This dissertation provides a syntactic representation of Motion Predicates (MPs) expressed by series of verbs known as Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs) in Southern Tati –an Indo-European language spoken mainly in the Northwestern parts of Iran. This study addresses the sub-eventive decomposition of MPs by following the theoretical framework established by generative-constructivists like Borer (2005) and Ramchand (2008), as implemented for MPs in Benedicto and Salomon (2014).This dissertation also contributes to the documentation of Southern Tati, which iscategorized by UNESCO as ‘definitely’endangered.<br>

La littérature caribéenne d’expression anglaise et française se caractérise aujourd’hui par une véritable remise en question voire une déconstruction des normes occidentales imposées. Née dans un contexte de violence et de dénigrement de l’être noir, cette littérature est marquée par une forme de résistance qui s’enracine dans le marronnage historique. Ainsi, l’objectif général de cette étude est de montrer que les processus de créativité contemporains font usage du passé, notamment du marronnage, comme démarche émancipatrice de l’art et de la littérature caribéenne. Il conviendra de présenter le phénomène du marronnage dans la Caraïbe comme une dynamique discursive dans trois romans d’Earl Lovelace The Schoolmaster, The Dragon Can’t Dance et The Wine of Astonishment, auquel s’ajoute le roman Abeng de Michelle Cliff et Un dimanche au cachot de Patrick Chamoiseau.Ces fictions s’inscrivent dans un mouvement de résistance à l’occident et d’agentivité du personnage afro-descendant qui se manifeste par un renouvellement des tactiques et des stratégies crées par l’esclave fugitif : le nègre marron. Ainsi, la structure narrative déconstruit, la langue d’écriture subvertit, les thématiques liées à la résistance et la rébellion symbolisent la présence d’un marronnage littéraire. Ces récits plongent le lecteur dans une atmosphère chaotique où l’Afro-descendant doit lutter pour s’affranchir des griffes du colonialisme. C’est ainsi que les auteurs ont choisi de mettre en scène des personnages contemporains nourris de l’esprit de résistance et de rébellion qu’ils opposent à la politique coloniale. De plus, l’esthétique marronne permet aux écrivains du corpus de sortir de l’emprise occidentale et d’exprimer une certaine autonomie discursive. / Nowadays, Caribbean literature in English and French language challenges imposed Western norms. Originated from a context of violence and inferiority of black people, this literature is marked by a form of resistance that is rooted in historical marronnage. Thus, the general objective of this study is to show that contemporary creative practices use the past as an emancipatory approach to Caribbean art and literature. It presents the phenomenon of marronnage in the Caribbean as a discursive dynamics in three novels by Earl Lovelace The Schoolmaster, The Dragon Can’t Dance and The Wine of Astonishment, Abeng by Michelle Cliff and Un dimanche au cachot by Patrick Chamoiseau.These fictions are part of a resistance movement against Western codes. It deals with Black characters agentivity expressed by a renewal of maroon tactics and strategies in the novel. Thus, the deconstruction of the narrative structure, subverted written language as well as topics related to resistance and rebellion symbolize the presence of a literary marronnage. These stories bring the reader deeply into a chaotic atmosphere where the Afro-descendant struggles to free himself from colonial power. The authors have chosen to present contemporary characters fed by the spirit of resistance and rebellion thay they oppose to colonial policy. Moreover, marroon aesthetic allows writers to get away from Western influences and expresses a certain autonomy.

