PhD (Xitsonga) / Ehansi ka Senthara ya M. E. R. Mathivha ya Tindzimi ta Afrika, Vutshila ni Ndhavuko / Ndzavisiso lowu wu wela ehansi ka dyondzonkulu ya semantiki, naswona wu kongomana ni kholokhexini eka Xitsonga. Ndzavisiso wu xopaxopa swivulavulelo swa maendli yo vulavula hi ku dya ku kuma tipatironi ta tikholokhexini leti humelelaka nawona ni tinhlamuselo leti humeseriwaka erivaleni hi tipatironi toleto. Xikongomelo xin’wana i ku kuma ntsengo wa tinxaka ta tikholokheti leti talaka ni leti nga taliki ku humelela na maendli yo vulavula hi ku dya. Eka ndzavisiso lowu ku tirhisiwa thiyori ya “Norms and Exploitations” leyi tshuriweke hi Hanks (2004). Thiyori leyi yi hlamusela leswaku rito i tshaku eka kholokhexini, kambe ku nga ri eka xivumbeko xa vulongoloxamarito. Mahungu ya ndzavisiso lowu ma hlengeletiwile hi ku tsavula swivulavulelo swa Xitsonga leswi vulavulaka hi maendli yo dya ku suka eka matsalwa ya vatsari lava landzelaka: Ntsanwisi, H.W.E. (1968): Tsonga Idioms; Bila, V. na Marhanele, M.M. (2016): Tihlungu ta Rixaka. Dikixinari ya Ririmi ra Xitsonga; Baloyi, P.B. (1988): Vulombe bya mitsheketo; Magagane, M.G. (2004): Tolo na Tolweni; Maluleke, A.V. Maluleke, G.V. na Malungana, S.J. (2004): Magenge ya Ntumbuluko; Maluleke, S.S. (1995): Vamandika na Vanyankwave; Malungana, S.J. (1997): Timitsu ta Vatsonga; Malungana, S.J. (1997): Vele ra Makwenu; Malungana, S.J. (1997): Mfuwo wa Rixaka i Xifuva; Malungana, S.J. (1998): Tinhlanga ta mfuwo wa Rixaka; Malungana, S.J. (1999): Mbewu ya Vatsonga; Malungana, S.J. (2005): Siku Rin’wana; Manganyi, K.T.C. (1995): Garingani; Malungana M. na Ngobeni B.M. (2006): Nhlalala ya Rixaka; Rikhotso, F. (1993): Khale ka Makwangala; Rikhotso, F. (1995): Ndzhaka Yerhu, Rikhotso, F. (1996): Phehlwa ra Gwambe na Dzavana; Ngobeni, B.M. (2004): A hi tsheketeni; Nkuna, B. (2007): Emarhumbini; Thuketana, F.A (1991): N’wambilu Makokoro na Shabangu, I.S. (2006): Vuxaka bya Nkava ni Rhumbu, ni swivulavulelo swo huma eka tibuku ta ntivoririmi ta Marivate, C.T.D na Mathumba, D.I. (1974): Xitsonga xa Rixaladza; Marivate, C.T.D., Mathumba, D.I. na B.J. Masebenza, B.J. (1976): Mayana Xitsonga Ntangha 6; Marivate, C.T.D., Mathumba, D.I. na Masebenza, B.J. (1974): Mayana Xitsonga fomo II; Marivate, C.T.D., Mathumba, D.I. na Masebenza, B.J. (1975): Mayana Xitsonga Ntangha 8; Mayevu, G.S. Mayevu na Nkatini, N.L. (1976) na N.L. Nkatini (1976): Xihluke xa Xitsonga fomo III; Xingulana xa Ririmi; Marhanele, M.M. (1981): Nkondo, C.P.N, (1981): Xiletelo xa Xitsonga; Mushwana, S.E. na Ndhlovu, M.M. (1988): Ririmi ra Manana; Mushwana, S.E. na Ndhlovu, M.M. (1987): Ririmi ra Manana; Mkhari, N.B. na Shikwambana, J.M. (1988): Ririmi ra Manana; Mkhari, N.B. na Shikwambana, J.M. (1987): Ririmi ra Manana; Shabangu, I.S. (1996): Nyeleti ya Mahlahle; Shabangu, I.S. (2006): Xiseluselu; Shabangu, I.S. (2007): Xiseluselu na Mabunda, N.V, Mabunda, P.N. na Nkuzana, K.J. (1991): Xitsonga xa Vagingiriki. Mahungu ya ndzavisiso lowu ma xopaxopiwa hi ku tirhisa nxopaxopo wa patironi ya khophasi (Corpus Pattern Analysis) leyi eka yona nhlamuselo ya rito yi fambelanisiwaka ni matirhiselo ya rona eka tipatironi ta tikholokhexini. Ndzavisiso lowu wu tlhela wu xopaxopiwa hi ku tirhisa nxopaxopo wa maavelo ya ntsengo (Quantitative Distributional Analysis) ku kuma tipatironi eka ntsemakanyo wa xiyimo xa nkoka xa swa tinhlayo ta tikholokhexini ta marito lama valangiwaka. / NRF

The author of this thesis endeavours to create a comprehensive portrait of Hanuš Bartoň, a Czech contemporary composer, pianist, and academic educator. The thesis is focused on his compositions and his contribution as a pianist and a teacher with the aim to establish a practical source of information. This source ought to fulfil both its musicological potential, especially concerning the analysis of Czech classical music of the end of the 20th century up till now, as well as its potential in the field of education, noting Bartoň's works for children and his academic pedagogical contribution. The thesis is systematically organised into several parts. The main body starts with