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In face of the rapid globalization, more and more emerging market MNEs (EMNEs) are assigning expatriates to establish and manage overseas tasks in order to gain the competitive advantages in global markets. Consequently, the issue of expatriate management within the context of EMNEs has become an important concern in the field of IHRM. The purpose of the thesis is to delineate how expatriate management of Chinese MNEs that shaped by unique Chinese informal institutional environment may impact upon the expatriate effectiveness (work adjustment and job performance) in foreign countries. The thesis uses a qualitative research and collects empirical data from 11 Chinese expatriates working in 3 different Chinese MNEs’ Nordic divisions. The empirical results reveal the fact that Harmony is positively related to work adjustment through indoctrinating the specific corporate value, Group Orientation (family attachment) has positive relationship with job performance, Top-down control has negative relationship with work adjustment because of the hierarchy pressure, and Guanxi has no link with expatriate effectiveness under the given regulations and staffing policies. In the context of EMNEs, the influences of four different informal institutional factors are able to intervene the IHRM practices so as to increase or decrease the expatriate effectiveness.

Research question:  “How does the IHRM of multinational enterprises (MNEs) adapt their recruitment processes during crises?” Purpose: To explore the adaptation and changes in the recruitment process of IHRM during a crisis. Method: The research method is a qualitative case study, and the data is collected through semi-structured interviews and secondary data.  Conclusion: This study shows that IHRM in multinational enterprises use e-recruitment as a tool and method to adapt the recruitment practices during a crisis. However, the finding of this study indicates that the best outcome of recruitment is achieved by adapting and incorporating both e-recruitment and traditional recruitment.

Bakgrund: Globaliseringen har föranlett en ökning av multinationella företag. De multinationella företagen har genom olika internationaliseringsstrategier fått en framstående roll som starka aktörer på det globala planet. Internationaliseringsstrategierna ses som nödvändiga för att bibehålla konkurrenskraftighet i en föränderlig värld. Dock ses en avsaknad av HR funktionens integrering i förhållande till multinationella företags internationalisering i teorin. Syfte: Att beskriva till vilken grad HR funktionen i multinationella företag är internationaliserad i förhållande till struktur, strategi och kultur. Metod: Studien tillämpar en induktiv ansatsmetod med inslag av deduktion, deduktionen representeras genom en inramning av syftet som gjorts för att skapa en viss förförståelse. Studien är en fallstudie av kvalitativ karaktär. I studien har empirin samlats in genom tre datainsamlingsmetoder: semistrukturerad intervju, dokumentundersökning samt skriftlig strukturerad intervju. Empirin har vidare tillsammans analyserats genom en tematisk analys. Den tematiska analysen genererade tre huvudteman: Moderlandets påverkan i multinationella företag, Lokala anpassningar i en internationell kontext och Globala utmaningar i en föränderlig värld. Respektive huvudtema innehåller tre underteman, som förankrades i relevant teori. Studien präglas av konstruktionism och ett tolkande förhållningsätt. Slutsats: HR funktionen i multinationella företag är till viss grad internationaliserad i förhållande till struktur, strategi och kultur. Vidare ges en beskrivning i form av en slutgiltig modell som visar faktorer som främjar och hämmar graden. / Background: Globalization has led to a rise of multinational companies. Through various internationalization strategies, multinational companies have gained a prominent role as strong players on the global stage. Internationalization strategies are seen as necessary to maintain competitiveness in a changing world. However, there is a lack of integration of the HR function in relation to the internationalization of multinational companies in theory. Purpose: To describe the degree to which the HR function in multinational companies are internationalized in relation to structure, strategy and culture. Method: The study applies an inductive approach with elements of deduction, the deduction is represented by a framing made to create a certain pre-understanding. The study is a case study of a qualitative nature. In the study, the empirical data has been collected through three data collection methods: semi-structured interview, document review and written structured interview. The empirical data has furthermore been analyzed together through a thematic analysis. The thematic analysis generated three main themes: the influence of the motherland in multinational companies, local adaptations in an international context and global challenges in a changing world. Each main theme contained three sub-themes, which were embedded in relevant theory. The study is characterized by constructionism and an interpretive approach. Conclusion: The HR function in multinational companies is to some extent internationalized in terms of structure, strategy, and culture. Furthermore, a description is given in the form of one final model showing factors that promote and inhibit the degree of internationalization.