Est-ce que des stimuli non conscients peuvent modifier des processus classiquement considérés comme conscients ? Cette question est d’un intérêt particulier dans la schizophrénie où il existe à la fois des anomalies de processus implicites et des anomalies de processus conscients, comme par exemple, initier une stratégie ou se sentir en contrôle de son action. Pour réaliser des études chez les patients, nous devions savoir dans quelle mesure le choix d’une stratégie ou le sentiment de contrôler son action sont soumis à des influences non conscientes. Nous avons réalisé deux études chez le sujet sain montrant qu’un stimulus non conscient peut influencer la préparation d’une stratégie. Cependant, il existe des limites à ces influences non conscientes : le traitement du stimulus non conscient ne doit pas être interrompu trop tôt, et des filtres attentionnels le modulent. Notre troisième étude a analysé l’effet de distorsions subliminales du retour haptique (tactile et kinesthésique) sur l’adaptation motrice et sur le sentiment conscient de contrôler son action. Nous avons montré que le sentiment de contrôler l’action était modulé par des distorsions du retour haptique, même quand celui-ci est subliminaire. Les influences non conscientes ont un impact sur les processus habituellement conscients, dans des circonstances limitées et contrôlées. / Do unconscious stimuli modify processes that are typically associated with consciousness? This question is of particular interest in schizophrenia in which there is both impairments of implicit processes and abnormalities of conscious processes. For instance patients have difficulties to initiate a strategy or to feel in control of their actions. For this purpose, we wanted to know to what extent the choice of a task set or the feeling of control over the action could be influenced by unconscious cues. We conducted two studies in healthy subjects showing that unconscious stimuli can influence the preparation of a task set. However, we have shown that there are limitations to these unconscious influences: the processing of unconscious stimuli must be uninterrupted for some time, and it is modulated by attentional mechanisms. Our third study analyzed the effect of subliminal distortions of the haptic feedback (tactile and kinesthetic) on motor adaptation and on the conscious sense of control over the action. We have shown that the feeling of control was modulated by subliminal distortions of the haptic feedback. Unconscious influences have an impact on conscious processes, but in limited and controlled circumstances.

En français, la construction se faire + infinitif montre une agentivité non prototypique (questionnement sur l’interprétation du rôle participatif qu’il convient d’attribuer au sujet animé : « Paul s’est fait donner un livre par Marie » suppose un contrôle de Marie sur le don et un contrôle partiel de Paul sur le déclenchement du don). Dans certaines tournures, ce contrôle sera diminué voire annulé (« Paul s’est fait voler sa voiture »). On étudiera aussi des périphrases verbales (se laisser+infinitif, se voir+infinitif, faire+infinitif) et des opérateurs causatifs en anglais (get, have). Get et se faire ont beaucoup en commun, y compris le fait que leur spécialisation dans le « désagréable » en tant que « passifs » s’avèrent être un développement récent. L’attribution de l’agentivité est une opération énonciative très importante. Notre conception du temps fait que nous assignons une causation à des événements. L’agentivité se distingue de la causalité par le fait qu’un animé (et particulièrement un humain) est identifié comme la cause ultime d’un événement. L’animé se voit alors attribuer formellement une intention, un contrôle et une télicité pour ses différentes actions. Il y a certes régulièrement un décalage cognitif par rapport à une agentivité prototypique. L’agentivité linguistique est de ce fait un concept complexe permettant des transferts de responsabilité entre agents effectifs ou potentiels à des degrés divers (cas de dédoublement de l’agentivité, cas de l’agentivité déléguée, etc.). L’agentivité se rapporte alors à l'inscription et à l’encodage linguistique de certaines opérations cognitives et énonciatives à la disposition d'un sujet énonciateur. Notre analyse utilise certains concepts de la théorie des opérations énonciatives de Culioli. L’apport d’un « principe informatif » (les développements récents de la théorie de l’« information packaging » de Vallduví ou de la « structure informationnelle » de Lambrecht) permet de détecter dans des constructions comme se faire+infinitif un rôle pragmatico-énonciatif en contraste avec la construction passive canonique en être. L’emploi de ces constructions reflète la gestion subjective et intersubjective de l’information, le processus d’enrichissement des connaissances du co-énonciateur par des informations relevant d’un positionnement ou de la prise en charge de l’énonciateur par rapport à son énoncé. / The attribution of agentivity is an important enunciative operation. Our conception of time leads us to assign causes to actions and events. Linguistic “agency” or agentivity can be distinguished from linguistic causality (or causativity) by the fact that an animate entity (generally human) can be identified as the ultimate cause of an action or event. Animate entities are formally accorded intention, control and telicity over their own actions. However there are regular cognitive shifts from prototypical agency. Agentivity is a complex concept often allowing differing degrees of agency and the transfer of agency between actual or potential agents (the doubling of agents, delegated agency, etc.). Agentivity refers to the ascription and linguistic encoding of cognitive and enonciative operations which are at the disposal of an utterer / enunciator. Constructions which show nonprototypical agentivity are thus of particular interest. French constructions such as se faire + infinitif, se laisser + infinitif, se voir + infinitif, faire + infinitif as well as English constructions with get and have are revealing. Here there is a question as to the interpretation of the participative role of the animate subject. In certain cases control can be attenuated or even cancelled. In fact, se faire and get constructions have much in common, including their recent specialization as passives which describe unpleasant circumstances. This work uses concepts from Culioli’s Theory of Enunciative Operations. The contribution of an informative principle (recent developments in linguistic theories of information such as Vallduví’s “information packaging” and Lambrecht’s “informational structure”) makes it possible to detect in constructions similar to se faire + infinitif, a pragmatico-enunciative role which can be distinguished from canonical passives. The use of these constructions reflects the subjective and intersubjective management of information and the process of enriching the knowledge of one’s interlocutor with information indicating stance and positioning.

