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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Clonagem e expressão heterologa dos genes responsaveis pela sintese de polihidroxibutirato em Bradyrhizobium elkanii / Cloning and heterologous expression of genes responsible for synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrato em Bradyrhizobium elkanii

Paganelli, Fernanda Laroza 12 October 2009 (has links)
Orientadores: Wanderley Dias da Silveira, Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T00:23:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paganelli_FernandaLaroza_M.pdf: 1101767 bytes, checksum: e8882c8b6ec40ea617dd997584b239c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs) são polímeros de hidroxialcarioatos produzidos, e acumulados, intracelularmente, como fonte de carbono e/ou outros materiais energéticos, em vários microorganismos. Freqüentemente, o acúmulo dos PHAs ocorrem em condições abaixo do limite nutricional de elementos como N, P, S, O ou Mg e excesso de carbono, podendo representar até 80% da massa seca total da célula. Mais de 300 diferentes microorganismos podem sintetizar e acumular PHAs. O polihidroxibutirato (PHB) é o mais conhecido dentre os polímeros bacterianos biodegradáveis denominados polihidroxialcanoatos. Por ter propriedades semelhantes ao polipropileno, o PHB pode ser usado na fabricação do plástico biodegradável. Além da busca por maior produção de tal polímero, pouco é conhecido sobre seu papel biológico, em especial nos rizóbios. Estudos revelaram que há variação na capacidade da produção e acúmulo de PHB nessas bactérias quando em simbiose, dependendo da espécie em questão e das condições de cultivo das mesmas, observando-se bactérias incapazes de acumular PHB quando bacterióides, como é o caso do Rhizobium meliloti, ou capazes de produzir e acumular PHB, nessas condições, como é o caso de Rhizobium etli, Bradyrhizobium japonicum e Bradyrhizobium elkanii. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo a identificação dos genes responsáveis pela síntese de PHB em Bradyrhizobium elkanii, clonagem e expressão dos mesmos em Escherichia coli, uma vez que esta bactéria é bem conhecida como ferramenta molecular e se multiplica rapidamente, podendo atingir uma alta produção do polímero esperado, em um curto período de tempo. Além disso, objetivou-se, também, aumentar a produção de PHB em B. elkanii através de mutações aleatórias (através da inserção do transposon TnphoA), já que esta é uma bactéria naturalmente produtora de PHB. Para isso, os genes phbA, phbB e phbC foram isolados através da técnica de PCR, amplificando-se os genes inteiros. Estes foram clonados em vetores de expressão tipo pET (NOVAGEN), sendo os genes phbA e phbB clonados em "operon " em um mesmo vetor e o gene phbC clonado separadamente. A expressão dos genes foi analisada, bem como sua capacidade de produzir PHB. Os mutantes de B. eíkanii obtidos através da inserção do transposon TnphoA foram analisados com o uso do corante Sudan Black, procurando-se selecionar linhagens maiores produtoras de PHB. A produção dos mutantes selecionados foi, posteriormente, analisada por cromatografia gasosa. Observou-se que a linhagem de E.coli com os três genes clonados teve a capacidade de produzir PHB, porém com baixa eficiência. Já os mutantes aleatórios de B. elkanii apresentação diferentes acúmulos em relação ao selvagem, com destaque para o MUT33 que teve 72% da sua massa seca acumulada na forma de PHB, enquanto o selvagem acumulou 51 % de PHB, nas mesmas condições. / Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polymers of hydroxyalkanoate acids, produced and accumulated intracellularly as a source of carbon and energy storage material, in prokaryotic cells. Often, the PHAs accumulation occurs in conditions when the carbon source is in excess but one or several other nutrients are limited, and may represent up to 80% of the cell dry weight. More than 300 different microorganisms can synthesize and accumulate PHAs. The polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most studied polymer among the bacterial biodegradable polymers (PHAs). By having properties similar to polypropylene, PHB can be used in the manufacture of biodegradable plastic. On the search for greater production of such polymer, little is known about its biological role, especially in the genus Rhizobium. Studies have shown that there is a variation in the PHB capacity production and accumulation when these bacteria are in symbiosis. Depending on the species and cultivation conditions it has been observed either incapacity of PHB production and accumulation, when Bacteroides, as Rhizobium meliloti; or capacity and accumulation of PHB under bacteroides fase, as Rhizobium etli, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium elkanii. Therefore, the present work aimed the identification, cloning and expression, in Escherichia coli, of responsible genes for PHB synthesis in Bradyrhizobium elkanii. Moreover, it was also expected to increase the production of PHB in B. elkanii, through random mutations (insertion of the TnphoA transposon), since B. elkanii is a good natural producer of PHB. For this, the entier phbA, phbB and phbC genes were isolated by PCR. Those genes were cloned in expression vectors such pET (NOVAGEN), where phbA and phbB genes were cloned in operon, in a single vector, whereas phbC gene was cloned separately, in another vector. The expression of those genes was analyzed, as well as its ability to produce PHB. Mutants B. elkanii, obtained by insertion of the TnphoA transposon, were analyzed using the dye Sudan Black, in order to select different strains that might produce higher quantities of PHB. The production of PHB by mutants was then analyzed by gas chromatography. It was observed that the E. coli with the three cloned genes had the ability to produce PHB, but with low efficiency. The B. elkanii random mutants show different accumulation compared to the wild, especially MUT33 that had 72% of its dry mass accumulated in the form of PHB, while the wild 51% of accumulated PHB under the same conditions. / Mestrado / Microbiologia / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
42