<p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera det växande behovet av International Human Resource Management (IHRM) i syfte att skapa förståelse för företagets interna resurser och hur dessa kan bidra till företagets utveckling. För att uppnå uppsatsens syfte har vi utformat följande huvudproblem; I vilken utsträckning kan ett företags strävan efter internationell framgång förstås genom dess ledare<em>?</em> För att besvara det formulerade huvudproblemet har vi valt att använda en kvalitativ ansats och tillämpat fallstudie som forskningsstrategi.</p><p>Den teoretiska referensramen innefattar en beskrivning av olika etableringsstrategier och medföljande ledarpositioner samt behandlar det resursbaserade synsättet vilket är relevant för vårt ämnesval och vår frågeställning. Vidare består av teorikapitlet av en deskription av IHRM och tillsättningsstrategier. Det empiriska kapitlet behandlar den information som tillhandahållits genom fallföretaget och dess informanter rörande ledarpositioner och efterfrågade kompetenser hos en internationell ledare. Kapitlet är strukturerat utefter de informanter vi utsett; företagets VD, marknadschef samt försäljningschefer.</p><p>I analyskapitlet diskuteras och analyseras den teoretiska referensramen tillsammans med det empiriska utfallet. Kapitlet belyser de olika ledarpositioner som medför de valda etableringsstrategier samt vilka kompetenser som prioriteras vid tillsättning av den internationella ledaren. Från vår analys framgår det att de främsta kompetenser en kvalificerad försäljningschef bör besitta är förmågan till social kompetens och ett tekniskt kunnande, goda förhandlingskunskaper samt en stark drivkraft. Vidare i kapitlet analyseras de faktorer som kan bidra till företagets internationella framgång.</p><p>Uppsatsens slutsats visar att NORDENs ledande position inom tubfyllningsbranschen har uppkommit tillföljd av försäljningschefernas ovärderliga erfarenhetsbaserade kunskaper samt förmågan att anpassa företagets globala strategi till lokala kunders önskemål. Avslutningsvis presenteras förslag till fortsatt forskning inom IHRM samt rekommendationer till fallföretaget.</p>

International Human Resource Management (IHRM) plays a significant role in Multinational Corporation (MNC) management and governance, particularly when such organizations transfer policies and practices from their headquarters to subsidiaries overseas. However, there is some scepticism concerning the balance and coherence in the relationship between standardized systems set in MNC headquarters and the adapted practices in their subsidiaries. This may become evident when considering the factors that influence the design, conduct and related effectiveness of human resource practices such as performance management. This research explores the extent to which transferability of a model for performance management, initially based on western practice, is possible from China to Africa, taking into account the required adaptation of its specific Chinese characteristics to specific African conditions. It concludes that performance management can make an important and long-lasting contribution to Chinese MNCs in Africa and raise their competitiveness and efficiency, although significant challenges remain. In the exploration of the design and implementation of this HR practice in the headquarters and subsidiary contexts, the study evaluates the methods incorporated in performance management systems for their effective transfer and examines the key factors which concern stakeholders, including employee engagement, intercultural communication and sustainable impacts within a development context. The research develops an analytical framework for taking into account the context, the influential factors and the effectiveness criteria of performance management systems in Chinese MNCs when their IHRM practices are transferred into different contexts, with specific reference to an Africa case study context. The study establishes that in the contexts considered the benefits of standardized HR practices, such as performance management, may be gained most fully for both headquarters and subsidiary when these practices are set within a win-win frame for both parts of the organisation. One which is characterised by an appropriate balance of standardisation and adaptability.

Background In a global market where competition is constantly growing, organizations need to staff employees from the home country company in the subsidiaries abroad in order to create a local presence and sustain the international competition which is referred to as expatria-tion. The expatriation process requires lots of planning and training before departure and adaptation when on place and also re-adaptation of oneself when coming back to the home country. Problems that occur during the international assignment might lead to ex-patriate failure which is termination of the assignment prematurely. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to contribute with an understanding of problems expatriates encounter during their expatriation period and how the expatriation process can be im-proved. Method A qualitative study with in-depth interviews has been carried out. Seven case studies have been conducted with seven expatriates from three different organizations, who have been working in different countries. The personnel who work with the expatriation process have also been interviewed in order to gain a better understanding about how the expatriation process is planned and supported. Conclusion The empirical findings show that the pre-departure training expatriates receive are focused on work related issues, hence cultural awareness training are often neglected. This leads to problems for the expatriates, like for example integration problems, adjustment problems for the expatriate and his/her family members, and not being able to communicate in the local language. Also the support received from the home country company are many times insufficient, and the home country companies rarely provide the expatriates with any form of repatriation program to ease their re-adjustment process. This study shows that many organizations need to improve the different parts of their expatriation process. The organizations should especially focus on developing their pre-departure training to include cultural training for both the expatriate and the spouse, and develop a sufficient repatria-tion program.

