Master-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2008.

Område: Utvecklingen idag går allt snabbare vilket gör att företag behöver bli mer konkurrenskraftiga, ett sätt att bli det är genom innovation. Det kräver ett aktivt ställningstagande och ett sätt att genomföra detta är med hjälp av innovationsprocesser. Ett annat konkurrensverktyg som blir alltmer viktigt är design. Dessa två begrepp går att bryta ner i en rad faktorer och kan ses ur flera persektiv. Syfte:  Syftet med denna uppsats är att förstå skillnader och likheter mellan innovations- och designprocesser samt se hur de kan komplettera varandra. Metod: Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod och har genomfört intervjuer med tre olika företag. Dessa tre företag har sedan analyserats och jämförts med teori och med varandra. Teorier inom respektive område har även jämförts med varandra. Slutsatser: Vi har kommit fram till att innovations- och designprocesser kan ses som olika nivåer. Innovationsprocesser är mer övergripande kring hela organisationen och designprocesser är snarare mer detaljerad kring produktutvecklingen. Därför kan designprocesserna även sägas vara en del av innovationsprocessen, ett verktyg. Vi såg även att det fanns nio faktorer i praktiken som var viktiga för innovationsprocessen, nämligen en innovationsfrämjande organisationskultur, stödjande ledarskap, personalens delaktighet och engagemang, projektbaserad innovation, multidisciplinära team, bra kommunikation, kundinvolvering, omvärldsbevakning och utvärderingar/reflektion. Utifrån dessa slutsatser skapade vi en egen modell med inspiration från befintliga modeller. / Field: Because of the faster development today, companies need to become more competitive and one way is through innovation. It requires an active standpoint and one way to achieve this is through innovation processes. Another competitive tool that is becoming increasingly important is design. These two concepts can be broken down into a number of factors and can be viewed from several perspectives. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to understand similarities and differences between innovation and design processes, and to see how they can complement each other. Method: We have used a qualitative method and have conducted interviews with three different companies. These three companies have then been analyzed and compared with theory and with each other. Theories in each field have also been compared with each other. Conclusions: We have come to the conclusion that innovation and design processes can be viewed as different levels. Innovation processes are more general and about the entire organization and design processes are rather more detailed on product development. The design process can therefore also be said to be part of the innovation process, a tool. We also saw that there were nine factors in practice that were important to the innovation process, namely to foster innovation in the organizational culture, supportive leadership, staff involvement and engagement, project-based innovation, multidisciplinary teams, good communication, customer involvement, business intelligence and evaluation / reflection. Based on these findings, we created our own model, inspired by existing models.

過去工業設計發展了幾十年，相較於美國與日本也晚了幾十年，如今，在台灣工業設計盛行的現在，台灣許多產業為了從代工轉型至品牌，紛紛導入工業設計，希望透過工業設計提供的美學價值提升產品的整體價值，連帶提升品牌價值，工業設計就變得受到各界的重視，過去工業設計的價值總是著重在美與外觀上的創造，焦點集中在設計品創造後的成果，較少探討在產品開發過程中，工業設計所扮演的角色。 本研究以個案訪談的方式為主要研究方法，以工業電腦領導廠商研華科技為個案公司，該公司本身特性雖不以外觀、美學為主，卻嘗試導入工業設計，並以Early Design Campaign的Program模式進行產品開發，本研究從該公司產品開發的實務當中，挑選三個具有代表性的產品專案進行訪談，同時也針對導入該Program的研華科技與華胄設計的諸關係人進行訪談，了解導入工業設計之原由與過程，發展的方式與產生的問題。從而分析工業設計的角色在研華科技公司的產品開發過程中所扮演的角色與變化。 本研究發現在跨領域創新的過程中，視覺化的技能扮演加速創新的過程，也能讓想法能夠更完整的表達，強化過去在文獻中所說屬於工業設計所扮演『觸媒』的角色，並在Early Design Campaign中創造出新型的產品開發模式，不同的產品類型有不同的產品開發模式，而研華科技正處於發展新市場產品的階段，過去傳統的產品開發模式已經不再能夠快速抓到市場的需求，必須透過新型態的產品開發模式才能夠發展出更創新、更符合市場需求的產品，同時過程中知識與技能的擴散同時能夠強化研華原有產品開發模式的能力與績效，連帶影響研華在產品開發的審核機制，整體性的影響能夠慢慢改變研華的創新體質與文化，與過去強調之工業設計價值大為不同。