Estudo da blenda poli(3-hidroxibutirato) / poli(etileno glicol). / Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) / poly(ethylene oxide) blend study.

Gustavo Russo Blazek 16 December 2011 (has links)
Esse projeto visa a melhoria das propriedades mecânicas e de processabilidade do Poli(3-hidroxibutirato) (PHB) para futuras aplicações. Foram preparados filmes de blendas de PHB por dissolução em clorofórmio. Poli(etileno glicol), com massa molar de 300 (PEG) ou 4.000.000 g mol-1 (PEO), foi misturado em proporções de 5 a 30 % em massa e análises termogravimétricas (TG), de calorimetria diferencial exploratória (DSC) e ensaios dinâmico-mecânicos (DMTA) foram realizadas para avaliar a miscibilidade da blenda. Foram também analisados filmes recém-preparados e filmes envelhecidos, para avaliar o avanço da cristalização e consequente alteração das propriedades dos filmes com o passar do tempo. Para isso foram feitas comparações visuais de imagens microscópicas da morfologia das blendas, obtidas através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As blendas foram analisadas quanto ao grau de cristalinidade através de análise calorimétrica (DSC) e de difratometria de raio-X. As curvas de DSC mostram uma redução da Tm do PHB com a adição de PEG e PEO, o que indica uma forte interação entre os polímeros. As análises de TG mostram uma etapa principal de degradação, evidenciando a miscibilidade entre os polímeros. A TG também mostra uma sensível redução na temperatura de degradação do PHB para concentrações acima de 10 % em PEG, o que é indesejável. Através do MEV nota-se que existe também uma segregação de fases que aumenta com o tempo de estocagem do material, levando à recristalização do PHB e sua consequente fragilização. A difração de raios-X nos mostra que a adição de PEG e PEO ao PHB traz uma redução considerável para a cristalinidade do sistema, e que o aumento de 5 % para 30 % no teor de PEG é responsável por apenas uma pequena redução na cristalinidade, mas uma considerável redução na recristalização sofrida pela blenda com o tempo de estocagem. As análises de DMTA mostram que as blendas possuem módulo de armazenamento similar ao de polímeros flexíveis, evidenciando uma efetiva tenacificação do PHB. Amostras utilizando PEO apresentam maior rigidez do que as amostras contendo PEG. / This project aims the enhancement of both processability and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) for future applications. Films of blends of PHB and poly(ethylene oxide) were prepared by chloroform solution casting and evaporation. Poly(ethylene oxide) having molar mass of 4,000,000 (PEO) or 300 g.mol-1 (PEG) was blended in proportion of 5 to 30 wt %, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic-Mechanic Analysis (DMTA) were performed in order to evaluate the miscibility of the blends. As-cast and aged films were also compared in order to analyze the crystallization progress and the consequent changes in the blends properties due to the aging process. For this, visual comparison was drawn between microscopy pictures obtained through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The blends have their crystallinity degree determined by analyzing their X-ray diffraction curves. The DSC curves show a reduction at the PHBs Tm as the mass percentage of PEG increases, indicating a strong interaction in between the polymers. The TG and DTG analyses reveal a single main degradation step, what denotes miscibility in between the polymers. The TG also shows a considerable reduction of the PHBs degrading temperature for PEG concentrations over 10 %, which is undesirable. Through SEM one can note a phase segregation that increases with storaging time, leading to further crystallization of PHB and its subsequent enbrittlement. The X-ray diffraction curves show that the PEG and PEO bring a considerable crystallinity reduction to the system, and that the increasing of PEG content from 5 to 30% has only a minor effect per se, though also a considerable reduction of the perfection undergone by the system with storage time. The DMTA shows that the blends have a storage modulus similar to the one of flexible polimers, hence showing an effective PHB toughening. Samples containing PEO are more rigid than those containing PEG.
43