No description available.

La parole politique est l'instrument principal d’exercice du pouvoir au Cameroun, dirigé par Paul Biya depuis trente-cinq ans. Confrontée aux postures du sujet politique, cette parole trahit à l’arrière-plan discursif, les pensées profondes de l’homme politique. Apporter un éclairage sur cette situation particulière est la tâche principale que nous nous sommes assigné dans cette thèse de Doctorat qui s'intéresse à la relation entre le pouvoir et la mise en scène argumentative dans le discours de Paul Biya à l'ère du multipartisme au Cameroun. Le cadre épistémologique dans lequel se positionnent nos travaux est l’analyse du discours avec une orientation vers l’argumentation rhétorique. Empruntant les démarches intégrative et analytique de l’analyse de discours, nous puisons les concepts opératoires de notre recherche principalement dans les sciences du langage. Nous procédons aussi à l’exploration textométrique de notre corpus à l’aide du logiciel d’analyse statistique Hyperbase. L’analyse nous invite également à constituer de nouvelles notions pour rendre compte des particularités du discours de Paul Biya. La thèse montre que dans sa communication, Paul Biya procède à une mise en scène fondée sur des arguments logico-affectifs, ancrée dans la réalité sociale et les pratiques des différents pouvoirs traditionnels camerounais. Derrière le masque discursif, l'analyse met au jour des stratégies de persuasion, l'évolution de la vie sociopolitique camerounaise. Cette recherche révèle comment Paul Biya incarne un pouvoir fort, sacralisé voire mythifié; s'arrogeant une aura nationale exclusive apte à apaiser le peuple et à inhiber toute action rivale. C’est ainsi qu’il a réussi à mettre en place un régime politique qui joue constamment sur des contrariétés en vue de pérenniser son pouvoir. / Political speech is the main tool used in order to wield power in Cameroon, a country which is being run by Paul Biya for the past 35 years. The various stands taken by this political figure is revealed through these speeches which inform on the argumentative background and inner thoughts of this politician. The doctorate thesis which studies the relationship between power and the argumentative strategies in Paul Biya speeches in the multiparty era in Cameroon therefore sets out to throw more light on this peculiar situation. This research work is discussed from the vantage point of discourse analysis, more specifically on rhetoric argumentation. Using integrative and analytical approaches to discourse analysis, the work draws its key concepts mainly from language sciences. The textometric analysis of the corpus is carried out using the Hyperbase Statistics Analysis software. Also, the analysis of the corpus has brought us to coin new terms in order to address the specificities of Paul Biya speehes. The findings reveal that in his speeches, Paul Biya makes use of a set-up which is grounded on logico-affective arguments anchored in the social reality as well as in the practices of the various traditional powers in Cameroon. The analysis also brings to the fore the various persuasive strategies and the evolution of the sociopolitical life in Cameroon. This research work also reveals how Paul Biya incarnates a strong, sacred and mythified power which gives him the privilege of having an exclusive aura at the national level which can appease the Cameroonian people and nip in the bud all the initiatives of his rivals. He has therefore succeeded in establishing a political regime which takes advantage of disharmony in order to perpetuate his power.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-16T13:56:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Minéia Frezza.pdf: 1758793 bytes, checksum: 506bdf85c94ed952d8aa63d7ca579de0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-16T13:56:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Minéia Frezza.pdf: 1758793 bytes, checksum: 506bdf85c94ed952d8aa63d7ca579de0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação de mestrado consiste em um subprojeto de um estudo maior (Uma mulher, um feto, e uma má notícia: a entrega de diagnósticos de síndromes e de malformações fetais – em busca de uma melhor compreensão do que está por vir e do que pode ser feito, OSTERMANN, 2013) e tem como objetivo descrever a entrega de notícias por um geneticista a gestantes ou puérperas e seus/suas acompanhantes durante aconselhamentos genéticos gravados em áudio, em um hospital materno infantil do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), localizado na região sul do Brasil. Depois de transcrever os 54 aconselhamentos genéticos gravados, selecionamos