the composer's biography. The attention then moves to his compositions, which are systematically presented and commented on from the perspective of Bartoň's musical style development and its tendencies. His works adhere to the postmodern ideal considering the fact that the music deals in a specific way with the synthesis of stylistic elements. The scope of his oeuvre is relatively wide. It mostly encompasses instrumental pieces, although there are many others including, for example, musical-dramatic works, vocal pieces, electroacoustic music, and music for the theatre. The individual compositions and their performances are...

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Text in English / This study examines and discovers the translation strategies as employed in the Sesotho sa Leboa translation of Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom. Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom was published in 1995 and was translated into Sesotho sa Leboa by S M Serudu in 2001. The Sesotho sa Leboa translation of the life history of Mandela, Leetotelele go ya Tokologong (Long Walk to Freedom) is one of the four completed translations to date that form part of the assignment to translate the original text into the official languages of South Africa. The aim of this study is to investigate the translation strategies used to transfer linguistic and cultural items in the translation of Mandela's autobiography. The study is mainly qualitative and examines the strategies employed by Serudu. For data collection, the source and target texts of Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom as well as the semi-structured face-to-face interviews with four translators into Sesotho sa Leboa, isiZulu, isiXhosa and Afrikaans were used. The study is based on the Descriptive Translation Studies Theory, Bassnett and Lefevere's "cultural turn" as well as the domestication and foreignization strategies. In this case, it investigates if Serudu has domesticated and/or foreignized his translation. The findings revealed that Serudu domesticated his translation by using metaphors, similes, personification, euphemism, hyperbole, proverbs, idioms and the use of descriptive words. Foreignization was also found when the translator dealt with the borrowing and loaning of words where most of the concepts were transferred, Sotholised, retained and transferred, as they were, especially culture specific items. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié d’une manière structurée et détaillée la sémantique des verbes gnat’ et gonjat’. Pour cela, nous avons tout d’abord formalisé leur potentiel sémantique qui comprend les composants de leur valeur de base et ce qu’ils génèrent dans des situations nouvelles, dans des cotextes particuliers. Pour chaque valeur sémantique, nous avons présenté un schéma sémantique, un schéma actantiel en précisant les rôles sémantiques, la nature des actants et leur réalisation syntaxique, ainsi que des illustrations d’emploi dans des cotextes des plus représentatifs, des synonymes, la famille morphologique. Les valeurs plus ou moins communes à gnat’ et à gonjat’ ont été étudiées ensemble, ce qui nous a permis de mettre en évidence leurs similitudes et différences. Puis, nous avons traité la question de la catégorie grammaticale des verbes de mouvement. Après avoir exposé les propriétés traditionnellement attribuées aux corrélats déterminé / indéterminé et les particularités qui sont générées dans l’emploi de chacun de ces corrélats, nous avons analysé la corrélation déterminé / indéterminé en général, et en particulier, entre gnat’ et gonjat’. Faisant partie de la catégorie grammaticale des verbes de mouvement, gnat’ et gonjat’ s’opposent sur le plan grammatical en tant que déterminé vs indéterminé et leurs caractéristiques grammaticales induisent quelques différences sémantiques. Ainsi, la plupart des différences observées entre gnat’ et gonjat’ ne sont pas en fait pas d’ordre lexical, mais résultent des différences grammaticales du déterminé gnat’ et de l’indéterminé gonjat’. Dans la partie consacrée