highlights both the apparent successes and also the more discreet achievements. Even more than a visible factual result, the responsibility to prevent is a real addition to the existing law. It provides a complementary approach to prevent and reinforce the obligation to prevent genocide, as it appears in the 1948 Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide

<p>This study entails a constructive contribution towards a contemporary reinterpretation, within the Akan context, of the classic Christian notion of Christ&rsquo / s person and work as Mediator between God and humanity. Specifically, I endeavour to reinterpret aspects of the Christian confession of faith as formulated by the Council of Chalcedon (451) that, Jesus Christ is &ldquo / truly God&rdquo / (vere Deus) as well as &ldquo / truly human&rdquo / (vere homo). I build on the notion that the relationship between these two claims may also be understood in terms of the one &ldquo / person&rdquo / and the two &ldquo / natures&rdquo / of Jesus Christ. The work of Christ is reinterpreted from this perspective. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part, which covers the first four chapters, entail reviews of some of the dominant African Christologies &ndash / with particular reference to divine conqueror and ancestor Christologies. In these chapters, the adequacy of the mentioned Christologies is assessed with reference to the Nicene/Chalcedonian confessional definition concerning the person of Christ. The conclusion reached is that these Christologies do not adequately express the person of Christ as truly divine as well as truly human as defined by the first four ecumenical councils. As a result, these Christologies also express the work of Christ, particularly his atonement in a less adequate way.</p>

This thesis chronicles my experiences with developing a panelized wall system for use by Habitat for Humanity and with testing that system in the design and construction of a house. Presented as a series of narratives, it follows the progress of the project from August 2003 to December 2005. Described is my motivation to test my theories through design and construction, the applicability of prefabrication to Habitat for Humanity’s use of unskilled volunteer labour, the incorporation of panelization into the design of a house for the Waterloo Region affiliate of Habitat for Humanity, the prefabrication of preclad wood framed wall panels for this house by students at the University of Waterloo School of Architecture, the erection of these wall panels on-site, and the completion of the house to a weathertight state. The thesis concludes with discussions of the understanding I gained through my experiences, the necessity for further development and testing of the panelized wall system, and the future use of prefabrication by Habitat for Humanity.

This thesis chronicles my experiences with developing a panelized wall system for use by Habitat for Humanity and with testing that system in the design and construction of a house. Presented as a series of narratives, it follows the progress of the project from August 2003 to December 2005. Described is my motivation to test my theories through design and construction, the applicability of prefabrication to Habitat for Humanity’s use of unskilled volunteer labour, the incorporation of panelization into the design of a house for the Waterloo Region affiliate of Habitat for Humanity, the prefabrication of preclad wood framed wall panels for this house by students at the University of Waterloo School of Architecture, the erection of these wall panels on-site, and the completion of the house to a weathertight state. The thesis concludes with discussions of the understanding I gained through my experiences, the necessity for further development and testing of the panelized wall system, and the future use of prefabrication by Habitat for Humanity.