apenas os 21 aconselhamentos que lidam com a comunicação de resultados de exames e os investigamos por meio da Análise da Conversa (SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974) para descrever as ações envolvidas na fase das consultas em que ocorre uma sequência de entrega de boas e de más notícias. A análise de dados revelou que o geneticista em questão entrega as notícias seguindo uma sequência didática composta pelos seguintes elementos: (1) pré-anúncio da notícia, (2) retomada dos resultados de exames anteriores que indicavam a realização de exames mais especializados, (3) série(s) de apresentação de perspectiva (MAYNARD, 1992) nos casos de más notícias, (4) anúncio da notícia em si e, (5) apresentação de algo potencialmente “positivo” dentro de cada quadro, quando as notícias tratam de um diagnóstico “ruim”. Outra tendência evidenciada nos dados refere-se ao processo de alocação da categoria de porta-voz da notícia ao médico, à equipe de medicina fetal e à própria instituição quando a notícia é boa. Quando a notícia a ser entregue é ruim, há um processo de distanciamento da pessoa que a entrega, uma vez que essa categoria é alocada ao exame. Assim, por ser colocado na posição de agente dos verbos que montam a notícia, o exame acaba sendo apresentado como “o responsável” pelo porte e entrega das más notícias. Esse processo de “agentivização do exame” está ligado ao processo de “despessoalização da doença”, que acontece devido à falta de referentes pronominais e/ou nominais que categorizem o feto como portador da doença e dos sintomas apresentados durante a sequência de entrega de notícias. A análise linguístico-interacional da entrega de notícias neste contexto de pesquisa revela práticas recorrentes no evento aconselhamento genético. A partir dessas recorrências, o geneticista apresenta formas para lidar com o sofrimento de pacientes e de seus/suas acompanhantes que podem ser disseminadas na formação de profissionais de saúde em áreas em que a entrega de diagnósticos é prática do dia-a-dia. / This master’s dissertation consists of a subproject of a larger study (Uma mulher, um feto, e uma má notícia: a entrega de diagnósticos de síndromes e de malformações fetais – em busca de uma melhor compreensão do que está por vir e do que pode ser feito, OSTERMANN, 2013) and aims at describing the news delivery made by a geneticist to pregnant or puerperal women and their companion during audio recorded genetic counselings held in a mother and child hospital of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), located in southern Brazil. After transcribing the 54 audiorecorded genetic counselings, we selected only the 21 counseling sessions which dealt with the communication of tests results. By taking a conversation analytical perspective (SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974), the interactions were analyzed so as to describe the actions involved within the phase of the consultations in which the sequence of good and bad news delivery occurs. The data analysis reveals that the delivery of the news follows a didactic sequence composed by the following elements: (1) a news preannouncement, (2) a retake of the previous exams results which indicated the realization of more specialized exams, (3) a/some perspective-display series (MAYNARD, 1992) in case of bad news, (4) a news announcement itself, and when the news consists of a “bad” diagnosis, (5) a display of something potentially “positive” within each case. Another tendency revealed in the data refers to the process of placing the category of spokesperson to the doctor, to the staff of fetal medicine and to the institution itself when the news is good. When the news to be delivered is bad, on the other hand, there is a process of distancing of the person who delivers it and this category is alocated to the exam, which is then put in the position of the “agent” of the verbs that announce the news and, as a consequence, ends up being “the responsible one” for bearing it. This process of agentivization of the exam is linked to the process of “depersonalization of the disease”, which happens due to the lack of nominal and/or pronominal referents that categorize the fetus as the bearer of the disease and the symptoms presented throughout the news delivery sequence. The linguistic-interactional analysis of the news delivery in this research study shows recurring practices in the event genetic counseling. By these recurrences, the geneticist presents ways to deal with the patients and their companions’ distress, and these ways can be spread to the health professionals’ education in areas in which diagnosis delivery is a daily practice.

