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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Manifestações bucais e gerais de interesse odontológico em indivíduos com síndrome de Williams Beuren / Oral and general manifestations of dental interest in individuals with Williams Beuren syndrome

Cintia de Paula Martins Santos 03 March 2016 (has links)
A síndrome de Williams Beuren (SWB), doença congênita causada pela microdeleção do cromossomo 7, incluindo o gene da elastina, pode conferir às pessoas afetadas, facies típico, retardo mental, cardiopatia congênita, hipertensão, alterações gástricas, distúrbios de desenvolvimento de dentes, dentre outras alterações. O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer as alterações faciais e bucais, a condição de saúde bucal, características oclusais e aspectos da ATM, bem como as alterações sistêmicas e condições médicas que afetam o manejo odontológico em uma amostra significativa de indivíduos brasileiros com a SWB. Para tanto, examinamos 25 indivíduos com SWB, com média de idade de 13 anos (4 a 26 anos). Os resultados mostraram que todos os participantes exibiam algum grau de retardo mental. A hiperacusia foi encontrada em 88% (22/25), cardiopatia congênita, em 76% (19/25); especialmente estenose aórtica supravalvar), hiperatividade em 68% (17/25) e hipertensão arterial em 40% (10/25) dos participantes. Distúrbios de desenvolvimento de dente foram encontrados em todos os participantes sendo que o mais frequente foi a retenção prolongada de dentes decíduos (64% - 16/25), seguido do diastemas generalizados (60% - 15/25), anodontia parcial (42% - 9/21), hipoplasia de esmalte (28% - 7/25), incisivos em forma de chave de fenda (24% - 6/25), microdontia (8% - 2/25). Em iguais porcentagens (4% - 1/25), foram encontrados casos de geminação, taurodontismo e dente conóide. Quanto à presença de alterações oclusais, todos os pacientes examinados apresentaram maloclusão. A maioria exibiu maloclusão classe III dentária de Angle (11/19,57 %) e mordida cruzada (11/25, 44%). Setenta e dois por cento dos pacientes exibiam algum hábito parafuncional. A experiência presente e passada de cárie, entre os 25 pacientes examinados, foi classificada como muito baixa, de acordo com o índice CPO-D e ceo-d, e 76% apresentaram gengivite. Os pacientes exibiram alteração da amplitude dos movimentos excursivos de mandíbula (abertura máxima - 12/22, 54%; lateralidade - 6/9, 66%; e protrusão - 7/9; 77%), bem como alterações nas ATMs, como dor à palpação (3/22, 13%) e ruídos articulares (4/25, 16%). Concluímos que distúrbios de desenvolvimento de dentes e maloclusão são frequentes em pessoas brasileiras afetadas pela SWB, e que a maioria delas apresenta alterações sistêmicas e comportamentais que podem interferir no manejo clínico odontológico. / The Williams Beuren syndrome (WBS), congenital disease caused by micro deletion of chromosome 7, including the elastin gene, is characterized by typical facies, mental retardation, congenital heart disease, hypertension, gastric alterations, teeth development disorders, among other changes. The aim of this study was to know facial and oral abnormalities, the oral health condition, occlusal features and aspects of temporomandibular joint, as well as systemic and medical conditions that affect the dental management on a significant sample of Brazilian individuals with WBS. For this, we examined 25 patients with SWB, with a mean age of 13 years (4-26 years). The results showed that all participants had some degree of mental retardation. The hyperacusis was found in 88% (22/25), congenital heart disease in 76% (19/25; especially supravalvular aortic stenosis), hyperactivity in 68% (17/25) and hypertension in 40% (10/25) of participants. Tooth development disorders were found in all participants with the most frequent was prolonged retention of the deciduous teeth (64% - 16/25), followed by generalized diastema (60% - 15/25), hypodontia (42% - 9/21), enamel hypoplasia (28% - 7/25), incisor-shaped screwdriver (24%- 6/25), microdontia (8% - 2/25). In equal percentages (4% - 1/25) were found cases of gemination, taurodontism and conoid tooth. For the presence of occlusal changes, all the patients examined presented malocclusion. Most showed malocclusion class III dental malocclusion (11/19, 57%) and crossbite (11/25, 44%). Seventy-two percent of patients had some parafunctional habit. Present and past caries experience among the 25 patients examined was classified as very low, according to the DMFT, and 76% had gingivitis. The patients exhibited change in amplitude of excursive movements of the jaw (maximun mouth opening - 12/22, 54%; laterality - 6/9, 66%; e protrusion - 7/9; 77%), as well as changes in ATMs, such as pain on palpation (3/22,13%) and joint sounds (4/25, 16%). We conclude that teeth and malocclusion development disorders are common in Brazilian people affected by WBS, and most of them have systemic and behavioral changes that can interfere with dental clinical management.
12

Busca de variações nos genes MSX-1 : relação com a hipodontia / Search of variations in genes MSX-1: relation with the hipodontia

