A \"World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0\" (WHODAS 2.0) foi desenvolvida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para a avaliação da funcionalidade e incapacidade, conforme a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso da versão de 12 itens na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) brasileira. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e baseado em um estudo de caso, que utilizou uma metodologia mista (técnicas quantitativas e qualitativas). Os participantes do estudo foram 9 profissionais de uma equipe de ESF e 120 pessoas acompanhadas por eles. Os profissionais participaram de um treinamento sobre a CIF e a WHODAS 2.0 e aplicaram essa escala nas 120 pessoas. Sete profissionais e todos os pacientes responderam questionários sobre aplicabilidade da escala. 115 (95,8%) dos pacientes apresentaram alguma incapacidade e foram encontrados de 22,5% a 68,5% das pessoas com dificuldade leve até extrema em qualquer item da escala. A avaliação da confiabilidade e da validade concorrente da escala mostrou: 1) alfa de cronbach de 0,83, com diminuição desse valor quando qualquer um dos doze itens foi deletado; 2) coeficientes de correlação intraclasse das confiabilidades interavaliadores dos doze itens e do escore total variando de 0,73 a 0,97; 3) coeficiente de spearman para validade concorrente com a \"World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument - Bref\" (WHOQOL-Bref) de 0,54. A maioria dos 120 entrevistados considerou como satisfatórias a compreensibilidade das orientações, das perguntas e das respostas da escala (72,5%, 79,2% e 80% respectivamente), assim como a brevidade (97,5%) e a relevância em relação às suas necessidades cotidianas e em relação ao uso por profissionais de saúde (71,7% e 94,2%). Foi encontrada relação estatisticamente significativa entre menor nível de escolaridade dos entrevistados e maior dificuldade na10 compreensibilidade das orientações e da maneira de fornecer as respostas. Todos profissionais consideraram como satisfatórias a compreensibilidade das orientações, das perguntas e das respostas, assim como a facilidade de preenchimento, a brevidade e a relevância quanto às necessidades das pessoas acompanhadas no serviço; 4 consideraram que as informações não poderiam ser obtidas de outras maneiras no seu trabalho cotidiano e 2 consideraram viável a inserção da escala na sua rotina díária de trabalho. A análise qualitativa mostrou \"barreiras\" para o uso da WHODAS 2.0 como: 1) dificuldades pelos profissionais para usar a escala no seu trabalho rotineiro; 2) demandas de adequações em algumas palavras/frases da escala para melhor compreensibilidade; 3) dificuldade da escala realmente refletir o conceito de aplicação universal da CIF pelo fato de avaliar a funcionalidade a partir de condições de saúde, dificultando a expressão de fatores contextuais; 4) necessidade de adequação da tradução do termo \"disability\" para incapacidade (e não deficiência). \"Facilitadores\" do seu uso também foram encontrados: 1) demandas de cuidado incluindo a funcionalidade por parte das pessoas acompanhadas no serviço; 2) a estrutura da WHODAS 2.0 com orientações claras e definidas, destacadas em cores diferentes; 3) o curso e treinamento oferecido sobre CIF e WHODAS 2.0 para os profissionais. A WHODAS 2.0 é um bom instrumento para a avaliação da funcionalidade e incapacidade em relação às condições de saúde, mas apresenta limitações por não abranger a avaliação dos fatores contextuais, que são importantes componentes da CIF. Existe uma demanda significativa de prevenção de incapacidades e promoção da funcionalidade humana na ESF. São necessários mais estudos sobre a aplicação dos conceitos da CIF, incluindo o uso da WHODAS 2.0 nesse nível de atenção. / The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) was created by the World Health Organization (WHO) for assessment of functionality and disability, according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the 12-item version in the Brazilian Family Health Strategy (ESF). It is an exploratory, descriptive study based on a case study, using a mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative techniques). Participants in the study were 9 professionals from one ESF team and 120 people accompanied by them. The professionals participated in a training on ICF and of the WHODAS 2.0 and applied this scale to 120 people. Seven professionals and all patients answered questionnaires about the applicability of the scale. 