This study explores the use of war metaphors, more specifically metaphors centred on the verb, in modern French newspaper prose from three principal angles.  The first part of the analysis shows that the verbs of war used are metaphorical rather than concrete. However, the vast majority of the metaphors stem from only five verbs, namely attaquer, affronter, combattre, défendre and lutter.  The second part of the analysis focuses on these five verbs and their metaphorical uses. It is shown that it is the semantic role of patient that separates a metaphorical use from a concrete use. A classification of the patients according to semantic fields reveals that each of the five verbs shows a distinct preference for a certain type of patient and the verbs also differ in whether their patients have negative or positive connotations. This creates an image of five verbs, each of which is conventionalised in a certain linguistic context.  The final chapter of the analysis investigates war metaphors from a textual perspective, analysing their usage according to three parameters: position, function and target domains. The position that is the most susceptible to war metaphors is the initial position. The textual functions of metaphors are divided into one semantic and three pragmatic functions. The semantic function structures the theme of an article in terms of war, construing an antagonism by means of elaborating or extending a conventional metaphor. The pragmatic functions considered are argumentative, descriptive and expressive. In the articles studied, war metaphors have mostly a descriptive or argumentative function. Finally, the target domains and their interconnections with the source domain WAR are considered, showing that the war metaphors are linked to power or the lack thereof. The metaphor often describes the person in power, but the case can be reversed with the metaphor describing the powerless resisting or fighting the person in power.

No description available.

Cette étude linguistique et didactique s’articule autour de la comparaison du système déterminatif en arabe écrit (AE) et parlé (AP) d’une part, avec le français d’autre part. Trois arguments relatifs au système déterminatif sont mis en oeuvre dans cette thèse en faveur de la théorie de la détermination progressive : la continuité de la détermination, la négativité comme moteur de la détermination, les marqueurs Dét et l’agentivité. La détermination continue se comprend au travers de la construction référentielle par deux éléments : un stable et un autre variable comme une action, un attribut ou un référent spécificateur. Or, la stabilité du référent est relative à la subjectivité de l’énonciateur. En effet, l’énonciateur utilise « la négativité » – un terme de Saussure  comme un facteur permettant au référent stable dans un énoncé d’être un variable dans un autre énoncé. La négativité est le facteur qui crée le système de différences dans la langue, une différence que nous repérons dans le comportement syntaxique des marqueurs féminins et dans le mode factuel en arabe. Les marqueurs Dét assurent la variabilité dérivationnelle sur la base de la même racine en arabe dans le cas de l’expression quantitative et du schème verbal. Ils contribuent également à la diversité en matière de rôle thématique. L’agentivité est le facteur qui véhicule la circulation de l’action via les marqueurs Dét dans le cas de la transitivité. Sur le plan didactique, cette étude s’appuie sur un corpus de dissertations écrites en français par des apprenants arabophones syriens et met brièvement la lumière sur la pédagogie de l’erreur en général et dans la pensée critique arabe. / This linguistic and pedagogical research is devoted to the comparaison of determinative systeme in both French and Arabic written and spoken. This comparaison is done through the question of written error in French and investigates three arguments related to determinative system in favor of the progressive determination’s theory : the continuity of the determination, the negativity as a motivator of the determination process, Det markers and agentivity. The continuous determination is most understood through reference’s construction by two elements : a stable one and variable one like an action, an attribute or a specifier referent. However, the stability of a referent relates to the speaker’s subjectivity. Indeed, the speaker uses “negativity” – a term by Saussure – as a factor by which a stable referent can be made variable in another sentence. Also, negativity is the principle to represent language as a difference’s system. The difference is, for example, the description of the syntactic behavior of female markers and so of factual mood in Arabic. Det markers assure the derivational variability by the same root, in Arabic, in the case of quantificational expression and verb scheme. Also They contribute to the diversity of thematic roles. Agentivity is the criteria which motivates the transmission of action’s information through Det markers in the case of transitivity. With regard to didactic approach, this analysis is based on a corpus of essays written in French by Syrian Arabic students, and it sheds some light on the pedagogy of error and the critical Arabic thinking towards it.