à la dérivation morphologique, nous avons eu pour objectif d’examiner les effets de la préverbation et les modifications de sens que la préverbation entraîne pour ces verbes. Nous avons étudié les préverbés formés sur la base de gnat’ / gonjat’ à valeur spatiale en les regroupant en fonction de l’orientation spatiale : à partir du point de départ, vers le point d’arrivée, les deux en même temps ou en rapport avec un repère. Une attention minutieuse a été accordée aux différences sémantiques et aspectuelles de certains préverbés partageant les mêmes valeurs spatiales. L’étude des préverbés combinés aux préverbes à valeur non spatiale a été organisée en fonction de la morphologie de l’aspect : les préverbés hors couple et les couples de verbes. Quelques particularités ont été observées. Pour que l’étude sémantique soit complète, nous y avons inclus la question des phrasèmes comportant ces verbes. Puis, nous avons analysé le parallélisme qui existe entre gnat’ / gonjat’ simples et préverbés et le verbe dit de position sidet’ : les valeurs que ces verbes ont en commun et aussi, les limites de leur corrélation, Enfin, en partant directement des situations linguistiques concrètes avec gnat’ / gonjat’ simples et préverbés nous avons exposé un certain nombre de mécanismes qui aboutissent à un effet expressif. / In this thesis, we have studied the semantics of the verbs gnat’ and gonjat’ in a structured and extensive way. To achieve this, we began by structuring their semantic potential, which includes their basic value and what it produces in new situations, in specific cotexts. For each semantic value, we have presented a semantic schema, mapping the semantic roles of the actants, their nature and their syntactic development, together with examples of usage in the most representative cotexts, the synonyms, the morphological family. The more or less common values of gnat’ and gonjat’ have been studied together, so that we could bring their similarities and differences to light. Then, we dealt with the question of the grammatical category of the verbs of motion. Having presented the usually attributed properties of the correlate determined / indetermined and the particularities that emerge in the usage of each of these correlates, we have focused on the determined / indetermined correlation in general and between gnat’ and gonjat’ in particular. While belonging to the same grammatical category of the verbs of motion, both gnat’ and gonjat’ are opposed on a grammatical level, as determined and indetermined, and their grammatical characteristics lead to some semantical differences. Hence, most of the observed differences between gnat’ and gonjat’ are not of a lexical type; they are rather the result of the semantical differences between the determined gnat’ and the indetermined gonjat’. In the part of our thesis dedicated to morphological derivation, our goal was to study the impacts of verbal prefixation and the change of meaning as a result of the prefixation for these verbs. We have studied prefixed verbs based on gnat’ / gonjat’ with spatial meanings, clustering them depending on their spatial orientation: from the starting point, to the point of arrival, both at the same time or in relation to a landmark. A particular focus has been placed on the semantical and aspectual differences of some verbs with prefixes that share the same spatial values. The analysis of verbs with spatial prefixes was done according to the morphology of the aspect: the verbs with prefixes outside aspectual pairs and the pair of verbs. Some particularities have been observed. For the semantic study to be complete, we have added the question of the phrasemes using these verbs. Then, we studied the similarity between gnat’ and gonjat’ in their simple and prefixed forms and the verb of position sidet’: what those verbs have in common but also the limits of their similarities. Finally, we have taken concrete linguistic situations involving gnat’ and gonjat’ in their simple and prefixed forms in order to outline a number of mechanisms leading to an expressive result.