115 (95.8%) of the patients presented some disability and 22.5% to 68.5% of people showed slight to extreme difficulty degree in any item on the scale. The evaluation of reliability and concurrent validity of the scale was: 1) Cronbach alpha of 0.83, with the diminishing of this value for all items was erased; 2) Intraclass correlation coefficient of the inter-rater reliability and total score of 0.73 to 0.97; 3) spearman\'s coefficient for concurrent validity with \"World Health Organization\'s Quality of Life Instrument - Bref\" (WHOQOL-Bref) of 0.54. The majority of the 120 interviewees considered full satisfaction with the guidelines, questions and answers of the scale (72.5%, 79.2% and 80% respectively), as well as the briefness (97.5%) and it relevance regarding their daily needs and it use by health professionals (71.7% and 94.2%). It was found a statistically significant relation between lower levels of schooling and higher difficulty in understating the orientations and answering them was found. All professionals considered as satisfactory the understanding of the guidelines, questions and answers, as well as the ease of completion, the briefness and the relevance regarding the needs12 of the people accompanied in the service. Four considered that the information could not be obtained in other ways in their work, and two considered it feasible to insert the scale into their work routine. The qualitative analysis showed \"barriers\" in the use of WHODAS 2.0 such as: 1) difficulties for professionals to use the scale in their routine work; 2) adaptation demands on some scale words/sentences for better understanding; 3) difficulty of the scale to really reflect the concept of universal application of the ICF due to the fact of evaluate functionality based on health conditions, making it difficult to express contextual factors; 4) need to adapt the translation of the term \"disability\" to incapacidade (not deficiência). \"Facilitators\" of its use have also been found: 1) demands for care including the functionality by the people accompanied in the service; 2) the structure of WHODAS 2.0 with clear and defined orientations, highlighted in different colors; 3) The course and training offered on ICF and WHODAS 2.0 to the professionals. The WHODAS 2.0 is a good tool for assessing functionality and disability based on health conditions, but it has limitations because it does not cover the evaluation of the contextual factors, that are important components of the ICF. There is a significant demand for disability prevention and promotion of human functionality in the ESF. Further studies on the application of the ICF concepts are necessary, including the use of WHODAS 2.0 at this level of attention.

As lesões medulares traumáticas (LMT) são comumente geradoras de deficiências e levam a limitações na execução de atividades, como também à restrição de participação em situações concretas de vida. Conhecer os indivíduos com LMT em termos de independência funcional permite aos serviços de reabilitação estruturarem-se para atenderem às demandas dessa população de forma mais eficiente. Estudo de delineamento metodológico objetivou construir e validar instrumento baseado no Core Set resumido da CIF para indivíduos com lesão medular aguda traumática. A pesquisa, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética, foi realizada em três etapas: etapa 1:Elaboração do instrumento a partir do Core set resumido da CIF para lesão medular aguda: \"Instrumento baseado no Core set resumido da CIF para indivíduos com Lesão Medular Aguda Traumática\"; etapa 2: Validação do instrumento e coleta de dados; etapa 3: Aplicação do pré-teste.O instrumento para validação de face e conteúdo continha13 categorias que integraram os componentes da CIF: funções do corpo (3), estrutura do copo (1), atividades e participação (9), perfazendo um total de 109 itens. Em cada seção do instrumento tinha um campo para sugestões. A validade de conteúdo do instrumento foi realizada por um comitê de dezesseis juízes.Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos juízes de conteúdo eram do sexo feminino, jovens, com idade entre 30 e 39 anos. Quanto à titulação acadêmica e área de atuação, a maioria tinha doutorado e eram docentes, assim como, realizavam estudos sobre a CIF e à utilizavam na sua prática clinica.Cada item do instrumento foi avaliado em mais de 70% pelos avaliadores, sendo considerado aceitável para a validação de conteúdo. Na maioria dos itens, os juízes fizeram sugestões que visavam à modificação de termos, para serem substituídos ou reformulados, a partir do conceito apreendido, para que a estrutura e a propriedade do instrumento não fossem alteradas de modo significativo. Foram sugestões pertinentes que favoreceram a adequação do instrumento, a fim de facilitar a compreensão dos itens propostos pelo publico alvo. O pré-teste foi realizado no Centro de Reabilitação do HCFMRP-USP, participaram da pesquisa 10 indivíduos com diagnóstico de LTME, com até 6 meses lesão.A maioria eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 43 anos, sendo a principal etiologia do trauma os acidentes automobilísticos. Quanto à escolaridade verificou-se que a maioria dos participantes tinha ensino fundamental completo ou incompleto. Nesta etapa, houve substituição de alguns termos técnicos para melhor compreensão pelo público alvo. Mediante a análise entre os pesquisadores e após consenso das modificações sugeridas pelos especialistas e público alvo, foi elaborada a versão final do instrumento. Ressalta-se que o instrumento contribuíra na prática clinica como uma ferramenta inovadora a ser utilizado pela equipe