This study of Taiwanese managers in overseas subsidiaries, the appointment of high thinking, because the layout of Taiwan businessmen in the world of enterprise, both in Europe and the United States or in mainland China and other places, almost all of its subsidiaries responsible for the nationals, rather than local nationals, and this practice with European and American foreign just the opposite. Taiwanese firms such practices, what reaction to what Taiwanese thinking. This study uses the case interview, a total of three Taiwanese high-end interview with a foreign manager, general manager for content analysis. The results showed that Taiwanese business culture heritage importance, that have a common intellectual culture can communicate seamlessly. Second, is the head of Taiwan to overseas subsidiaries as a reward for a job, people who have contributed to the company to get this position, the third, a complete financial system, local Taiwanese that if appointments to subsidiary responsible person, then the completeness of the financial system is essential, however, that this problem of foreign production, but also Taiwan's accounting system is the result of lack of transparency. Finally, Taiwan's Pan-Familism and views on human nature as "human nature is evil," the basic assumption that all is to allow Taiwan businessmen in overseas subsidiaries, the appointment of responsible persons, who take the nationality of the reasons for this appointment.

The major purpose of study is to know the main human resource function role which is performed currently by the subsidiary of Multinational Corporation (MNC) in Taiwan and the concept of multiple-role model is adopted in the study. This study is done by the quantative survey to find out the factors which could influence the human resource function role and the current multiple-role model, meanwhile the cluster analysis is used to investigate the main model of current human resource function role. Human resource activities within the subsidiary of MNC in Taiwan are influenced by both external and internal environments, because there¡¦re many environmental factors to be considered and they are not easy to be controlled, so the study focuses on the discussion of the variables of internal environment in the organization. According to the characters of the variables, the study divides the variables into organization character and management character to investigate the influence of internal environment on human resource function role. After passing through the examination and analysis , the study result is presented as here below: 1. The major human resource function role performed by current subsidiary of MNC in Taiwan is Administrative Expert, the next is Strategic Partner, Change Agent and the last is Employee Champion. It represents that the human resource department of the subsidiary of MNC in Taiwan still do lots of works in the administration. But it¡¦s also found from the result that the roles of Strategic Partner and Change Agent are elevated after comparing with the previous studies. So it¡¦s assumed the position of human resource department becomes higher, human resource department involves more in the strategic management. 2. The cluster analysis is used in this study to evaluate the multiple-role model of Business Partner. The samples in the study are divided into 3 groups and named as High Level Business Partner, Middle Level Business Partner, and Low Level Business Partner. 3. The study finds that two variables, ¡§the position of human resource supervisor¡¨ and ¡§if human resource supervisor joins the management team¡¨, influence the performing level of human resource role.

<p>Background</p><p>In a global market where competition is constantly growing, organizations need to staff employees from the home country company in the subsidiaries abroad in order to create a local presence and sustain the international competition which is referred to as expatria-tion. The expatriation process requires lots of planning and training before departure and adaptation when on place and also re-adaptation of oneself when coming back to the home country. Problems that occur during the international assignment might lead to ex-patriate failure which is termination of the assignment prematurely.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to contribute with an understanding of problems expatriates encounter during their expatriation period and how the expatriation process can be im-proved.</p><p>Method</p><p>A qualitative study with in-depth interviews has been carried out. Seven case studies have been conducted with seven expatriates from three different organizations, who have been working in different countries. The personnel who work with the expatriation process have also been interviewed in order to gain a better understanding about how the expatriation process is planned and supported.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The empirical findings show that the pre-departure training expatriates receive are focused on work related issues, hence cultural awareness training are often neglected. This leads to problems for the expatriates, like for example integration problems, adjustment problems for the expatriate and his/her family members, and not being able to communicate in the local language. Also the support received from the home country company are many times insufficient, and the home country companies rarely provide the expatriates with any form of repatriation program to ease their re-adjustment process. This study shows that many organizations need to improve the different parts of their expatriation process. The organizations should especially focus on developing their pre-departure training to include cultural training for both the expatriate and the spouse, and develop a sufficient repatria-tion program.</p>