Design thinking (DT) is a popular method and methodology for leveraging innovation. However, using DT in practical organisational settings is challenging because there is little acknowledgment of such research in academia. The few existing researches about the utilization of DT has been misinterpreted by organisations due to the phenomenon on wicked problems, leading to misuse of the method. This research investigates and enhances interdisciplinary approaches that can enhance the utilization of DT in product development for driving innovation. This qualitative case study was conducted by two full-time engineer students over a span of twenty weeks, starting in mid-January, as a thesis project for their industrial product realization studies at Jönköping University. The case study was carried out at a manufacturing company, Thule, in Sweden, specializing in outdoor recreational products. Using the IDEO method of DT, the study implements a systematic approach to develop a new, innovative solution. The project began with an extensive analysis of the market competition, users, and the company Thule, using innovative techniques such as brainstorming and various stages of sketching to address identified user challenges. Utilizing DT methods for innovation was successful as the insights were transformed into a tangible concept using computer-aided design and prototyping tools. As a result of implementing DT, a conceptualised approach was developed that ultimately lead to the innovative idea of creating a modular camping box mounted to the car's tow bar.

Det ligger något motsägelsefullt i att bilföretag arbetar med miljöfrågor. Ökad globalisering och urbanisering har haft en stor inverkan på vår miljö. Som en av världens största biltillverkare anser Toyota att de har ett stort ansvar för sitt ekologiska fotavtryck och satsar dagligen 49 miljoner kronor på miljöarbete. Examensarbetet gäller för Toyota Sweden AB med syftet att skapa nya möjligheter för att kommunicera Toyotas miljöarbete hos återförsäljarna. För att kunna uppfylla syftet arbetade vi med att besvara två övergripande forskningsfrågor: Hur ser Toyotas miljöarbete ut idag samt  Hur kan Toyotas miljöprofil förstärkas hos återförsäljarna? Då forskningsfrågorna var av bred karaktär valde vi att arbeta efter IDEO:s framtagna process Human-Centered Design, kombinerat med det arbetssätt som Anders Wikström utvecklat genom den forskning han bedriver vid Mälardalens högskola. Vid Human-Centered Design utgår man från de människor man designar för genom att utveckla empati, dvs. en djup förståelse för de problem och den verklighet de människorna lever i.  Resultatet av examensarbetet kom att bestå av två delar. Dels en nulägesanalys av Toyotas miljöarbete och hur det återspeglas hos återförsäljarna. Dels ett visionärt koncept, Talking Cars, som skildrar ett framtida sätt att köpa bil som syftar till att förstärka upplevelsen i bilhallen.  En av många slutsatser som kan dras av examensarbetet är att Toyota gör det de säger sig göra i samband med sitt miljöarbete. De behöver dock bli tydligare i sin kommunikation till omvärlden för att kunna göra sitt miljöarbete rättvisa. Genom detta examensarbete är våra förhoppningar att Toyota har fått insikter och inspiration till hur de skulle kunna gå tillväga.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-05T19:37:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianagoncalvespereiradepaula.pdf: 680450 bytes, checksum: 2aa9474866361851e10bfde5ced71dd0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-06T12:31:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianagoncalvespereiradepaula.pdf: 680450 bytes, checksum: 2aa9474866361851e10bfde5ced71dd0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T12:31:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianagoncalvespereiradepaula.pdf: 680450 bytes, checksum: 2aa9474866361851e10bfde5ced71dd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-26 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A presente dissertação de mestrado – Dimensão ídeo-política da intervenção profissional do assistente social: o debate teórico sobre sua conformação – possui como objetivo a análise da dimensão ídeo-política da intervenção profissional do assistente social, bem como o debate teórico desenvolvido, no âmbito da profissão, acerca de sua conformação, identificando seus elementos constitutivos. Para alcançar tal objetivo foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico das principais publicações, na área do Serviço Social, a partir da década de 1960 até os dias atuais. A sistematização e a análise apresentadas condensam as principais contribuições teóricas de autores de renome no Serviço Social, no que diz respeito a elaborações em torno do elemento ídeo-político inerente ao processo interventivo do assistente social. / This dissertation Masters - ídeo-political dimension of the intervention of social work: the theoretical debate on its conformation - has as objective the analysis of the size ídeo-intervention policy of the professional social worker, as well as theoretical debate developed in the framework the profession, about its conformation, identifying its components. To achieve this goal was made a bibliographical study of the major publications in the field of Social Service, from the 1960s until the present day. The systematization and analysis presented condense the main theoretical contributions of the renowned author of Social Service, with regard to elaborations on the ídeo-political element inherent in the process say the social worker.