multidisciplinar, na avaliação da funcionalidade para o planejamento da assistência, com foco nas necessidades individuais e nos resultados mais efetivos das intervenções no processo de reabilitação / Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) are usually the cause of disabilities and limited performance of some activities as well as limited participation in some life moments. Knowing if TSCI patients are functional dependent helps the rehabilitation services to be organized to effectively meet the demand of that population. The goal of the methodological design study was to create and validate an instrument based on summed up ICF Core Set for patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury. The survey was approved by the Ethics Committee and it was divided in three phases: Phase 1 - Elaboration of the instrument based on summed up ICF Core Set for acute spinal cord injury: \"Instrument based on summed up ICF Core Set for patients with Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury\"; Phase 2 - Validation of the instrument and data collect; Phase 3 - Implementation of the pre-test. Face and content validation tool had 13 categories which were part of ICF components: body functions (3), body structure (1), activities and participation (9); in total 109 items. Every section of the tool had a specific place for suggestions. A sixteen-judge committee validated the content. The results showed that most of the judges were 30 to 39-year-old women, with doctorate degree and they were professors who also studied ICF and applied it in their clinics. The evaluators checked more than 70% of each item of the tool and it was considered enough for the validation of the content. The judges made some suggestions for most of the items in order to replace or redesign the terms so that the structure and the effect of the tool would not be significantly changed. Those suggestions were relevant and they helped adjusting the tool to make easier for the community to understand the items. The pre-test was performed at Rehabilitation Center of HCFMRP-USP; ten patients who have had TSCI for up to 6 months participated on the survey. Most of them were 43 -year- old men, who studied up to elementary school, with a trauma caused by a car crash. At this stage some technical terms were replaced in order to help the community understanding. After the analysis of the researchers and the modifications suggested by the experts and the community, a final version of the tool was elaborated. In clinical practice this instrument was a new tool used by the multidisciplinary team when evaluating the functioning of helping individual necessities and more effective results of the interventions on the rehabilitation process

As lesões medulares traumáticas (LMT) são comumente geradoras de deficiências e levam a limitações na execução de atividades, como também à restrição de participação em situações concretas de vida. Conhecer os indivíduos com LMT em termos de independência funcional permite aos serviços de reabilitação estruturarem-se para atenderem às demandas dessa população de forma mais eficiente. Estudo de delineamento metodológico objetivou construir e validar instrumento baseado no Core Set resumido da CIF para indivíduos com lesão medular aguda traumática. A pesquisa, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética, foi realizada em três etapas: etapa 1:Elaboração do instrumento a partir do Core set resumido da CIF para lesão medular aguda: \"Instrumento baseado no Core set resumido da CIF para indivíduos com Lesão Medular Aguda Traumática\"; etapa 2: Validação do instrumento e coleta de dados; etapa 3: Aplicação do pré-teste.O instrumento para validação de face e conteúdo continha13 categorias que integraram os componentes da CIF: funções do corpo (3), estrutura do copo (1), atividades e participação (9), perfazendo um total de 109 itens. Em cada seção do instrumento tinha um campo para sugestões. A validade de conteúdo do instrumento foi realizada por um comitê de dezesseis juízes.Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos juízes de conteúdo eram do sexo feminino, jovens, com idade entre 30 e 39 anos. Quanto à titulação acadêmica e área de atuação, a maioria tinha doutorado e eram docentes, assim como, realizavam estudos sobre a CIF e à utilizavam na sua prática clinica.Cada item do instrumento foi avaliado em mais de 70% pelos avaliadores, sendo considerado aceitável para a validação de conteúdo. Na maioria dos itens, os juízes fizeram sugestões que visavam à modificação de termos, para serem substituídos ou reformulados, a partir do conceito apreendido, para que a estrutura e a propriedade do instrumento não fossem alteradas de modo significativo. Foram sugestões pertinentes que favoreceram a adequação do instrumento, a fim de facilitar a compreensão dos itens propostos pelo publico alvo. O pré-teste foi realizado no Centro de Reabilitação do HCFMRP-USP, participaram da pesquisa 10 indivíduos com diagnóstico de LTME, com até 6 meses lesão.A maioria eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 43 anos, sendo