Silva, Elisângela Ribeiro da 28 September 2007 (has links)
CHAPER I: Through a review of the literature, this article discusses the genetic mechanisms that control tooth morphogenesis. Emphasis is placed upon the structure and function of some key molecules that participate in interactions between its epithelial-mesenchimal components. In this paper we will can understand the mechanisms that control tooth morphogenesis and the dentistry should pay special attention to possible consequences of tooth number anomalies. CHAPER II: The analysis of DNA is widely employed in the genetic studies. Human DNA in most cases is performed with samples obtained from peripheral blood. The use of buccal epithelial cells as a source of DNA for PCR amplifications has several advantages over blood sampling. In the present study our objective was to standardize DNA extraction from an oral swab, using a simple method. To test DNA quality, we amplified the exons 2 of MSX1 gene and the promoter region of LEF1 gene to patients with hypodontia. In conclusion, we standardized a simple DNA. extraction of oral cells, which presented lower costs and faster results, indicating to that DNA from oral brushes/swabs are a reliable source for genetic studies. The quantity and quality of extracted DNA was shown to be adequate for PCR and polymorphism analyses. CHAPER III: Hypodontia, the congenital absence of one or a few teeth, is one of the most common alterations of the human dentition. The most common permanent missing teeth are the third molars, second premolars, and maxillary lateral incisors. Although hypodontia does not represent a serious public health problem, it may cause masticatory and speech dysfunctions and esthetic problems. In human the participation of MSX1 gene in craniofacial development have been evidenced by the studes that showed mutations in this gene. Hypodontia were shown to be caused by mutations in the MSX1 gene in human however, the mutation in the MSX1 gene cannot explain all types of tooth agenesis. Our data suggest that polymorphisms in MSX1 gene are associated with hypodontia. / CAPITULO I: Este artigo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as evidências mais atuais sobre os aspectos genéticos da formação dos dentes. São abordadas nesse artigo as principais moléculas envolvida na interação epitélio-mesênquima, responsável pela formação da estrutura dental. O objetivo é contribuir para um melhor entendimento da expressão genética envolvida na formação do dente, bem como auxiliar na prática odontológica, procurando despertar a atenção do profissional para o conhecimento científico e facilitar assim a identificação de possíveis problemas relacionados à formação dos elementos dentais. CAPITULO II: A análise do DNA é largamente usada em estudos genéticos. O DNA humano, em muitos casos, é obtido através de amostras de sangue periférico. O uso de células descamadas da mucosa oral, como fonte de DNA para amplificação por PCR, tem apresentado muitas vantagens. Nesse estudo, nosso objetivo foi padronizar extração de DNA de células obtidas da mucosa oral, usando um novo método. Para testar a qualidade do DNA, nós amplificamos o segundo éxon do gene MSX1 em pacientes com hipodontia. Criamos um novo método de extração de DNA através de células da mucosa oral, que apresenta baixo custo e rápidos resultados, indicando que o DNA dessas células,quando extraídos por essa técnica, é suficiente para estudos genéticos. O DNA extraído mostrou-se adequado em quantidade e qualidade, para estudos de PCR e análises de polimorfismos. CAPITULO III: Hipodontia, a ausência congênita de dentes, é uma das alterações mais comuns na dentição humana. Vários dentes podem estar ausentes porém, os mais comuns são os terceiros molares, segundo pré-molares e incisivos laterais superiores. Embora essa alteração de número não represente um problema de saúde pública, ela pode causar disfunções mastigatórias e problemas estéticos graves. Nos humanos, o papel do gene MSX1 no desenvolvimento crânio facial tem sido esclarecido em estudos que identificaram mutações nesses genes, associadas a alterações da normalidade. Mutações-polimorfismos no gene MSX1 têm sido relatadas como responsáveis pela agenesia dental, no entanto, mutações neste gene não explicam todas as formas dessa alteração. Nossos resultados sugerem que polimorfismos no gene MSX1 estão associados com a hipodontia. / Doutor em Genética e Bioquímica
13

Association Analysis of Class II Division 2 Malocclusion and Two Genes Linked to Hypodontia (MSX1 and PAX9)

Wall, Matthew D. January 2009 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Purpose of the Study: Determine if there is an association of the CII/D2 malocclusion and genes linked to hypodontia, namely PAX9 and MSX1. Methods and Materials: One hundred probands with CII/D2 and one hundred non-CII/D2 with no hypodontia were enrolled in this study. Clinical exam, photographs, models, radiographs, and saliva were gathered. DNA was isolated from the saliva and sent for genetic analysis. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) from the PAX9 and MSX1 genes were analyzed using the LightCycler® 480 to verify the presence of each with the CII/D2 malocclusion. A Hardy-Weinberg test was used to screen for genotyping errors, then a chi-square test was used to evaluate the association of the SNP genotypes. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The Hardy-Weinberg test showed no significant differences between observed and expected counts thus we used them for association analysis. Chi-square analysis indicated no significant association between CII/D2 and the MSX1 rs3821949 and the PAX9 1955734 genotypes. Although a p-value of 0.06 for the PAX9 rs8004560 suggested association, it was considered a grey area and insufficient to conclude that there was significant association. Since the SNP PAX9 rs8004560 was insufficient, additional statistical analysis was also performed on the PAX9 rs8004560 genotype of the CII/D2 affected subjects reported to have hypodontia of any tooth including third molars and excluding third molars. A chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.08 on the analysis of CII/D2 with hypodontia for any permanent tooth except third molars, which suggested association, but insufficient to conclude a significant association. All other analyses indicated a lack of association of the PAX9 rs8004560 SNP. Conclusions: There is no significant association of CII/D2 and the SNPs MSX1 rs3821949 and PAX9 rs1955734. There is a suggestion that there is an association of the SNP PAX9 rs8004560 and CII/D2. There is a suggestion that there is an association of SNP PAX9 rs8004560 and CII/D2 subjects with hypodontia of any tooth except third molars.

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