Avaliação do efeito pró-oxidante no PP, em blendas com PHB, visando a biodegradação / Evanluation of the effect of pro-degrading addtives in PP, blended with PHB aiming at biodegradation

Santos, Paulo Aparecido dos, 1958- 19 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Marco-Aurelio De Paoli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T12:36:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_PauloAparecidodos_D.pdf: 4409534 bytes, checksum: 96efe381105ce71c4086f51f5599d6ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O interesse por polímeros biodegradáveis tem aumentado muito devido ao baixo impacto ambiental dos mesmos. No entanto os polímeros biodegradáveis disponíveis no mercado são frágeis, difíceis de processar e tem alto custo. Uma das técnicas para superar essas deficiências é através de blenda com outros polímeros. Este trabalho avaliou várias composições de blenda PHB / PP, utilizando-se um aditivo pró-degradante deste último, de forma a tornar a formulação oxibiodegradável em solo simulado (ASTM D6003). O comportamento mecânico, térmico e químico de corpos de prova de tração foram analisados através de medidas de resistência à tração, DSC, FTIR, GPC e MEV. Parte das amostras foi envelhecida em estufa a 90 ºC por 10 dias, de forma a acelerar a oxidação do PP pelo aditivo. A blenda composta por 56wt% de PP / 40wt% de PHB / 3wt% de GMA / 1wt% de MnSt foi a mais susceptível à oxibiodegradação, tendo reduzido, depois de 180 dias de enterramento em solo, a tensão de tração por 40%, alongamento na ruptura por 46% e a massa em 24%. Estes valores foram superiores ao próprio PHB puro e o efeito sinérgico ocorrido nestas blendas foi atribuído à aceleração da degradação do PHB pelo PP oxidado / Abstract: The interest in the use of biodegradable polymers has increased recently because of their environmental advantages. Blending them with other polymers is one of the techniques currently employed to overcome their brittleness, poor processing and cost. This work evaluated different blend compositions of PHB / PP, using a pro-degrading additive for this latter, to make the formulation prone to oxi-biodegradability in simulated soil (ASTM D6003). The mechanical and chemical behavior of buried injection molded tensile bars were analyzed through measurements of tensile strength, DSC, FTIR, GPC and SEM. Part of the samples were oven aged at 90 ºC for 10 days in order to accelerate the PP oxidation by the additive. Blends made from 56wt% of PP / 40wt% of PHB / 3wt% of GMA / 1wt% of MnSt were the most susceptible to oxi-biodegradation, having reduced after 180 days of burring in soil, its tensile stress by 40%, tensile elongation by 46% and weight by 24%. These values were higher even than for the pure PHB. This synergic effect on this blend was attributed to a high degradation of PP, which for its turn, facilitated PHB biodegradation / Doutorado / Quimica Inorganica / Doutor em Ciências
44

Kompostování biologicky rozložitelných biopolymerů / Composting of biodegradable polymers

Hollá, Tereza January 2021 (has links)
This master’s thesis deals with the study of composting of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA). The experimental part focuses on the composting test based on the IS/ISO 20200 standard, in which biopolymers were degraded within 8 weeks. The advantage of the composting test was the unique use of bags for polymer granules, which simplified the handling of samples. The placement of the polymers ensured an even load of compost, which simulated the landfill environment, which also made this experiment exceptional. The use of different methods of analysis ensured the investigation of the influence of compost on the degradation of polymers, but also the influence of polymers on the compost microbiome. In the compost environment all of the studied polymers degraded. After 8 weeks the weight loss of approximately 40 % was detected in PHB. Amorphous PLA degraded completely in the 5th week of experiment, while semicrystalline PLA lost approximately 70 % of its weight in 8 weeks. Using SEM images and SEC analysis, we conclude that PHB degradation was predominantly biological. Degradation of PLA samples was found to be predominantly abiotic. Analysis of compost samples revealed that the enzymatic activity of esterases increased in composts with polymers compared to compost without polymers. The effect of polymers on the microbiome in compost was analyzed using Biolog EcoPlates™. Compost with PHB showed a high ability to adapt to various substrates and microbiome expanded during composting. In the case of a sample with semicrystalline PLA, it was found that in the last week of composting, the ability of microorganisms to adapt and use substrates decreased, which indicates a possible negative effect of this polymer on compost development.
45