a principal etiologia do trauma os acidentes automobilísticos. Quanto à escolaridade verificou-se que a maioria dos participantes tinha ensino fundamental completo ou incompleto. Nesta etapa, houve substituição de alguns termos técnicos para melhor compreensão pelo público alvo. Mediante a análise entre os pesquisadores e após consenso das modificações sugeridas pelos especialistas e público alvo, foi elaborada a versão final do instrumento. Ressalta-se que o instrumento contribuíra na prática clinica como uma ferramenta inovadora a ser utilizado pela equipe multidisciplinar, na avaliação da funcionalidade para o planejamento da assistência, com foco nas necessidades individuais e nos resultados mais efetivos das intervenções no processo de reabilitação / Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) are usually the cause of disabilities and limited performance of some activities as well as limited participation in some life moments. Knowing if TSCI patients are functional dependent helps the rehabilitation services to be organized to effectively meet the demand of that population. The goal of the methodological design study was to create and validate an instrument based on summed up ICF Core Set for patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury. The survey was approved by the Ethics Committee and it was divided in three phases: Phase 1 - Elaboration of the instrument based on summed up ICF Core Set for acute spinal cord injury: \"Instrument based on summed up ICF Core Set for patients with Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury\"; Phase 2 - Validation of the instrument and data collect; Phase 3 - Implementation of the pre-test. Face and content validation tool had 13 categories which were part of ICF components: body functions (3), body structure (1), activities and participation (9); in total 109 items. Every section of the tool had a specific place for suggestions. A sixteen-judge committee validated the content. The results showed that most of the judges were 30 to 39-year-old women, with doctorate degree and they were professors who also studied ICF and applied it in their clinics. The evaluators checked more than 70% of each item of the tool and it was considered enough for the validation of the content. The judges made some suggestions for most of the items in order to replace or redesign the terms so that the structure and the effect of the tool would not be significantly changed. Those suggestions were relevant and they helped adjusting the tool to make easier for the community to understand the items. The pre-test was performed at Rehabilitation Center of HCFMRP-USP; ten patients who have had TSCI for up to 6 months participated on the survey. Most of them were 43 -year- old men, who studied up to elementary school, with a trauma caused by a car crash. At this stage some technical terms were replaced in order to help the community understanding. After the analysis of the researchers and the modifications suggested by the experts and the community, a final version of the tool was elaborated. In clinical practice this instrument was a new tool used by the multidisciplinary team when evaluating the functioning of helping individual necessities and more effective results of the interventions on the rehabilitation process

No description available.

No description available.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of disability in North American and has major economic consequences for society. People with knee OA experience the worst quality of life, among musculoskeletal conditions, with function and mobility being influenced by symptoms such as pain and stiffness. However, the impact of OA symptoms varies due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, leading many researchers to employ biopsychosocial and other population health frameworks to study the disease. These population health approaches have not been adopted when studying knee OA outcomes in bioarchaeology, where a limited biological lens prevails due to the sole reliance on skeletal remains. The purpose of this research was to explore methods for identifying the impairment potential of knee OA in archaeological populations using a clinical sample and population health approaches. Clinical studies have the advantage of assessing not only the biological implications of knee OA but also the functional outcomes. By creating a knee OA grading system applicable for both MRI and dry bone femora samples (Clinical Archaeological Osteoarthritis Score) a link between clinical and archaeological populations was proposed. Using this link to infer functional deficits onto archaeological populations using population health frameworks, a theoretical analysis was performed with two populations; the 17th century Huron and the 19th century Inuit from the Igloolik region of Nunavut. The results demonstrated the increased impairment potential of knee OA in the Inuit population versus the Huron population, produced by contrasting factors captured by the determinants of health, including social and physical environments.