Since the dawn of humanity design has influenced human life. Today, facing the depletion of the socio-ecological system, increasing complex problems threaten humanity’s existence. Design has been a contributor to creating such problems, yet with appropriate tools can become a source for solutions. Design Thinking (DT) was identified as a possible approach that could contribute to Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD). The purpose of this thesis is to examine potential contributors and hindrances of the DT process with regards to SSD, and create a prototype for an integrated process that could help achieve more strategic and sustainable outcomes. With the use of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) as a lens to examine the above, along with interviews, Action Research and expert feedback, an integrated process was created. Results of the interviews and FSSD analysis helped shape two prototypes that were examined through the mentioned methods. It was indicated by participants of the Action Research and by experts that the prototype could help reach a strategic and sustainable outcome, and further refinement should be pursued. The final prototype is presented as part of the discussion, suggesting additional tools and actions that if included could create a possible Sustainable DT (SDT) process.

This study attempts to gain an understanding of the responsibilities and place of the designer within his/her social, political and environmental context, a topic which is continuously being scrutinised. Graphic designers, as practitioners and researchers, have shifted towards principles found within Human-Centred Design (HCD) and problem-solving processes, primarily concerned with the community’s need and the voice of the community members within the problem and thus integrating the user into the design practice and problem-solving process. This practice-based research project reflects upon the integration of human-centred graphic design processes, analysing the brand and wayfinding design currently incorporated in the Sasolburg Public Library (SPL) through the implementation of HCD thinking and problem-solving processes, Participatory Action Research (PAR) and the HCD IDEO toolkit. The researcher critically and experientially questions and reflects upon HCD thinking: its problem-solving strategies, strengths and the ultimate result of its integration into the project, as she aimed to codesign a functional brand identity and way-finding system that resonates with the identified community need as well as the SPL’s current space and place ‘description’, essentially attempting to create a public library that is human-centred at heart. The integrated co-designed problem-solving processes, guided by the HCD IDEO toolkit, were applied within a focus group setting, and comprised out of seven focus group sessions referred to as HCD team meetings. The focus group sessions consisted out of six HCD team meeting and one member checking contact session, supported by various research phases. The team meetings all considered theoretical constructs within multiple HCD research approaches, including the HCD analysis model, PAR research cycles and the action research model, constantly re-considering existing assumptions and structures within the unique context of a public library setting, but specifically the SPL. Each focus group team meeting, and its subsequent research tools, were tailor-made for the SPL context, considering principles of the co-design process along with the expertise and perceived knowledge structures of the HCD team consisting of the designer (as specialist within practice), the researcher (as specialist academic) and the librarians (as specialists within the SPL and the identified problem). Arising from this complex construction of tools, and subsequent data collected, various findings were made identifying the value and strengths as well as the feasibility of HCD thinking processes and their integration within a ‘real life context’. Summarised findings include: the implementation of co-design processes, PAR repetitive cycles, and the creation of design deliverables answering to identified needs; tensions identified within the co-design process, sparking the beginning of what seems to be a continuous and endless ‘power/authority/expertise struggle’ throughout the problem-solving process; an aesthetic adjustment (with specific reference to graphic design executions identified within traditional design practices) as a result of the co-design process and lastly, a break in HCD co-design thinking, which argues for implementing democratic thinking practice and processes within the production and design application process. Considering the findings on the HCD research process within the context of this research, suggestions towards possible design solutions and future potential applications (within a theoretical context) are made, allowing the research in its specific, public library context, to contribute to HCD theoretical thinking processes and their integration within graphic design research and practice.