Roubování VTMOS na PHB / Grafting VTMOS onto PHB

Novotný, Igor January 2018 (has links)
Diploma thesis deals with the grafting of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMOS) onto poly(3–hydroxybutyrate)PHB. Subsequent characterization of the amount of grafted VTMOS and changes in the thermal properties associated with the rate of crystallization. The theoretical part deals with mechanism and the influences of grafting. In the experimental part VTMOS was grafted onto PHB without subjecting VTMOS to hydrolysis and subsequent crosslinking. By differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Avrami equation, the effect of grafted silane group on pure was studied. The MVR was used to compare the rheological properties of initial PHB, grafted PHB and crosslinked PHB by siloxane linkages.
46

Mikrovlákna na bázi polyhydroxybutyrátu pro medicínské aplikace / Microfibers based on polyhydroxybutyrate for medical applications

Gregušková, Zuzana January 2021 (has links)
Diplomová práca je zameraná na mikrovlákna na báze biopolyméru poly(3-hydroxybutyrátu) a ich využitie v medicínskych aplikáciách. Teoretická časť práce sa zaoberá štúdiom procesu tvorby vláken pomocou technológie odstredivého zvlákňovania, jeho kinetikou a faktormi ovplyvňujúcimi vznik a vlastnosti vláken. Teoretická časť sa následne orientuje na krátky prehľad biopolymérov používaných v tejto technológii, charakteristiku materiálu poly(3-hydroxybutyrátu) a taktiež prezentuje návrh potenciálnej cieľovej aplikácie daných mikrovláken. Praktická časť sa koncentruje sa prípravu mikrovláken zo spomínaného poly(3-hydroxybutyrátu). Sledované a optimalizované sú viaceré parametre vedúce k lepšej zvlákniteľnosti materiálu. Praktická časť je rozšírená o modifikáciu polymérneho roztoku prídavkom iných biopolymérov a zmäkčovadiel a prípravu mikrovláken z takto modifikovanej polymérnej zmesi. Pozornosť je venovaná taktiež optimalizácii procesných parametrov. Pripravené mikrovlákna sú následne analyzované a charakterizované viacerými metódami a vzájomne porovnávané s cieľom vyvinúť alternatívu k súčasne používaným substrátom pre rast buniek v 3D.
47

Exogenous ketone supplementations in sports: Metabolic, physical, and cognitive effects

Dubbel, Sofhie January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
48

Undersökning av fosfatsbegränsningseffekter på Escherichia coli AF1000 för bättre förståelse av 3-hydroxybutyratproduktion / Investigating the effects of phosphate limitation in Escherichia coli AF1000 for better understanding of 3-hydroxybutyrate production

Sjöberg Gällnö, Karin January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
49

The “Great” Controlling Nucleotide Coenzymes

Veech, Richard L., Todd King, Michael, Pawlosky, Robert, Kashiwaya, Yoshihiro, Bradshaw, Patrick C., Curtis, William 01 May 2019 (has links)
Nucleotide coenzymes dot the map of metabolic pathways providing energy to drive the reactions of the pathway and play an important role in regulating and controlling energy metabolism through their shared potential energy, which is widely unobserved due to the paradox that the energy in the coenzyme pools cannot be determined from the concentration of the coenzyme couples. The potential energy of the nucleotide couples in the mitochondria or the cytoplasm is expressed in the enzyme reactions in which they take part. The energy in these couples, [NAD+]/[NADH], [NADP+]/[NADPH], [acetyl CoA]/[CoA], and [ATP]/[ADP]x[Pi], regulates energy metabolism. The energy contained in the couples can be altered by suppling energy equivalents in the form of ketones, such as, D-β-hydroxybutyrate to overcome insulin resistance, to restore antioxidants capacity, to form potential treatments for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, to enhance life span, and to increase physiological performance. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(5):565–579, 2019.
50

Isolation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOI gene involved in 3-hydroxybutyrate catabolism

Marcangione, Luigi. January 1999 (has links)
No description available.

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