Background: The main objective of this study was to investigate older people’s physical activity, their participation in various life situations, and their perceptions of their own health. This included an exploration of potential influences of urban versus rural residency on these outcomes, an evaluation of the measurement properties of a balance confidence scale, and an examination of the proposed usefulness of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a conceptual framework to facilitate analysis and understanding of selected outcomes. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional, population-based, with random selection from the national register of one urban and two rural municipalities in Northern Iceland. There were 186 participants, all community-dwelling, aged 65 to 88 years (mean = 73.8), and 48% of the group were women. The participation rate was 79%. Data was collected in 2004, in face-to-face interviews and through various standardized assessments. The main outcomes were total physical activity; leisure-time, household, and work-related physical activity; participation frequency and perceived participation restrictions; and self-rated health. Other assessments represented aspects of the ICF body functions, activities, environmental factors and personal factors. Moreover, Rasch analysis methods were applied to examine and modify the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale and the ICF used as a conceptual framework throughout the study. Results: The total physical activity score was the same for urban and rural people and the largest proportion of the total physical activity behavior was derived from the household domain. Rural females received the highest scores of all in household physical activity and rural males were more physically active than the others in the work-related domain. However, leisure-time physical activity was more common in urban than rural communities. A physically active lifestyle, urban living, a higher level of cognition, younger age, and fewer depressive symptoms were all associated with more frequent participation. Rural living and depressive symptoms were associated with perceived participation restrictions. Moreover, perceived participation restrictions were associated with not being employed and limitations in advanced lower extremity capacity. Both fewer depressive symptoms and advanced lower extremity capacity also increased the likelihood of better self-rated health, as did capacity in upper extremities, older age, and household physical activity. Rasch rating scale analysis indicated a need to modify the ABC to improve its psychometric properties. The modified ABC was then used to measure balance confidence which, however, was found not to play a major role in explaining participation or self-rated health. Finally, the ICF was useful as a conceptual framework for mapping various components of functioning and health and to facilitate analyses of their relationships. Conclusions: The results highlighted the commonalities and differences in factors associated with participation frequency, perceived participation restrictions, and self-rated health in old age. Some of these factors, such as advanced lower extremity capacity, depressive symptoms, and physical activity pattern should be of particular interest for geriatric physical therapy due to their potential for interventions. While the associations between depressive symptoms, participation, and self-rated health are well known, research is needed on the effects of advanced lower extremity capacity on participation and self-rated health in old age. The environment (urban versus rural) also presented itself as an important contextual variable to be aware of when working with older people’s participation and physically active life-style. Greater emphasis should be placed on using Rasch measurement methods for improving the availability of quality scientific measures to evaluate various aspects of functioning and health among older adults. Finally, a coordinated implementation of a conceptual framework such as ICF may further advance interdisciplinary and international studies on aging, functioning, and health.

Spasticity is highly prevalent in neurological conditions involving upper motor neuron lesions (UMNL). Lower limb spasticity is known to impair gait and limit participation in physical activity. Multimodal interventions including botulinum toxin A, orthoses, and physiotherapy have shown longer lasting improvements compared to unimodal interventions. Studies to date, however, have not examined the long term efficacy of this multimodal intervention nor have they examined the impact across a breadth of domains necessary to comprehensively and fully understand its impact. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a multimodal intervention to treat lower limb spasticity in adults using a longitudinal mixed-methods approach, including a comprehensive set of outcome measures spanning the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model. Seven-teen participants with chronic UMNL were included in the analysis as per inclusion criteria and showed improvements at 6 and 12 months, compared to baseline, within all domains of the ICF model. / Graduate / 0571 / 0382 / 0384 / jazkim@uvic.ca

La diffusion Raman Stimulée (DRS) est étudiée dans le contexte des plasmas qui sont pertinents pour la Fusion par Confinement Inertielle (FCI). Dans un plasma inhomogène le processus d'auto-résonance de l'onde Langmuir, générée par DRS, peut se produire dans le régime cinétique (k_L*lambda_D>0.25) et conduire à des amplitudes au delà du niveau de l'amplification attendue due à l'inhomogénéité selon Rosenbluth [M. N. Rosenbluth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 565 (1972)]. On démontre que des effets cinétiques faibles, comme le piégeage d'électrons donnent lieu à un décalage de fréquence non-linéaire (dépendant de l'amplitude), et peuvent compenser le déphasage de la résonance de DRS des trois ondes, observé dans les plasmas inhomogènes. Un modèle analytique du processus d'auto-résonance décrivant à la fois la croissance, la saturation et la phase des ondes de Langmuir a été développé. Ce modèle est en excellent accord avec les résultats des simulations cinétiques (particle-in-cell) pour des paramètres proches des conditions des plasmas des expériences de la fusion laser (Laser Mégajoule, National Ignition Facility). Une application possible de l'autorésonance est proposée sous la forme d'un amplificateur de Raman.

Spasticity is highly prevalent in neurological conditions involving upper motor neuron lesions (UMNL). Lower limb spasticity is known to impair gait and limit participation in physical activity. Multimodal interventions including botulinum toxin A, orthoses, and physiotherapy have shown longer lasting improvements compared to unimodal interventions. Studies to date, however, have not examined the long term efficacy of this multimodal intervention nor have they examined the impact across a breadth of domains necessary to comprehensively and fully understand its impact. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a multimodal intervention to treat lower limb spasticity in adults using a longitudinal mixed-methods approach, including a comprehensive set of outcome measures spanning the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model. Seven-teen participants with chronic UMNL were included in the analysis as per inclusion criteria and showed improvements at 6 and 12 months, compared to baseline, within all domains of the ICF model. / Graduate / 2015-04-24 / 0571 / 0382 / 0384 / jazkim@uvic.ca